Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning.

abstract：:The human papillomavirus E7 protein is phosphorylated at the two serines in positions 31/32, which are part of a consensus sequence for casein kinase II (CKII). In this study, we have investigated the effect of CKII phosphorylation site mutations, all of which lead to unphosphorylated E7 proteins. The replacement of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Firzlaff JM,Lüscher B,Eisenman RN

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human activities have increased N availability dramatically in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Extensive research demonstrates that local plant species diversity generally declines in response to nutrient enrichment, yet the mechanisms for this decline remain unclear. Based on an analysis of >900 species responses...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suding KN,Collins SL,Gough L,Clark C,Cleland EE,Gross KL,Milchunas DG,Pennings S

更新日期：2005-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We have carried out free energy perturbation calculations on DNA double-stranded hexanucleotides. The sequence d(CGCGCG)2 has been "mutated" into d(CGTGCG).d(CGCACG) with the oligonucleotide in the A, B, and Z structural forms, both in vacuo and in aqueous solution. In addition, model free energy calculations have bee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dang LX,Pearlman DA,Kollman PA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by following a process of vesicle docking and exocytosis. Although these steps are well established, it has been difficult to observe and measure these rates directly in living synapses. Here, by combining the direct imaging of single synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons, I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zenisek D

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Argonaute (Ago) proteins are the key component of the RNA-induced silencing complex and mediate RNA interference (RNAi) in association with small RNAs. Although overall the mechanism of RNAi is well understood, many molecular details of this complex process are not. Here we report about in-depth steady-state and, in p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deerberg A,Willkomm S,Restle T

更新日期：2013-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of glycogen metabolism is critical for the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis in mammals. Glycogen synthase, the enzyme responsible for glycogen production, is regulated by multisite phosphorylation in yeast and mammals. We have previously identified PAS kinase as a physiological regulator of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilson WA,Skurat AV,Probst B,de Paoli-Roach A,Roach PJ,Rutter J

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The human MHC represents the strongest susceptibility locus for autoimmune diseases. However, the identification of the true predisposing gene(s) has been handicapped by the strong linkage disequilibrium across the region. Furthermore, most studies to date have been limited to the examination of a subset of the HLA an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： International MHC and Autoimmunity Genetics Network.,Rioux JD,Goyette P,Vyse TJ,Hammarström L,Fernando MM,Green T,De Jager PL,Foisy S,Wang J,de Bakker PI,Leslie S,McVean G,Padyukov L,Alfredsson L,Annese V,Hafler DA,Pan-

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cycle checkpoints appear to contribute to an increase in cell survival and a decrease in abnormal heritable genetic changes following exposure to DNA damaging agents. Though several radiation-sensitive yeast mutants have been identified, little is known about the genes that control these responses in mammalian ce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuerbitz SJ,Plunkett BS,Walsh WV,Kastan MB

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A synthetic 67-nt RNA substrate, containing a 32P-labeled cap-1 structure (m7G32pppGm) was specifically cleaved by the influenza virus RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) to yield a single capped 11-nt fragment capable of directly priming transcription. An analysis of systematic truncations of this RNA substrate demonstrated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung TD,Cianci C,Hagen M,Terry B,Matthews JT,Krystal M,Colonno RJ

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The reproductive activity of Trypanosoma lewisi was strikingly enhanced and sometimes prolonged for 2 days when sublethal doses of adenine were given to rats. The drug was effective when given for 5 or 7 days in the diet and/or intraperitoneally, starting one or two days before infection through two days after infecti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taliaferro WH,D'Alesandro PA

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis has an overall error rate of approximately 10(-4) for each mRNA codon translated. The fidelity of translation is mainly determined by two events: synthesis of cognate amino acid:tRNA pairs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and accurate selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) by the ribosome. To e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds NM,Ling J,Roy H,Banerjee R,Repasky SE,Hamel P,Ibba M

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Norton JJ,Lee DS,Lee JW,Lee W,Kwon O,Won P,Jung SY,Cheng H,Jeong JW,Akce A,Umunna S,Na I,Kwon YH,Wang XQ,Liu Z,Paik U,Huang Y,Bretl T,Yeo WH,Rogers JA

更新日期：2015-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that perceived pain intensity can influence placebo analgesia was tested. One hundred and seven subjects rated their pain from from 0 to 10 on a visual analog scale after a standard wisdom tooth extraction. The expected course of such postoperative pain in the absence of therapy or placebo is a steady i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine JD,Gordon NC,Bornstein JC,Fields HL

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The data reported here demonstrate that a preparation extracted from nonpathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and hereafter referred to as interphase material protected mice against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, L-1210 leukemia, and another syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. Furthermore, mice treated by this ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamensans A,Chedid L,Lederer E,Rosselet JP,Gustafson RH,Spencer HJ,Ludwig B,Berger FM

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the differentiation potential of precursor cells within the developing spinal cord of mice and have shown that spinal cord cells from embryonic day 10 specifically give rise to neurons when plated onto an astrocytic monolayer, Ast-1. These neurons had the morphology of motor neurons and > 83% expr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richards LJ,Murphy M,Dutton R,Kilpatrick TJ,Puche AC,Key B,Tan SS,Talman PS,Bartlett PF

更新日期：1995-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Euarthropoda is one of the best-preserved fossil animal groups and has been the most diverse animal phylum for over 500 million years. Fossil Konservat-Lagerstätten, such as Burgess Shale-type deposits (BSTs), show the evolution of the euarthropod stem lineage during the Cambrian from 518 million years ago (Ma). The s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daley AC,Antcliffe JB,Drage HB,Pates S

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Schiff bases of the diamines 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, and cadaverine and the polyamines spermidine and spermine with pyridoxal or pyridoxal phosphate occur in human urine, as shown by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric selected ion-monitoring techniques. By use of synthetic standards, procedures were devise...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aigner-Held R,Campbell RA,Daves GD Jr

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two new forms of carboxypeptidase B have been isolated from spontaneously activated bovine pancreatic juice. The fully active enzymes contain an internal split at residues 92-93 and 95-96, respectively. Sequenator analysis of the amino terminal segments of the two chains of the enzyme has extended the sequence informa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeck GR,Walsh KA,Hermodson MA,Neurath H

更新日期：1971-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Y chromosomes are different from other chromosomes because of a lack of recombination. Until now, complete sequence information of Y chromosomes has been available only for some primates, although considerable information is available for other organisms, e.g., several species of Drosophila. Here, we report the gene o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamato KT,Ishizaki K,Fujisawa M,Okada S,Nakayama S,Fujishita M,Bando H,Yodoya K,Hayashi K,Bando T,Hasumi A,Nishio T,Sakata R,Yamamoto M,Yamaki A,Kajikawa M,Yamano T,Nishide T,Choi SH,Shimizu-Ueda Y,Hanajiri T,Sa

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates by double-stranded RNA is caused by the inactivation of IF-3, an initiation factor required for the recycling of ribosomes and for their binding to messenger RNA. The evidence for this is that (i) the inhibition can be overcome by addition of exogenous If-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaempfer R,Kaufman J

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The estrogen receptor (E2R) from rabbit uterus has an enhanced affinity for BrdUrd-substituted DNA compared to unsubstituted DNA. Increasing levels of BrdUrd substitution (from 0 to 100%) in a DNA sample are associated with increasingly tighter binding of E2R to that DNA as measured by equilibrium competition experime...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kallos J,Fasy TM,Hollander VP,Bick MD

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein that is encoded by a multigene family. It is generally believed that this gene family is subject to concerted evolution, which homogenizes the member genes of the family. However, protein homogeneity can be attained also by strong purifying selection. We therefore studied the pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nei M,Rogozin IB,Piontkivska H

更新日期：2000-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a technique for transferring electrophoretically separated bands of RNA from an agarose gel to paper strips. The RNA is coupled covalently to diazobenzyloxymethyl groups on the paper. After transfer and appropriate treatment of the paper to destroy remaining diazo groups, specific RNA bands can be detected...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alwine JC,Kemp DJ,Stark GR

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How much free energy is irreversibly lost during a thermodynamic process? For deterministic protocols, lower bounds on energy dissipation arise from the thermodynamic friction associated with pushing a system out of equilibrium in finite time. Recent work has also bounded the cost of precisely moving a single degree o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bryant SJ,Machta BB

更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:When either the homologous RNA (avian myeloblastosis virus RNA) or a heterologous RNA (poliovirus RNA) was used as a template, the anticomplementary DNA synthesized in vitro by avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) was primed by fragments of the original...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Myers JC,Dobkin C,Spiegelman S

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus contains a map that represents the visual field, whereas the underlying intermediate gray layer contains a vector map of the saccades that shift the direction of gaze. These two maps are aligned so that a particular region of the visual field is represented directl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee PH,Helms MC,Augustine GJ,Hall WC

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A decade ago, it seemed rational that our rapidly increasing knowledge of the molecular identities of tumor antigens and a deeper understanding of basic immunology would point the way to an effective therapeutic cancer vaccine. Significant progress has been made, but we do not yet have a cancer vaccine that can reliab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis JJ

更新日期：2004-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:GB virus B (GBV-B), which infects tamarins, is the virus most closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV has a protein (p7) that is believed to form an ion channel. It is critical for viability. In vitro studies suggest that GBV-B has an analogous but larger protein (p13). We found that substitutions of the -1 an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takikawa S,Engle RE,Emerson SU,Purcell RH,St Claire M,Bukh J

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:For almost a century, alcohols have been thought to produce their effects by actions on the membrane lipids of central nervous system neurons--the well known "lipid theory" of alcohol action. The rationale for this theory is the correlation of potency with oil/water or membrane/buffer partition coefficient. Although a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li C,Peoples RW,Weight FF

更新日期：1994-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The electrical currents at the surface of the proximal portion of an isolated and transected lamprey spinal cord were measured with an extracellular vibrating probe. Soon after transection, currents of about 0.5 mA/cm2 enter the cut surface of the spinal cord. These currents fall to about a quarter of their initial va...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borgens RB,Jaffe LF,Cohen MJ

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00