Abstract:
:A physical map of the 9.2-Mbp Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 chromosome at a resolution of 25 kbp was constructed by using a strategy that is applicable to virtually all microorganisms. Segments of the chromosome were used as hybridization probes to subdivide a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library into groups of linked clones. The clones were aligned by comparing their EcoRI restriction patterns. The groups of YAC clones ("contigs") were oriented and aligned with the genomic restriction map by means of common genetic and physical markers such as rare restriction sites and transposon insertions. Over 95% of the genome is represented by cloned DNA. Sixty genetic loci including > 100 genes, many of which play a role in fruiting body development, have been mapped in this way. Additional genes can now be located on the chromosome map by hybridization of their sequences to the ordered set of YAC chromosomes. The mapped genetic loci account for approximately 2% of the genome.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
He Q,Chen H,Kuspa A,Cheng Y,Kaiser D,Shimkets LJdoi
10.1073/pnas.91.20.9584subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-27 00:00:00pages
9584-7issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2), the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis, was localized by electron microscopy within noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus of the rat brain with a specific antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase labeled by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase im...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.2.659
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic analysis of the in vitro reconstitution of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12] from yeast showed that both oxidized and reduced coenzyme enhance the transconformation reaction, which is rate limiting in the sequential foldin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1966
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is a major cause of serious disability due to the brain's limited capacity to regenerate damaged tissue and neuronal circuits. After ischemic injury, a multiphasic degenerative and inflammatory response is coupled with severely restricted vascular and neuronal repair, resulting in permanent functional deficits....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1905309116
更新日期:2019-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Three approaches were used to study hybridization of complementary oligodeoxynucleotides by nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (i) Fluorescein (donor) and rhodamine (acceptor) were covalently attached to the 5' ends of complementary oligodeoxynucleotides of various lengths. Upon hybridization of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.8790
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated a gene from Escherichia coli homologous to the gene encoding the Mr 83,000 Drosophila heat shock protein (hsp83). In E. coli the protein homologous to hsp83 is a heat shock protein called C62.5. The predicted amino acid sequence of C62.5 is 41% and 42% identical to the Drosophila and human hsp83 prote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.15.5177
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The membrane glycoproteins specified by herpes simplex virus are synthesized concurrently with structural viral proteins and accumulate in the cytoplasm and in the membranes lining it. Analyses of free and membranebound polyribosomes, the cytoplasmic pool of soluble proteins, and purified smooth membranes showed that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.66.3.730
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of the diverse fisheries of the world has had mixed success. While managing single species in data-rich environments has been largely effective, perhaps the greatest challenge facing fishery managers is how to deal with mixed stocks of fish with a range of life histories that reside in the same location. Be...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705169114
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations responsible for inherited disease may act by disrupting normal transcriptional splicing. Such mutations can be difficult to detect, and their effects difficult to characterize, because many lie deep within exons or introns where they may alter splice enhancers or silencers or introduce new splice acceptors o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1915608116
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Novel organismal structures in metazoans are often undergirded by complex gene regulatory networks; as such, understanding the emergence of new structures through evolution requires reconstructing the series of evolutionary steps leading to these underlying networks. Here, we reconstruct the step-by-step assembly of t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1012333108
更新日期:2011-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::The retroviral integrase protein (IN) is responsible for catalyzing a concerted integration reaction in which the two termini of linear viral DNA are joined to host DNA. To probe the potential for IN to form protein multimers, we used the yeast two-hybrid system. The coexpression of a GAL4 DNA binding domain-IN fusion...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10593
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental and anthropogenic factors often drive population declines in top predators, but how their influences may combine remains unclear. Albatrosses are particularly threatened. They breed in fast-changing environments, and their extensive foraging ranges expose them to incidental mortality (bycatch) in multipl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1618819114
更新日期:2017-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss some recent progress on the regularity theory of the elliptic Yang-Mills equation. We start with some basic properties of the elliptic Yang-Mills equation, such as Coulomb gauges, monotonicity, and curvature estimates. Next we discuss singularity of stationary Yang-Mills connections and compactness theorems...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.222494899
更新日期:2002-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Lifelong interactions between host and the ubiquitous and persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) have been proposed to contribute to the age-related decline in immunity. Prior work from us and others found some support for that idea, yet evidence that this led to increased vulnerability to other infections was not obtained....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1719451115
更新日期:2018-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Transposition of the genetically related insertion elements gamma delta and Tn3 is thought to involve two steps. In the case of transposition from one replicon to another, the first step is fusion of the parent and target replicons with the element appearing in direct orientation at the two junctions. In a subsequent ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3428
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although potassium channels play a variety of roles in shaping the electrical properties of neurons, little is known about how these channels are constituted in neurons. To examine the assembly and physiological function of A-type K+ channels in mature differentiated neurons, we have developed a highly efficient gene ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.3.1133
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the proclamation of Lowenstam and Weiner that crustaceans are the "champions of mineral mobilization and deposition of the animal kingdom," relatively few proteins from the two main calcification sites in these animals, i.e., the exoskeleton and the transient calcium storage organs, have been identified, seque...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800193105
更新日期:2008-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::An RNA-directed DNA polymerase was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia by successive purification of a particulate cytoplasmic fraction with endogenous, ribonuclease-sensitive DNA polymerase activity. Like RNA-directed DNA polymerase from mammalian type-C virus...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1309
更新日期:1974-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coordinated redistribution of sugars from mature "source" leaves to developing "sink" leaves requires tight regulation of sugar transport between cells via plasmodesmata (PD). Although fundamental to plant physiology, the mechanisms that control PD transport and thereby support development of new leaves have remai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1919196117
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::During neurogenesis of the mammalian neocortex, neural progenitor cells divide to generate daughter cells that either become neurons or remain as progenitor cells. The mouse numb (m-numb) gene encodes a membrane-associated protein that is asymmetrically localized to the apical cell membrane of dividing cortical progen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.12.6844
更新日期:2000-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding modulation of memory, as well as the mechanisms underlying memory formation, has become a key issue in neuroscience research. Previously, we found that the formation of long-term, but not short-term, memory for a nonassociative form of learning, sensitization, was modulated by the circadian clock in the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503847102
更新日期:2005-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Recent analysis of complete eukaryotic genome sequences has revealed that gene duplication has been rampant. Moreover, next to a continuous mode of gene duplication, in many eukaryotic organisms the complete genome has been duplicated in their evolutionary past. Such large-scale gene duplication events have been assoc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501102102
更新日期:2005-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein interactions allow the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to bind to cognate DNA as a homo- or a heterodimer and to participate in mediating the effects of a variety of hormones on gene transcription. Here we report a systematic study of the oligomeric state of RXR in the absence of a DNA template. We have used...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.19.8645
更新日期:1995-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Levels and subcellular distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, were studied in hamster leukocytes before and after activation with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) both in vitro and in vivo. Untreated leukocytes did not express Cx43. However, Cx43 was clearly detectable by indirect immunofluores...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.7011
更新日期:1995-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::The E26 transformation-specific (Ets-1) transcription factor is autoinhibited by a conformationally disordered serine-rich region (SRR) that transiently interacts with its DNA-binding ETS domain. In response to calcium signaling, autoinhibition is reinforced by calmodulin-dependent kinase II phosphorylation of serines...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1401891111
更新日期:2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage (phage) have attractive advantages as delivery systems compared with mammalian viruses, but have been considered poor vectors because they lack evolved strategies to confront and overcome mammalian cell barriers to infective agents. We reasoned that improved efficacy of delivery might be achieved through...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906653116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Exposures to ambient and household fine-particulate matter (PM2.5) together are among the largest single causes of premature mortality in India according to the Global Burden of Disease Studies (GBD). Several recent investigations have estimated that household emissions are the largest contributor to ambient PM2.5 exp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1900888116
更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic-cell hybrids have been shown to maintain the correct epigenetic chromatin states to study developmental globin gene expression as well as gene expression on the active and inactive X chromosomes. This suggests the potential use of somatic-cell hybrids containing either a maternal or a paternal human chromosome...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14857
更新日期:1998-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::The ionophores A23187 and bromolasalocid (Br-X537A) acted synergistically in translocating Ca(2+) from an aqueous into an organic immiscible phase or in mediating Ca(2+) transport across the organic phase, the effects obtained in the simultaneous presence of both ionophores being greater than those expected from a sum...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.279
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most marine organisms disperse via ocean currents as larvae, so it is often assumed that larval-stage duration is the primary determinant of geographic range size. However, empirical tests of this relationship have yielded mixed results, and alternative hypotheses have rarely been considered. Here we assess the relati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1304074110
更新日期:2013-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Two deletion-substitution mutations of phage lambda, spi-113 and spi-274, are shown to remove about half of the rightward operator OR. Physiological studies show that spi-113 is still repressible. Thus, the 50 or so nucleotides of OR deleted in this mutant are not absolutely essential for repression. prm-116, which in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.3.712
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00