Abstract:
:The broad negative consequences of habitat degradation on biodiversity have been studied, but the complex effects of natural-agricultural landscape matrices remain poorly understood. Here we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to detect changes in mammal resource and habitat use and trophic structure between preserved areas and human-modified landscapes (HMLs) in a biodiversity hot spot in South America. We classified mammals into trophic guilds and compared resource use (in terms of C3- and C4-derived carbon), isotopic niches, and trophic structure across the 2 systems. In HMLs, approximately one-third of individuals fed exclusively on items from the agricultural matrix (C4), while in preserved areas, ∼68% depended on forest remnant resources (C3). Herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores were the guilds that most incorporated C4 carbon in HMLs. Frugivores maintained the same resource use between systems (C3 resources), while insectivores showed no significant difference. All guilds in HMLs except insectivores presented larger isotopic niches than those in preserved areas. We observed a complex trophic structure in preserved areas, with increasing δ15N values from herbivores to insectivores and carnivores, differing from that in HMLs. This difference is partially explained by species loss and turnover and mainly by the behavioral plasticity of resilient species that use nitrogen-enriched food items. We concluded that the landscape cannot be seen as a habitat/nonhabitat dichotomy because the agricultural landscape matrix in HMLs provides mammal habitat and opportunities for food acquisition. Thus, favorable management of the agricultural matrix and slowing the conversion of forests to agriculture are important for conservation in this region.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Magioli M,Moreira MZ,Fonseca RCB,Ribeiro MC,Rodrigues MG,Ferraz KMPMBdoi
10.1073/pnas.1904384116subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-10 00:00:00pages
18466-18472issue
37eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1904384116journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Toll like receptors (TLRs) use Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapters, such as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), to induce activation of transcription factors, including NF-κB, MAP kinases, and IFN regulatory factors. TLR sign...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1118579109
更新日期:2012-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate release activates multiple receptors that interact with each other and thus determine the response of the cell. Exploring these interactions is critical to developing an understanding of the functional consequences of synaptic transmission. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) inhibits N-m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.3.1200
更新日期:1996-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate primary cilium is a Hedgehog signaling center but the extent of its involvement in other signaling systems is less well understood. This report delineates a mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor (FGF) controls primary cilia. Employing proteomic approaches to characterize proteins associated with the F...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1800338116
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular imbalance in the levels of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species resulting in apoptosis is directly associated with a number of parasitic infections, aging, and several genetic and multifactorial diseases. The baculovirus AcNPV-encoded antiapoptotic p35 gene prevents apoptosis induced by a variety of apopt...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4838
更新日期:1999-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Two mutations are described that alter the pattern of inheritance of chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas. The mutant gene mat-1 linked to the mating type allele mt(-) greatly increases the frequency of exceptional zygotes, i.e., zygotes that transmit chloroplast genes from the mt(-) (male) parent. In some crosses, 80-9...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.12.4698
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A tandemly repeated DNA sequence organized predominantly, if not entirely, in a specific manner on the human X chromosome has been cloned in pBR322 and characterized. The sequence was detected as a 2-kilobase band in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels of BamHI-digested total human nuclear DNA. Although in situ hybr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.21.6593
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have shown that individuals from invasive populations of many different plant species grow larger than individuals from native populations and that this difference has a genetic basis. This increased vigor in invasive populations is thought to be due to life history tradeoffs, in which selection favors th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808434106
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ growth and tumorigenesis. In Drosophila, oncogenic RasV12 cooperates with loss-of-cell polarity to promote Hippo pathway-dependent tumor growth. To identify additional factors that modulate this signaling, we performed a genetic screen utilizing the D...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2013449117
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether the regulatory protein of an inducible operon for a catabolic pathway is a positive or a negative element in the control of expression is correlated with the frequent or infrequent presence, respectively, of the system's substrate in the natural environment. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2453
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1805802115
更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Let T(k) (epsilon)(lambda; t(1),..., t(k)) = rho(X(t) (1))q(epsilon)(X(t) (2) - X(t) (1))... q(epsilon)(X(t(k) ) - X(t(k) )-1), where X(t) is a Brownian motion in R(2), lambda(dx) = rho(x)dx, and q(epsilon) converges to Dirac's delta function as epsilon downward arrow 0. The self-intersection local times of order k ar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.11.3575
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agonist binding to the muscarinic receptor in rat cerebral cortex membranes was studied by using the neurotransmitter itself, [3H]acetylcholine [( 3H]AcCho). By using 10 microM atropine or oxotremorine to define specific binding, it was possible to demonstrate specific binding of [3H]AcCho that was sensitive to muscar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.12.3650
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::beta-catenin has functions as both an adhesion and a signaling molecule. Disruption of these functions through mutations of the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) may be important in the development of colorectal tumors. We examined the entire coding sequence of beta-catenin by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and direct se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10330
更新日期:1997-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::A transcription factor required for synthesis of accurately initiated run-off transcripts by RNA polymerase II has been purified and shown to have an associated DNA-dependent ATPase (dATPase) activity that is strongly stimulated by the TATA region of promoters. This transcription factor, designated delta, was purified...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7356
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ski8p is implicated in degradation of non-poly(A) and double-stranded RNA, and in meiotic DNA recombination. We have identified the Sordaria macrospora SKI8 gene. Ski8p is cytoplasmically localized in all vegetative and sexual cycle cells, and is nuclear localized, specifically in early-mid-meiotic prophase, in tempor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2034282100
更新日期:2003-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of sensory systems has let mammals develop complicated tactile end organs to enable sophisticated sensory tasks, including social interaction, environmental exploration, and tactile discrimination. The Merkel disc, a main type of tactile end organ consisting of Merkel cells (MCs) and Aβ-afferent endings,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1610176113
更新日期:2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Helping and sharing among humans is often motivated by empathy and accompanied by a sense of satisfaction. To determine whether similar self-rewarding mechanisms may underpin assistance among nonhuman primates, eight female brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) underwent testing in a simple choice paradigm. Paired wit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807060105
更新日期:2008-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::The polypeptide precursor pr76 to the internal viral group specific (gs) antigen proteins of Rous sarcoma virus, synthesized in a cell-free system of ascites cells, has been processed in vitro into the viral proteins by purified viral protein p15 as well as by disrupted Rous sarcoma virus. Disrupted Rauscher murine le...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.911
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase a (1,4-alpha-D-glucan:orthophosphate alpha-glucosyltransferase, EC2.4.1.1.) has been positioned on the protomer with x-ray diffraction data, chemical markers, and sequence information. The electron density was computed from 3.0-A resolution phases calculate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.4757
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ARGONAUTE (AGO) RNA-binding proteins are involved in RNA silencing. They bind to short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) through a conserved PAZ domain, and, in animals, they assemble into a multisubunit RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The mammalian AGO2, termed Slicer, directs siRNA- and miRNA-me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505461102
更新日期:2005-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified two chromosomal genes of Escherichia coli K12 that are required for the expression of conjugative plasmid functions in the presence of normal plasmid DNA. Hfr cells with mutations in both of these genes are resistant to donor-specific bacteriophage and defective as conjugal donors. These characteris...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.1.513
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mutant strain deficient in RNase T was isolated and used to study the role of this enzyme in Escherichia coli. Strains lacking as much as 70% of RNase T activity, alone or in combination with the absence of other RNases, display normal growth properties. However, in cca strains, which lack tRNA nucleotidyltransferas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6427
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As long-term changes in life expectancy and fertility drive the emergence of aging societies across the globe, individual countries vary widely in the development of age-relevant policies and programs. While failure to adapt to the demographic transformation carries not only important financial risks but also social r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1806260115
更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::We report the successful infection of two rabbit T-cell lines and one rabbit macrophage line with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). One T-cell line was a herpesvirus ateles transformant, the other T-cell line was a human T-cell leukemia virus I transformant, and the macrophage line was a simian virus 40 transfor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.12.4455
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 share a set of common proteins denoted B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G which play an important part in the biogenesis of the snRNPs. In addition, there is a link between the common proteins and autoimmunity; the three D proteins, together with B/B...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.12317
更新日期:1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::During the periimplantation period of pregnancy, pig blastocysts undergo morphological changes and differentiation requiring secretion and transport of nutrients (histotroph) into the uterine lumen. Of these nutrients, glucose is converted to fructose, an isomer of glucose, by conceptus trophectoderm. Although glucose...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1204298109
更新日期:2012-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::In all organisms, mild heat pretreatments induce tolerance to high temperatures. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such pretreatments strongly induce heat-shock protein (Hsp) 104, and hsp104 mutations greatly reduce high-temperature survival, indicating Hsp1O4 plays a critical role in induced thermotolerance. Sur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5301
更新日期:1996-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::We address the stability of multicharged finite systems driven by Coulomb forces beyond the Rayleigh instability limit. Our exploration of the nuclear dynamics of heavily charged Morse clusters enabled us to vary the range of the pair potential and of the fissibility parameter, which results in distinct fragmentation ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.142253999
更新日期:2002-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mechanisms of Salmonella virulence is an important challenge. The capacity of this intracellular bacterial pathogen to cause diseases depends on the expression of virulence factors including the second type III secretion system (TTSS-2), which is used to translocate into the eukaryotic cytosol a set ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605443103
更新日期:2006-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is a debilitating mental illness and is often comorbid with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with antidiabetic and insulin-sensitizing properties. Here we show that adiponectin levels in plasma are reduced in a chronic social-defeat stress model of dep...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1202835109
更新日期:2012-07-24 00:00:00