Abstract:
:Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide high-fidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant thermal, electrical, or mechanical loading of the skin. Experimental and computational studies establish the fundamental aspects of the bending and stretching mechanics that enable this type of intimate integration on the highly irregular and textured surfaces of the auricle. Cell level tests and thermal imaging studies establish the biocompatibility and wearability of such systems, with examples of high-quality measurements over periods of 2 wk with devices that remain mounted throughout daily activities including vigorous exercise, swimming, sleeping, and bathing. Demonstrations include a text speller with a steady-state visually evoked potential-based brain-computer interface and elicitation of an event-related potential (P300 wave).
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Norton JJ,Lee DS,Lee JW,Lee W,Kwon O,Won P,Jung SY,Cheng H,Jeong JW,Akce A,Umunna S,Na I,Kwon YH,Wang XQ,Liu Z,Paik U,Huang Y,Bretl T,Yeo WH,Rogers JAdoi
10.1073/pnas.1424875112subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-31 00:00:00pages
3920-5issue
13eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1424875112journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract::When the human cDNA, isolated on the basis of homology to the murine carbonic anhydrase (CA) "Y" was expressed in COS cells, the human CA was targeted to and processed in mitochondria, as expected for CA-V. However, tissue distribution reported for the corresponding mouse CA Y mRNA was much more limited than that repo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10330
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Coagulation factor V is a high molecular weight plasma glycoprotein that participates as a cofactor in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by factor Xa. A phage lambda gt11 Hep G2 cell cDNA expression library was screened by using an affinity-purified antibody to human factor V, and 11 positive clones were isola...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.18.6800
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In autotrophically grown Chlorella cells, glucose induces a hexose transport system but, at the same time, the synthesis of two amino acid transport systems is also induced. Thus, the rates of uptake of glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, and L-serine, all of which compete with each other for entry into the cells, increase...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3591
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and convenient method has been devised to determine the binding sites for proteins on RNA. The procedure is an adaptation of one used to map DNA-protein complexes by protection against nuclease digestion. The method uses the cytotoxic ribonuclease alpha-sarcin, which hydrolyzes purines in both single- and doub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.2.322
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early events in both T-cell receptor (CD3)- and CD4-induced signal transduction pathways include tyrosine phosphorylation of protein substrates, the generation of phosphatidylinositol-phosphate breakdown products, and the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. Oxidative stress in T cells mediated by sulfhydryl-reactive n...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.1.300
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila macronucleus exist as free linear 21-kilobase molecules that contain replication origins and telomeres. A mutation in this gene confers resistance to the antibiotic paromomycin. We have isolated rDNA from such a mutant (strain p2f), microinjected it into the ma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.12.4369
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated two recombinant cDNAs whose corresponding RNAs have an increased abundance in scrapie-infected hamster brain. DNA sequence analysis has shown that these two recombinants represent the genes for sulfated glycoprotein 2 and transferrin. The abundance of sulfated glycoprotein 2 RNA is increased in hippoc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.7260
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A five-helix secondary structural model is proposed for eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5S rRNA. All available sequence data are consistent with this model including those from Chlorella 5S rRNA whose sequence is revised by data included here. Various architectural features of eukaryotic 5S rRNA are summarized in terms of this...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.4.2150
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified a plant-specific gene, COST1 (constitutively stressed 1), that is required for normal plant growth but negatively regulates droug...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1918539117
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Climate warming is expected to mobilize northern permafrost and peat organic carbon (PP-C), yet magnitudes and system specifics of even current releases are poorly constrained. While part of the PP-C will degrade at point of thaw to CO2 and CH4 to directly amplify global warming, another part will enter the fluvial ne...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1811797116
更新日期:2019-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::The numbers and proportion of neurons in areas and regions of cortex were determined for a single cortical hemisphere from two prosimian galagos, one New World owl monkey, one Old World macaque monkey, and one baboon. The results suggest that there is a common plan of cortical organization across the species examined ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1010356107
更新日期:2010-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridoma technology was used for preparation of murine monoclonal antibodies of high titer against bone-Gla protein and osteonectin. A procedure of immunization and hybridization similar to that already described [Katzmann, J.A., Nesheim, M.E., Hibbard, L.S. & Mann, K.G. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 162-166;...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.9.2868
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin becomes reorganized during mitosis each cell cycle. To identify genes potentially involved in these supramolecular events, we have used a colony-color assay to screen temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When a sequence that mediates attachment to the nuclear matrix in vitro was inserte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5623
更新日期:1993-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the iPLA2-VIA/PLA2G6 gene are responsible for PARK14-linked Parkinson's disease (PD) with α-synucleinopathy. However, it is unclear how iPLA2-VIA mutations lead to α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation and dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration. Here, we report that iPLA2-VIA-deficient Drosophila exhibits defects ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1902958116
更新日期:2019-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway and functions by activating the cell surface death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5). TRAIL is nontoxic in vivo and preferentially kills neoplastically transformed cells over normal cells by an unde...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.030545097
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Several yeast activators are phosphorylated by SRB10, a cyclin-dependent kinase associated with the transcriptional machinery. Sites of phosphorylation are found outside the activating region in each case, and the modification has different physiological consequences in different cases. We show here that certain acidi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.232573899
更新日期:2002-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::C1q, a member of the immune complement cascade, is implicated in the selective pruning of synapses by microglial phagocytosis. C1q-mediated synapse elimination has been shown to occur during brain development, while increased activation and complement-dependent synapse loss is observed in neurodegenerative diseases. H...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1722613115
更新日期:2018-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases plasma viremia below the limits of detection in the majority of HIV-infected individuals, thus serving to slow disease progression. However, HAART targets only actively replicating virus and is unable to eliminate latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells. Such in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1302634110
更新日期:2013-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ellagic acids, four naturally occurring plant phenols, inhibit the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha, 10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2), the only known ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.18.5513
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test for direct and indirect effects of a top predator on three lower trophic levels, we conducted two multiyear predator addition experiments in a tropical wet forest. Periodic additions of a top predator (predatory clerid beetle) to a wet forest understory shrub caused a reduction in the predatory beetle's prey (...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5072
更新日期:1999-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Among the 15 extracellular domains of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R), domain 11 has evolved a binding site for IGF2 to negatively regulate ligand bioavailability and mammalian growth. Despite the highly evolved structural loops of the IGF2:domain 11 binding site, affinity-enh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1513023113
更新日期:2016-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Postnatal development and adult function of the central nervous system are dependent on the capacity of neurons to effect long-term changes of specific properties in response to neural activity. This neuronal response has been demonstrated to be tightly correlated with the expression of a set of regulatory genes which...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2317
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::The region of human chromosome 22q11 is prone to rearrangements. The resulting chromosomal abnormalities are involved in Velo-cardio-facial and DiGeorge syndromes (VCFS and DGS) (deletions), "cat eye" syndrome (duplications), and certain types of tumors (translocations). As a prelude to the development of mouse models...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14608
更新日期:1997-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Selective therapeutics for nuclear receptors would revolutionize treatment for endocrine disease. Specific control of nuclear receptor activity is challenging because the internal cavities that bind hormones can be virtually identical. Only one highly selective hormone analog is known for the thyroid receptor, GC-24, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2136689100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 knockout (Trex1-/-) mice suffer from systemic inflammation caused largely by chronic activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase-interferon regulatory factor 3 (cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3) signaling pathway. We showed previously that Trex1-def...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1611113114
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis. Studies on the number of amino acids necessary to produce a foldable and catalytically active polypeptide have shown that a basis set of 7-13 amino acids is sufficient to build major structural elements of modern proteins. Hence, the reasons for...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1717100115
更新日期:2018-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::The output of the cerebellar cortex is controlled by two main inputs, (i.e., the climbing fiber and mossy fiber-parallel fiber pathway) and activations of these inputs elicit characteristic effects in its Purkinje cells: that is, the so-called complex spikes and simple spikes. Target neurons of the Purkinje cells in t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907118107
更新日期:2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::The 72-kDa spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Src-family kinase p53/56Lyn (Lyn) contribute to signaling via the B-cell antigen receptor complex. Here we show that Syk and Lyn from human B lymphocytes can interact directly. Syk and Lyn coimmunoprecipitated from mature and activated B-cell lines, and gel-purified Syk and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.2.359
更新日期:1995-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::The configurations of the hydrocarbon chains in micelles are severely constrained by the space-filling requirements of the chain segments, by the continuity of the chains, and by the micellar geometry. A statistical theory that takes full account of these constraints is developed by using a lattice model. The chain en...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.2.676
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper shows that the most predictable components of internal variability in coupled atmosphere-ocean models are remarkably similar to the most predictable components of climate models without interactive ocean dynamics (i.e., models whose ocean is represented by a 50-m-deep slab ocean mixed layer with no interact...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1614085114
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00