Ammonia-oxidizing archaea use the most energy-efficient aerobic pathway for CO2 fixation.

abstract：:The basal ganglia are critical for selecting actions and evaluating their outcome. Although the circuitry for selection is well understood, how these nuclei evaluate the outcome of actions is unknown. Here, we show in lamprey that a separate evaluation circuit, which regulates the habenula-projecting globus pallidus (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stephenson-Jones M,Kardamakis AA,Robertson B,Grillner S

更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaerobic beta-galactoside transport in whole cells and membrane vesicles from E. coli ML 308-225 is coupled to the oxidation of alpha-glycerol-P or D-lactate with fumarate as an electron acceptor. Alternatively, anaerobic beta-galactoside transport may be coupled to the oxidation of formate utilizing nitrate as elect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Konings WN,Kaback HR

更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), purified from medium conditioned by the BRL-3A rat liver cell line, previously has been shown to be closely related to the human somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors. A radioimmunoassay was utilized to measure MSA levels in sera from fetal, maternal, and young rats. A ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moses AC,Nissley SP,Short PA,Rechler MM,White RM,Knight AB,Higa OZ

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The satellite sequences (AGGGAG)(n) and Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. Using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in barley chromosomes added to common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for the short arm of barley chromosome 7H (7HS) that lacked ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nasuda S,Hudakova S,Schubert I,Houben A,Endo TR

更新日期：2005-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor sites in the anterior pituitary were evaluated by binding studies with InsP3 labeled with 32P to high specific radioactivity. Specific binding of Ins[32P]P3 was demonstrable in pituitary membrane preparations and was linearly proportional to the amount of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guillemette G,Balla T,Baukal AJ,Catt KJ

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A yeast gene has been identified by screening for DNA replication mutants using a permeabilized cell replication assay. The mutant is temperature sensitive for growth and shows a cell cycle phenotype typical of DNA replication mutants. RNA synthesis is normal in the mutant but DNA synthesis ceases upon shift to the no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Budd ME,Campbell JL

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Appropriate expression of IL-2 plays a central role during the priming and differentiation of T cells. A tight balance between IL-2 and the effector cytokine IL-17A is essential for immune homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms have been documented as a key component of cytokine regulation during lineage commitment. The m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hedrich CM,Crispin JC,Rauen T,Ioannidis C,Apostolidis SA,Lo MS,Kyttaris VC,Tsokos GC

更新日期：2012-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The neo (neomycin-resistance) gene of transposon Tn5 encodes the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (EC 2.7.1.95), which confers resistance to various aminoglycoside antibiotics, including kanamycin and G418. The gene is widely used as a selectable marker in the transformation of organisms as diverse as bacteria, y...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yenofsky RL,Fine M,Pellow JW

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spontaneous assembly of proteins into amyloid fibrils is a phenomenon central to many increasingly common and currently incurable human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Oligomeric species form transiently during this process and not only act as essential intermediates in the assembly of n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dear AJ,Michaels TCT,Meisl G,Klenerman D,Wu S,Perrett S,Linse S,Dobson CM,Knowles TPJ

更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:During oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants and eukaryotic algae, conversion of light energy to biologically useful chemical energy occurs in the specialized thylakoid membranes. Light-induced charge separation at the reaction centers of photosystems I and II, two multisubunit pigment-pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zak E,Norling B,Maitra R,Huang F,Andersson B,Pakrasi HB

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A coarse-grained model for protein-folding dynamics is introduced based on a discretized representation of torsional modes. The model, based on the Ramachandran map of the local torsional potential surface and the class (hydrophobic/polar/neutral) of each residue, recognizes patterns of both torsional conformations an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernández A,Kostov K,Berry RS

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The lactate racemase enzyme (LarA) of Lactobacillus plantarum harbors a (SCS)Ni(II) pincer complex derived from nicotinic acid. Synthesis of the enzyme-bound cofactor requires LarB, LarC, and LarE, which are widely distributed in microorganisms. The functions of the accessory proteins are unknown, but the LarB C termi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desguin B,Soumillion P,Hols P,Hausinger RP

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of the vertebrate eye has been found to require the activity of several genes encoding homeodomain proteins (Freund, C., Horsford, D. J. & McInnes, R. R. (1996) Hum. Mol. Genet. 5, 1471-1488). Some of these genes, or portions thereof, are highly conserved across phyla. In this paper, we report the identifi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Furukawa T,Kozak CA,Cepko CL

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we report a time-course study of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats, by monitoring neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis through corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, macrophagic and neuronal nit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calzà L,Giardino L,Pozza M,Micera A,Aloe L

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously reported that short-term immobilization stress of rats causes increased colonic mucin release, goblet cell depletion, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and colonic mast cell activation, as well as increased colonic motility. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether neurotensin (NT), a peptide expre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castagliuolo I,Leeman SE,Bartolak-Suki E,Nikulasson S,Qiu B,Carraway RE,Pothoulakis C

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown that cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) impair clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by preventing TNF-mediated killing/death of infected cells. A key question, with profound therapeutic implications, is whether this finding can be translated to the development of drugs that promot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ebert G,Allison C,Preston S,Cooney J,Toe JG,Stutz MD,Ojaimi S,Baschuk N,Nachbur U,Torresi J,Silke J,Begley CG,Pellegrini M

更新日期：2015-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Two decades after the discovery of the first animal microRNA (miRNA), the number of miRNAs in animal genomes remains a vexing question. Here, we report findings from analyzing 1,323 short RNA sequencing samples (RNA-seq) from 13 different human tissue types. Using stringent thresholding criteria, we identified 3,707 s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Londin E,Loher P,Telonis AG,Quann K,Clark P,Jing Y,Hatzimichael E,Kirino Y,Honda S,Lally M,Ramratnam B,Comstock CE,Knudsen KE,Gomella L,Spaeth GL,Hark L,Katz LJ,Witkiewicz A,Rostami A,Jimenez SA,Hollingsworth MA,

更新日期：2015-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The accurate biogenesis of RNA-protein complexes is a key aspect of eukaryotic cells. Defects in Sm protein complex binding to snRNAs are known to reduce levels of snRNAs, suggesting an unknown quality control system for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly. snRNA quality control may also be relevant in sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shukla S,Parker R

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle contraction and relaxation is regulated by transient elevations of myoplasmic Ca(2+). Ca(2+) is released from stores in the lumen of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SER) to initiate formation of the Ca(2+) transient by activation of a class of Ca(2+) release channels referred to as ryanodine receptors (RyRs) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amador FJ,Liu S,Ishiyama N,Plevin MJ,Wilson A,MacLennan DH,Ikura M

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:T-helper 17 (Th17) cells have important functions in adaptor immunity and have also been implicated in inflammatory disorders. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins regulate gene transcription during lineage-specific differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells to produce mature T-helper cells. Inhib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheung K,Lu G,Sharma R,Vincek A,Zhang R,Plotnikov AN,Zhang F,Zhang Q,Ju Y,Hu Y,Zhao L,Han X,Meslamani J,Xu F,Jaganathan A,Shen T,Zhu H,Rusinova E,Zeng L,Zhou J,Yang J,Peng L,Ohlmeyer M,Walsh MJ,Zhang DY,

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that regulates the binding of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport. ARF also stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which can alter the lipid content of membranes by conversion of p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ktistakis NT,Brown HA,Sternweis PC,Roth MG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila macronucleus exist as free linear 21-kilobase molecules that contain replication origins and telomeres. A mutation in this gene confers resistance to the antibiotic paromomycin. We have isolated rDNA from such a mutant (strain p2f), microinjected it into the ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tondravi MM,Yao MC

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musical training is known to modify cortical organization. Here, we show that such modifications extend to subcortical sensory structures and generalize to processing of speech. Musicians had earlier and larger brainstem responses than nonmusician controls to both speech and music stimuli presented in auditory and aud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Musacchia G,Sams M,Skoe E,Kraus N

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The chimaeric protein repressor-galactosidase, in which fully active lac repressor is covalently linked to the active enzyme beta-galactosidase, was used as a system for probing the quaternary structure of lac repressor. Electron micrographs revealed repressor-galactosidase to be a tetrameric aggregate. When lac repre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kania J,Brown DT

更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 60,000-dalton polypeptide (p60) has been identified in the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus [MSV(FeLV)]. This polypeptide is present in the purified virus complex in concentrations greater than either the murine p30 or the feline p27. Purified p60 crossreacts immunologically with muri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oskarsson MK,Robey WG,Harris CL,Fischinger PJ,Haapala DK,Vande Woude GF

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological processes often require that a single gene product participate in multiple types of molecular interactions. Viruses with quasiequivalent capsids provide an excellent paradigm for studying such phenomena because identical protein subunits are found in different structural environments. Differences in subunit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson JE

更新日期：1996-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A physical map of the 9.2-Mbp Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 chromosome at a resolution of 25 kbp was constructed by using a strategy that is applicable to virtually all microorganisms. Segments of the chromosome were used as hybridization probes to subdivide a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library into groups of linke...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He Q,Chen H,Kuspa A,Cheng Y,Kaiser D,Shimkets LJ

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA-containing Epstein-Barr herpesvirus has been implicated in the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma, a malignant tumor of children in Africa. Recently, however, particles possessing four biochemical characteristics of RNA tumor viruses have also been identified in these tumors. The fact that both types of viruses ar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peters WP,Kufe D,Schlom J,Frankel JW,Prickett CO,Groupé V,Spiegelman S

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used a soluble in vitro RNA polymerase II transcription system to define the site of initiation of Moloney murine leukemia viral RNA synthesis. Molecularly cloned integrated and unintegrated Moloney murine leukemia virus DNAs were used as templates. The 5' ends of in vitro transcripts and virion RNA of Moloney...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fuhrman SA,Van Beveren C,Verma IM

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus after cell mating in hypotrichs all the genes (approximately 20,000) are excised from micronuclear chromosomes as individual small DNA molecules. Telomeres are added to the ends of each gene-sized molecule and each is amplified, mostly by approximately 1000-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greslin AF,Prescott DM,Oka Y,Loukin SH,Chappell JC

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00