Magnetic resonance imaging with an optical atomic magnetometer.

abstract：:Bacterial capsules are surface layers made of long-chain polysaccharides. They are anchored to the outer membrane of many Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pasteurella multocida. Capsules protect pathogens from host defenses includ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willis LM,Stupak J,Richards MR,Lowary TL,Li J,Whitfield C

更新日期：2013-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that the heavily glycosylated glycoprotein gp120 on the surface of HIV-1 shields peptide epitopes from recognition by the immune system and may promote infection in vivo by interaction with dendritic cells and transport to tissue rich in CD4(+) T cells such as lymph nodes. A conserved cluster of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang SK,Liang PH,Astronomo RD,Hsu TL,Hsieh SL,Burton DR,Wong CH

更新日期：2008-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-assembled heterocapsule 1.2, which is formed by the hydrogen bonds of tetra(4-pyridyl)-cavitand 1 and tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cavitand 2, encapsulates 1 molecule of guests such as 1,4-diacetoxybenzene 3a, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dimethylbenzene 3b, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dialkoxybenzenes (3c, OCH(3); 3d, OC(2)H(5); 3e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitagawa H,Kobori Y,Yamanaka M,Yoza K,Kobayashi K

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) catalyze the methylation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives for the synthesis of methylated plant polyphenolics, including lignin. The distinction in the extent of methylation of lignins in angiosperms and gymnosperms, mediated by substrate-specific ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li L,Popko JL,Zhang XH,Osakabe K,Tsai CJ,Joshi CP,Chiang VL

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocytes polarize by forming functionally distinct sinusoidal (basolateral) and canalicular (apical) plasma membrane domains. Two distinct routes are used for delivery of membrane proteins to the canaliculus. Proteins having glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors or single transmembrane domains are targeted to the si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wakabayashi Y,Dutt P,Lippincott-Schwartz J,Arias IM

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Dravet syndrome is a catastrophic, pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy. Disease onset occurs in the first year of life, followed by developmental delay with cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and substantially elevated risk of premature death. The majority of affected individuals harbor a loss-of-function mut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richards KL,Milligan CJ,Richardson RJ,Jancovski N,Grunnet M,Jacobson LH,Undheim EAB,Mobli M,Chow CY,Herzig V,Csoti A,Panyi G,Reid CA,King GF,Petrou S

更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origin of paired appendages propose transformation of precursor structures (gill arches and lateral fin folds) into paired fins. During development, gnathostome paired appendages form as outgrowths of body wall somatopleure, a tissue composed of somatic lateral plate mes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tulenko FJ,McCauley DW,Mackenzie EL,Mazan S,Kuratani S,Sugahara F,Kusakabe R,Burke AC

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional repressors can be classified as short- or long-range, according to their range of activity. Functional analysis of identified short-range repressors has been carried out largely in transgenic Drosophila, but it is not known whether general properties of short-range repressors are evident in other types...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ryu JR,Olson LK,Arnosti DN

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell migration and spreading involve the coordination of membrane trafficking, actomyosin contraction, and modifications to plasma membrane tension and area. The biochemical or biophysical basis for this coordination is however unknown. In this study, we show that during cell spreading, lamellipodia protrusion flatten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gauthier NC,Fardin MA,Roca-Cusachs P,Sheetz MP

更新日期：2011-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutrinos represent a new "window" to the Universe, spanning a large range of energy. We discuss the science of neutrino astrophysics and focus on two energy regimes. At "lower" energies ( approximately 1 MeV), studies of neutrinos born inside the sun, or produced in interactions of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Besson D,Cowen D,Selen M,Wiebusch C

更新日期：1999-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown recently that the temporal order of antioxidant consumption in human blood plasma exposed to a constant flux of aqueous peroxyl radicals is ascorbate = protein thiols greater than bilirubin greater than urate greater than alpha-tocopherol and that detectable lipid peroxidation starts only after ascorbate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frei B,England L,Ames BN

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To generate transgenic planarians we used a set of versatile vectors for animal transgenesis based on the promiscuous transposons, mariner, Hermes and piggyBac, and a universal enhanced GFP (EGFP) marker system with three Pax6 dimeric binding sites, the 3xP3-EGFP developed by Berghammer et al. [Berghammer, A. J., Klin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： González-Estévez C,Momose T,Gehring WJ,Saló E

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell type in Saccharomyces yeasts is regulated by two transposable blocks of DNA, the a and alpha cassettes. There are three loci where either cassette can exist. At the HML and HMR loci the cassettes are not expressed. The cassette at the MAT locus is expressed and controls the cell type. Changes of cell type involve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strathern JN,Spatola E,McGill C,Hicks JB

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated RANK (receptor activator of NF-kappaB) nullizygous mice to determine the molecular genetic interactions between osteoprotegerin, osteoprotegerin ligand, and RANK during bone resorption and remodeling processes. RANK(-/-) mice lack osteoclasts and have a profound defect in bone resorption and remodeli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li J,Sarosi I,Yan XQ,Morony S,Capparelli C,Tan HL,McCabe S,Elliott R,Scully S,Van G,Kaufman S,Juan SC,Sun Y,Tarpley J,Martin L,Christensen K,McCabe J,Kostenuik P,Hsu H,Fletcher F,Dunstan CR,Lacey DL,Boyle WJ

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:During reverse transcription of retroviral RNA, synthesis of (-) strand DNA is primed by a cellular tRNA that anneals to an 18-nt primer binding site within the 5' long terminal repeat. For (+) strand synthesis using a (-) strand DNA template linked to the tRNA primer, only the first 18 nt of tRNA are replicated to re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burnett BP,McHenry CS

更新日期：1997-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We synthesized a series of octapeptide analogs of somatostatin, containing N-terminal tryptophan or another amino acid followed by the hexapeptide sequences Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys or Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys and a C-terminal threoninamide or tryptophanamide. After purification by HPLC, the inhibitory activities of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cai RZ,Karashima T,Guoth J,Szoke B,Olsen D,Schally AV

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study C(0)a priori estimates for solutions to certain complex Monge-Ampère equations, I introduce a coherent sheaf of ideals and show that it satisfies various global algebrogeometric conditions, including a cohomology vanishing theorem. This technique is used to establish the existence of Kähler-Einstein metrics o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nadel AM

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteritis caused by Clostridium difficile toxin (Tx) is a nosocomial disease of increasing clinical concern, but the local mediators of C. difficile TxA inflammation are unknown. The potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates neurogenic inflammation via the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhargava A,Clifton MS,Mhaske P,Liao M,Pothoulakis C,Leeman SE,Grady EF

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The scaling of respiratory metabolism with body mass is one of the most pervasive phenomena in biology. Using a single allometric equation to characterize empirical scaling relationships and to evaluate alternative hypotheses about mechanisms has been controversial. We developed a method to directly measure respiratio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mori S,Yamaji K,Ishida A,Prokushkin SG,Masyagina OV,Hagihara A,Hoque AT,Suwa R,Osawa A,Nishizono T,Ueda T,Kinjo M,Miyagi T,Kajimoto T,Koike T,Matsuura Y,Toma T,Zyryanova OA,Abaimov AP,Awaya Y,Araki MG,Kawasaki T

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The term amyloid defines a group of proteins that aggregate into plaques or fibers. Amyloid fibers gained their fame mostly due to their relation with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, secreted by lower organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, amyloid fibers play a functional role: for example, when they se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lester-Zer N,Ghrayeb M,Chai L

更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:An electrophoretic karyotype of Aspergillus nidulans has been obtained using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. Six chromosomal bands were separated, with two of the bands migrating as doublets. Using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes as size standards,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brody H,Carbon J

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effect of the inhibition of initiation of DNA replication on the membrane association of the chromosomal origin of replication of Bacillus subtilis and the Staphylococcus aureus-Bacillus pumilus chimeric plasmid pSL103, using temperature-sensitive mutants of B. subtilis that have specifically affected ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Winston S,Sueoka N

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The MARCKS protein is a widely distributed cellular substrate for protein kinase C. It is a myristoylprotein that binds calmodulin and actin in a manner reversible by protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation. It is also highly expressed in nervous tissue, particularly during development. To evaluate a possible devel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stumpo DJ,Bock CB,Tuttle JS,Blackshear PJ

更新日期：1995-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Many experiments have been done to determine how far and how freely holes can move along the stack of base pairs in DNA. The results of these experiments are usually described in terms of a parameter beta under the assumption that it describes an exponential decay with distance. The reported values range from beta < 0...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conwell EM,Rakhmanova SV

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used to follow the time course of disulfide bond formation during in vitro refolding of recombinant human macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. The content of iodoacetamide-alkylated half-cystines in proteolytic peptides of trapped refolding intermediates collected at 0, 6, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Glocker MO,Arbogast B,Milley R,Cowgill C,Deinzer ML

更新日期：1994-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We present the use of our recently described multiple-loci polymorphic DNA markers ("alumorphs") for linkage mapping of the human genome. By using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with an Alu-specific primer we could reveal, in a single experiment, up to 20 genomic polymorphisms seen as the presence or absence of a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zietkiewicz E,Labuda M,Sinnett D,Glorieux FH,Labuda D

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven morphologically nontransformed (flat) revertants with reduced tumorigenicity in vivo have been isolated from populations of Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a cDNA expression library of normal human fibroblasts. Each revertant harbors 1-10 recombinant plasmids per cell and retains...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Noda M,Kitayama H,Matsuzaki T,Sugimoto Y,Okayama H,Bassin RH,Ikawa Y

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryogenesis requires the precise activation and repression of many transcriptional regulators. The Polycomb group proteins and the associated H3K27me3 histone mark are essential to maintain the inactive state of many of these genes. Mammalian Hox genes are targets of Polycomb proteins and form local 3D clusters cent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vieux-Rochas M,Fabre PJ,Leleu M,Duboule D,Noordermeer D

更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Using GFP to mark recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) in mice carrying a GFP transgene driven by the recombination-activating gene 2 promoter, we demonstrate that RTEs are readily detectable even in 2-year-old mice, despite the fact that the proportion of the peripheral T cell pool comprised of RTEs declines with age. Alth...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hale JS,Boursalian TE,Turk GL,Fink PJ

更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The 33-amino-acid ankyrin motif comprises a beta-turn followed by two anti-parallel alpha-helices and a loop and tandem arrays of the motif pack in a linear fashion to produce elongated structures characterized by short-range interactions. In this article we use site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the kinetic unf...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Werbeck ND,Rowling PJ,Chellamuthu VR,Itzhaki LS

更新日期：2008-07-22 00:00:00