Functional- and abundance-based mechanisms explain diversity loss due to N fertilization.

abstract：:Type II platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH (II)] is an N-myristoylated enzyme that contains a lipase/esterase catalytic motif and selectively hydrolyzes the sn-2 acetyl ester of PAF and other short-chain acyl groups attached to phosphoglycerides. However, the physiological role of this enzyme remains t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inoue T,Sugimoto A,Suzuki Y,Yamamoto M,Tsujimoto M,Inoue K,Aoki J,Arai H

更新日期：2004-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphoprotein (NS) of vesicular stomatitis virus is an indispensable subunit of the virion-associated RNA polymerase (L). NS consists of a highly acidic NH2-terminal domain and a basic COOH-terminal domain. Unlike the latter, the amino acid sequences of the NH2-terminal regions are highly dissimilar among differe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chattopadhyay D,Banerjee AK

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF), which binds to the CACCC box in the beta-globin promoter, is required for the expression of the beta-globin gene in adult erythroid cells. It was recently demonstrated that EKLF is also required for the activity of the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) 5'HS3. Some evidence su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JS,Lee CH,Chung JH

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The supernatant fluid (conditioned medium) of cultured human vascular endothelial cells inhibits activation of Hageman factor (factor XII), whether by ellagic acid, bovine brain sulfatides, or bismuth subgallate; inhibition appears to be a property of one or more proteins in the culture supernates. This phenomenon may...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratnoff OD,Everson B,Embury P,Ziats NP,Anderson JM,Emanuelson MM,Malemud CJ

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Less than 100 cis-regulatory DNAs have been characterized in the context of transgenic metazoan embryos. Here we investigate the feasibility of conducting a genome-wide search for tissue-specific enhancers in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. A total of 138 random genomic DNA fragments with an average size of 1.7 kb we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harafuji N,Keys DN,Levine M

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular junctions are essentially modified electrodes familiar to electrochemists where the electrolyte is replaced by a conducting "contact." It is generally hypothesized that changing molecular structure will alter system energy levels leading to a change in the transport barrier. Here, we show the conductance of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sayed SY,Fereiro JA,Yan H,McCreery RL,Bergren AJ

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the participation of genomic regulatory events in the response of the songbird brain to a natural auditory stimulus of known physiological and behavioral relevance, birdsong. Using in situ hybridization, we detected a rapid increase in forebrain mRNA levels of an immediate-early gene encoding a transcr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mello CV,Vicario DS,Clayton DF

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a pathogenic mediator in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disease states, including the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. We have examined post-mortem brain tissues collected from patients previously diagnosed with MS,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bagasra O,Michaels FH,Zheng YM,Bobroski LE,Spitsin SV,Fu ZF,Tawadros R,Koprowski H

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrieval of recently acquired declarative memories depends on the hippocampus, but with time, retrieval is increasingly sustainable by neocortical representations alone. This process has been conceptualized as system-level consolidation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed over the course of thre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takashima A,Petersson KM,Rutters F,Tendolkar I,Jensen O,Zwarts MJ,McNaughton BL,Fernández G

更新日期：2006-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The elucidation of the mechanisms of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules has stimulated the search for nonreplicative vectors that could deliver CD8+ T cell epitopes to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells to trigger the activation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saron MF,Fayolle C,Sebo P,Ladant D,Ullmann A,Leclerc C

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measures of complexity derived from ergodic theory of dynamical systems were developed and applied to an exemplary data set describing locomotor movements of rats in a bounded space. A symbolic dynamical system was obtained by partitioning the event space into equally probable partition elements, using a k-dimensional...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulus MP,Geyer MA,Gold LH,Mandell AJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biodistribution studies of a water-soluble radioactive metallofullerene compound have been conducted using BALB/c mice. To this end, a sample containing Hox@C82 (x = 1, 2) was purified and derivatized to prepare the water-soluble metallofullerol, Hox@C82(OH)y. This metallofullerol was then neutron-activated (165Ho[n,g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cagle DW,Kennel SJ,Mirzadeh S,Alford JM,Wilson LJ

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) oxygenates arachidonic acid (AA) and its ester analog, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), to prostaglandins (PGs) and prostaglandin glyceryl esters (PG-Gs), respectively. Although the efficiency of oxygenation of these substrates by COX-2 in vitro is similar, cellular biosynthesis of PGs far excee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitchener MM,Hermanson DJ,Shockley EM,Brown HA,Lindsley CW,Reese J,Rouzer CA,Lopez CF,Marnett LJ

更新日期：2015-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze almost all β-lactam antibiotics and are unaffected by clinically available β-lactamase inhibitors (βLIs). Active-site architecture divides MBLs into three classes (B1, B2, and B3), complicating development of βLIs effective against all enzymes. Bisthiazolidines (BTZs) are carboxyl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hinchliffe P,González MM,Mojica MF,González JM,Castillo V,Saiz C,Kosmopoulou M,Tooke CL,Llarrull LI,Mahler G,Bonomo RA,Vila AJ,Spencer J

更新日期：2016-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-organization of multicomponent tetrarosette assemblies into ordered nanostructures on graphite surfaces has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Real-space information on the level of individual molecules allowed us to analyze the underlying structure in unprecedented detail. In highly ordered nanor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schönherr H,Paraschiv V,Zapotoczny S,Crego-Calama M,Timmerman P,Frank CW,Vancso GJ,Reinhoudt DN

更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Global activation of the embryonic genome is the most critical event in early mammalian development. After fertilization, a rich supply of maternal proteins and RNAs support development whereas a number of zygotic and embryonic genes are expressed in a stage-specific manner leading to embryonic genome activation (EGA)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Misirlioglu M,Page GP,Sagirkaya H,Kaya A,Parrish JJ,First NL,Memili E

更新日期：2006-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can mediate transfer of proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs, but their role in the transmission of infectious agents is less established. Recent studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramakrishnaiah V,Thumann C,Fofana I,Habersetzer F,Pan Q,de Ruiter PE,Willemsen R,Demmers JA,Stalin Raj V,Jenster G,Kwekkeboom J,Tilanus HW,Haagmans BL,Baumert TF,van der Laan LJ

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide evidence for an interaction between mouse class I major histocompatibility complex antigens and insulin receptors. Antibodies against class I but not class II major histocompatibility complex antigens immunoprecipitate photoaffinity-labeled hepatic insulin receptors. Haplotype specificity is demonstrated by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Phillips ML,Moule ML,Delovitch TL,Yip CC

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus after cell mating in hypotrichs all the genes (approximately 20,000) are excised from micronuclear chromosomes as individual small DNA molecules. Telomeres are added to the ends of each gene-sized molecule and each is amplified, mostly by approximately 1000-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greslin AF,Prescott DM,Oka Y,Loukin SH,Chappell JC

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate yeast sex chromosome evolution by comparing genome sequences from 16 species in the family Saccharomycetaceae, including data from genera Tetrapisispora, Kazachstania, Naumovozyma, and Torulaspora. We show that although most yeast species contain a mating-type (MAT) locus and silent HML and HMR loci str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gordon JL,Armisén D,Proux-Wéra E,ÓhÉigeartaigh SS,Byrne KP,Wolfe KH

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:How climate change influences the dynamics of plant populations is not well understood, as few plant studies have measured responses of vital rates to climatic variables and modeled the impact on population growth. The present study used 25 y of demographic data to analyze how survival, growth, and fecundity respond t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Campbell DR

更新日期：2019-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates motivated behavior by, in part, processing excitatory synaptic projections from several brain regions. Among these regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala, convey executive control and affective states, respectively. Whereas glutamatergic synaptic transmissio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suska A,Lee BR,Huang YH,Dong Y,Schlüter OM

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Tropical forests hold most of Earth's biodiversity. Their continued loss through deforestation and agriculture is the main threat to species globally, more than disease, invasive species, and climate change. However, not all tropical forests have the same ability to sustain biodiversity. Those that have been disturbed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hedges SB,Cohen WB,Timyan J,Yang Z

更新日期：2018-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is an important mediator of diabetic nephropathy. We showed previously that short-term treatment with a neutralizing monoclonal anti-TGF-beta antibody (alphaT) in streptozotocin-diabetic mice prevents early changes of renal hypertrophy and incr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ziyadeh FN,Hoffman BB,Han DC,Iglesias-De La Cruz MC,Hong SW,Isono M,Chen S,McGowan TA,Sharma K

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The broad negative consequences of habitat degradation on biodiversity have been studied, but the complex effects of natural-agricultural landscape matrices remain poorly understood. Here we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to detect changes in mammal resource and habitat use and trophic structure between pres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Magioli M,Moreira MZ,Fonseca RCB,Ribeiro MC,Rodrigues MG,Ferraz KMPMB

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are synthases required to build the essential peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall surrounding most bacterial cells. The mechanisms regulating the activity of these enzymes to control PG synthesis remain surprisingly poorly defined given their status as key antibiotic targets. Several years ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greene NG,Fumeaux C,Bernhardt TG

更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasmas require an external source of sterol for growth. For Mycoplasma capricolum this requirement is met not only by cholesterol but also by the methylcholestane derivatives lanosterol, cycloartenol, 4,4-dimethylcholesterol, and 4beta-methylcholestanol. Cholesteryl methyl ether and 3alpha-methylcholestanol serve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Odriozola JM,Waitzkin E,Smith TL,Bloch K

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional asymmetric PCR is inefficient and difficult to optimize because limiting the concentration of one primer lowers its melting temperature below the reaction annealing temperature. Linear-After-The-Exponential (LATE)-PCR describes a new paradigm for primer design that renders assays as efficient as symmetric...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanchez JA,Pierce KE,Rice JE,Wangh LJ

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloidal and sol-gel procedures have been used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts consisting of platinum metal particles with narrow size distributions and well defined shapes dispersed on high-surface-area silica supports. The overall procedure was developed in three stages. First, tetrahedral and cubic colloidal me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee I,Morales R,Albiter MA,Zaera F

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-based hydrogels have emerged as promising alternatives to synthetic hydrogels for biomedical applications, owing to the precise control of structure and function enabled by protein engineering. Nevertheless, strategies for assembling 3D molecular networks that carry the biological information encoded in full-l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun F,Zhang WB,Mahdavi A,Arnold FH,Tirrell DA

更新日期：2014-08-05 00:00:00