Neutrinos.

abstract：:The density of benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding sites was lower in the midbrain of seizure-susceptible gerbils compared to control seizure-resistant gerbils. Binding of [3H]diazepam to high-affinity brain-specific sites in membrane homogenates of gerbil brain showed a 20-30% lower binding in mid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olsen RW,Wamsley JK,McCabe RT,Lee RJ,Lomax P

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two striking differences between humans and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, are the size of our brains (larger by a factor of three or four) and our life span (longer by a factor of about two). Our thesis is that these two distinctive features of humans are products of coevolutionary selection....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaplan HS,Robson AJ

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultural and linguistic groups are often expected to represent genetic populations. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that the hierarchical classification of languages proposed by J. Greenberg [(1987) Language in the Americas (Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA)] also represents the genetic structure of Native...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hunley K,Long JC

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells with the morphological and biochemical properties of mucosal mast cells (MMC) appear and proliferate to form the predominant cell type in rat bone marrow cultures stimulated with factors from antigen- or mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Conditioned media causing a selective proliferation of MMC were derived f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haig DM,McMenamin C,Gunneberg C,Woodbury R,Jarrett EE

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice expressing the sequences coding for the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the liver have been used as a model of the HBV chronic carrier state. We evaluated the possibility of inducing a specific immune response to the viral envelope antigens and thus potentially controlling chronic H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mancini M,Hadchouel M,Davis HL,Whalen RG,Tiollais P,Michel ML

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) at high field (3T) to track the time course of activation in the entire basal ganglia circuitry, as well as other motor-related structures, during the explicit learning of a sequence of finger movements over a month of training. Fourteen right-handed healthy volunteers had ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lehéricy S,Benali H,Van de Moortele PF,Pélégrini-Issac M,Waechter T,Ugurbil K,Doyon J

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite a growing number of ion channel genes implicated in hereditary ataxia, it remains unclear how ion channel mutations lead to loss-of-function or death of cerebellar neurons. Mutations in the gene KCNMA1, encoding the α-subunit of the BK channel have emerged as responsible for a variety of neurological phenotype...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Du X,Carvalho-de-Souza JL,Wei C,Carrasquel-Ursulaez W,Lorenzo Y,Gonzalez N,Kubota T,Staisch J,Hain T,Petrossian N,Xu M,Latorre R,Bezanilla F,Gomez CM

更新日期：2020-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV type 1 (HIV-1) uses the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 as coreceptors for entry into target cells. Here we show that the HIV-1 envelope gp120 (Env) activates multiple ionic signaling responses in primary human macrophages, which are important targets for HIV-1 in vivo. Env from both CCR5-dependent JRFL (R5) an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu QH,Williams DA,McManus C,Baribaud F,Doms RW,Schols D,De Clercq E,Kotlikoff MI,Collman RG,Freedman BD

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:When light-grown seedlings of amaranth are transferred to total darkness, synthesis of the large subunit (LS) and small subunit (SS) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [RbuP(2)Case; 3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39] is rapidly depressed. This reduction in RbuP(2)Case synthesis occurs i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berry JO,Carr JP,Klessig DF

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent single-molecule experiments reveal that mechanical tension on DNA can control both the speed and direction of the DNA polymerase motor. We present a theoretical description of this tension-induced "tuning" and "switching." The internal conformational states of the enzyme motor are represented as nodes, and the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goel A,Astumian RD,Herschbach D

更新日期：2003-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the develop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Britton GJ,Contijoch EJ,Spindler MP,Aggarwala V,Dogan B,Bongers G,San Mateo L,Baltus A,Das A,Gevers D,Borody TJ,Kaakoush NO,Kamm MA,Mitchell H,Paramsothy S,Clemente JC,Colombel JF,Simpson KW,Dubinsky MC,Grinspan A,

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphological studies have provided ample evidence for synaptic connections between cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), but the functional properties of these synapses remain elusive. We report on direct recordings of synaptically connected PCs in mice cerebellar slices. In PCs filled with a fluorescent dye to aid axon v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orduz D,Llano I

更新日期：2007-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Closed and pH-tight membrane vesicles prepared from hypocotyls of 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings of Cucurbita pepo accumulate the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid along an imposed proton gradient (pH low outside, high inside). The use of electron paramagnetic spin probes permitted quantitation both of apparen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lomax TL,Mehlhorn RJ,Briggs WR

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most human cancers are of monoclonal origin and display many genetic alterations. In an effort to determine whether clonal expansion itself could account for the large number of genetic alterations, we compared spontaneous transformation in cloned and uncloned populations of NIH 3T3 cells. We have reported that progre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow M,Rubin H

更新日期：2000-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of the two-phase (cap, no cap) macroscopic kinetic model of the end of a microtubule is reviewed. The model is then applied to a new theoretical problem, namely, the Mitchison-Kirschner [Mitchison, T. & Kirschner, M. W. (1984) Nature (London) 312, 237-242] experiment in which aggregated microtubules in solu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen Y,Hill TL

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mind wandering represents the human capacity for internally focused thought and relies upon the brain's default network and its interactions with attentional networks. Studies have characterized mind wandering in healthy people, yet there is limited understanding of how this capacity is affected in clinical population...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Callaghan C,Shine JM,Hodges JR,Andrews-Hanna JR,Irish M

更新日期：2019-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:How did human cooperation evolve? Recent evidence shows that many people are willing to engage in altruistic punishment, voluntarily paying a cost to punish noncooperators. Although this behavior helps to explain how cooperation can persist, it creates an important puzzle. If altruistic punishment provides benefits to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fowler JH

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A 1,942-base-pair DNA segment encoding the structural gene for diphtheria toxin was sequenced, and the primary structure of the toxin was deduced. Restriction enzyme fragments corresponding to nontoxic or hypotoxic peptides of the toxin were isolated from corynebacteriophage beta and cloned into Escherichia coli on pl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greenfield L,Bjorn MJ,Horn G,Fong D,Buck GA,Collier RJ,Kaplan DA

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pin1 is a modular enzyme that accelerates the cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated-Ser/Thr-Pro (pS/T-P) motifs found in numerous signaling proteins regulating cell growth and neuronal survival. We have used NMR to investigate the interaction of Pin1 with three related ligands that include a pS-P substrate peptide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Namanja AT,Wang XJ,Xu B,Mercedes-Camacho AY,Wilson KA,Etzkorn FA,Peng JW

更新日期：2011-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Long QT syndrome (LQT) is an autosomal dominant disorder that can cause sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias. We recently discovered that mutations in HERG, a K+-channel gene, cause chromosome 7-linked LQT. Heterologous expression of HERG in Xenopus oocytes revealed that HERG current was similar to a well-characteriz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanguinetti MC,Curran ME,Spector PS,Keating MT

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Large quantities of mineral dust particles are frequently ejected into the atmosphere through the action of wind. The surface of dust particles acts as a sink for many gases, such as sulfur dioxide. It is well known that under most conditions, sulfur dioxide reacts on dust particle surfaces, leading to the production ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dupart Y,King SM,Nekat B,Nowak A,Wiedensohler A,Herrmann H,David G,Thomas B,Miffre A,Rairoux P,D'Anna B,George C

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:To complete the set of synthetic analogs of the three recognized types of active sites in iron-sulfur redox proteins, the compound (Et4N)[Fe((SCH2)2C6H4)2], derived from o-xylyl-alpha,alpha'-dithiol, has been prepared and its structure has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The bischelate anion contains a near-tetr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lane RW,Ibers JA,Frankel RB,Holm RH

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inadequate resolution is the principal limitation of radiocarbon dating. However, recent work has shown that exact-year precision is attainable if use can be made of past increases in atmospheric radiocarbon concentration or so-called Miyake events. Here, this nascent method is applied to an archaeological site of pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuitems M,Panin A,Scifo A,Arzhantseva I,Kononov Y,Doeve P,Neocleous A,Dee M

更新日期：2020-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations at position 187 in secreted gelsolin enable aberrant proteolysis at the 172-173 and 243-244 amide bonds, affording the 71-residue amyloidogenic peptide deposited in Familial Amyloidosis of Finnish Type (FAF). Thermodynamic comparisons of two different domain 2 constructs were carried out to study possible ef...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratnaswamy G,Huff ME,Su AI,Rion S,Kelly JW

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A library of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers including two that are fluorescent and one glycodendrimer presenting lactose were used to construct giant dendrimersomes and glycodendrimersomes. Coassembly with the components of bacterial membrane vesicles by a dehydration-rehydration process generated giant cell-like hybrid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao Q,Yadavalli SS,Zhang S,Sherman SE,Fiorin E,da Silva L,Wilson DA,Hammer DA,André S,Gabius HJ,Klein ML,Goulian M,Percec V

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genomic concentrations of certain middle repetitive DNA sequences vary considerably among closely related species of Drosophila. In fact, the chromosomes of D. melanogaster appear to carry approximately 3 times as much middle repetitive DNA as those of the sibling species D. simulans. Although most of the middle r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dowsett AP,Young MW

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the present study was to make use of efficient molecular marker systems to reveal genetic relationships in traditional and evolved Basmati (EB) and semidwarf non-Basmati (NB) rice varieties. A subset of three rice groups was analyzed by using 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and 12 inter-SSR-PCR p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagaraju J,Kathirvel M,Kumar RR,Siddiq EA,Hasnain SE

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The heat shock protein (Hsp)70 family of molecular chaperones interacts with unfolded proteins through a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD) that is controlled by nucleotide binding to the N-terminal domain. The ATPase cycle is regulated by cochaperones, including DnaJ proteins that accelerate ATP hydrolysis to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Awad W,Estrada I,Shen Y,Hendershot LM

更新日期：2008-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATR (ATM- and rad3-related)-mediated checkpoint pathway has a crucial role in regulating the cellular responses to DNA damage and DNA-replication stress. ATRIP (ATR-interacting protein), the regulatory partner of ATR, binds directly to replication protein A (RPA)-coated ssDNA and enables the ATR-ATRIP complex to r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Namiki Y,Zou L

更新日期：2006-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cyanobacteria alter their phycobilisome composition in response to changes in light wavelength in a process termed complementary chromatic adaptation. Mutant strains FdR1 and FdR2 of the filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon are characterized by aberrant chromatic adaptation. Instead of adjusting to di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chiang GG,Schaefer MR,Grossman AR

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00