Abstract:
:The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates motivated behavior by, in part, processing excitatory synaptic projections from several brain regions. Among these regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala, convey executive control and affective states, respectively. Whereas glutamatergic synaptic transmission within the NAc has been recognized as a primary cellular target for cocaine and other drugs of abuse to induce addiction-related pathophysiological motivational states, the understanding has been thus far limited to drug-induced postsynaptic alterations. It remains elusive whether exposure to cocaine or other drugs of abuse influences presynaptic functions of these excitatory projections, and if so, in which projection pathways. Using optogenetic methods combined with biophysical assays, we demonstrate that the presynaptic release probability (Pr) of the PFC-to-NAc synapses was enhanced after short-term withdrawal (1 d) and long-term (45 d) withdrawal from either noncontingent (i.p. injection) or contingent (self-administration) exposure to cocaine. After long-term withdrawal of contingent drug exposure, the Pr was higher compared with i.p. injected rats. In contrast, within the basolateral amygdala afferents, presynaptic Pr was not significantly altered in any of these experimental conditions. Thus, cocaine-induced procedure- and pathway-specific presynaptic enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission in the NAc. These results, together with previous findings of cocaine-induced postsynaptic enhancement, suggest an increased PFC-to-NAc shell glutamatergic synaptic transmission after withdrawal from exposure to cocaine. This presynaptic alteration may interact with other cocaine-induced cellular adaptations to shift the functional output of NAc neurons, contributing to the addictive emotional and motivational state.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Suska A,Lee BR,Huang YH,Dong Y,Schlüter OMdoi
10.1073/pnas.1206287110subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-08 00:00:00pages
713-8issue
2eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1206287110journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The mature gag and pol proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and all retroviruses derive from large gag and gag-pol polyprotein precursors by posttranslational cleavage. A highly specific, virally encoded protease is required for this essential proteolytic processing. In this study, the HIV protease gene prod...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.24.8903
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) plays a vital role in the maintenance of the viral genome and is the only viral protein expressed in nearly all forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency and EBV-associated diseases, including numerous cancer types. To our knowledge, no specific agent against EBV genes or protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1915372116
更新日期:2019-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports the results of a randomized field experiment involving registered voters in the city of New Haven. Nonpartisan get-out-the-vote messages were delivered through personal canvassing shortly before the November 1998 election. We find that personal canvassing increased voter turnout by approximately 6. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10939
更新日期:1999-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Two mutations are described that alter the pattern of inheritance of chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas. The mutant gene mat-1 linked to the mating type allele mt(-) greatly increases the frequency of exceptional zygotes, i.e., zygotes that transmit chloroplast genes from the mt(-) (male) parent. In some crosses, 80-9...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.12.4698
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with primary (AL) cardiac amyloidosis suffer from progressive cardiomyopathy with a median survival of less than 8 months and a 5-year survival of <10%. Contributing to this poor prognosis is the fact that these patients generally do not tolerate standard heart failure therapies. The molecular mechanisms unde...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912263107
更新日期:2010-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Infection of mice with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium yoelii has been used extensively to evaluate liver-stage protection by candidate preerythrocytic malaria vaccines. Unfortunately, repeated success of such vaccines in mice has not translated readily to effective malaria vaccines in humans. Thus, mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805452105
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins can bind target molecules through either induced fit or conformational selection pathways. In the conformational selection model, a protein samples a scarcely populated high-energy state that resembles a target-bound conformation. In enzymatic catalysis, such high-energy states have been identified as crucial...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1700919114
更新日期:2017-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines play a key role in inflammation. They are expressed not only in neuroinflammatory conditions, but also constitutively by different cell types, including neurons in the normal brain, suggesting that they may act as modulators of neuronal functions. Here, we investigated a possible neuroendocrine role of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602620103
更新日期:2006-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::We determined that a pigeon cytochrome c-derived peptide, p43-58, possesses two anchor residues, 46 and 54, for binding with the I-Ab molecule that are compatible to the position 1 (P1) and position 9 (P9) of the core region in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides, respectively. In the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12047
更新日期:1997-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Xenopus oocytes express a gene encoding bovine rhodopsin as well as its SP6 RNA polymerase-derived transcripts and total retinal mRNA. The opsin produced is in unglycosylated (30 kDa) and two glycosylated (35 kDa and 41 kDa) forms. Incubation of the cells expressing the above proteins with 11-cis-retinal generates rho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.21.7917
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe and test a Markov chain model of microsatellite evolution that can explain the different distributions of microsatellite lengths across different organisms and repeat motifs. Two key features of this model are the dependence of mutation rates on microsatellite length and a mutation process that includes bo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10774
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities in the bovine hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system was studied by use of specific antisera. Proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities were found in magnocellular neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nuclei and in th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.16.5139
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Aib-Glu(OBzl)-Leu-Aib-Ala-Leu-Aib-Ala-Lys(Z)-Aib-OMe (where Aib is alpha-aminoisobutyryl, Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl, OBzl is benzyl ester, and Z is benzyloxycarbonyl) illustrates a parallel zipper arrangement of interacting helical peptide columns. Head-to-tail NH...OC hydrog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.7921
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resting- or baseline-state low-frequency (0.01-0.2 Hz) brain activity is observed in fMRI, EEG, and local field potential recordings. These fluctuations were found to be correlated across brain regions and are thought to reflect neuronal activity fluctuations between functionally connected areas of the brain. However,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715841115
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast AAA-ATPase Cdc48 and the ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) proteins play important, evolutionarily conserved roles in ubiquitin dependent protein degradation. The N-terminal domain of Cdc48 interacts with substrate-recruiting cofactors, whereas the C terminus of Cdc48 binds to proteins such as Ufd3 that pro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908321106
更新日期:2009-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::State-of-the-art NMR spectrometers using superconducting magnets have enabled, with their ultrafine spectral resolution, the determination of the structure of large molecules such as proteins, which is one of the most profound applications of modern NMR spectroscopy. Many chemical and biotechnological applications, ho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402015111
更新日期:2014-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::A yeast genetic system was developed to study how the basic regions of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins distinguish between related consensus bHLH binding sites, with nucleotide sequence CANNTG. The yeast bHLH protein CBF1 binds to the sequence CAC(A/G)TG found in the yeast centromere element CDE1 and in promote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.2.599
更新日期:1992-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rad51 is a highly conserved eukaryotic homolog of the prokaryotic recombination protein RecA, which has been shown to function in both recombinational repair of DNA damage and meiotic recombination in yeast. In primary murine B cells cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate heavy chain class switch recombin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10222
更新日期:1996-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations induced by (+/-)trans-benzo-[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BaP-diol epoxide-1) were selected by using a recombinant plasmid vector system designed for the study of transcription termination signals. The plasmid contains a transcription terminator positioned between a promotor signal and the Escheric...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.6817
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theoretical description of aqueous hydration in the minor groove of a B-form DNA is presented on the basis of a liquid-state Monte Carlo computer simulation on a system consisting of the oligonucleotide duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG).d(GCGCTTAAGCGC) in a canonical B-form together with 1777 water molecules contained in a hex...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.6.1836
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that the long-term inhibition of IgE synthesis associated with perinatal inoculation of syngeneic IgE is accompanied by the synthesis of autoantibodies to IgE. Synthesis of IgE can also be inhibited by passive transfer of syngeneic anti-IgE antibodies. In the present investigation we made use of adoptive...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.604
更新日期:1994-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::The planarity of peptide bonds is an assumption that underlies decades of theoretical modeling of proteins. Peptide bonds strongly deviating from planarity are considered very rare features of protein structure that occur for functional reasons. Here, empirical analyses of atomic-resolution protein structures reveal t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107115108
更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::The gene EPXH2 encodes for the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal physiology containing two distinct domains connected via a proline-rich linker. The C-terminal domain containing the EH catalytic activity has been well studied. In contrast, a function for ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0437724100
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed model of the G(2) DNA damage checkpoint (G2DDC) system is presented that includes complex regulatory networks of the mitotic kinase Cdc2, phosphatase Cdc25, Wee1 kinase, and damage signal transduction pathways involving Chk1 and p53. Assumptions on the kinetic equations of the G2DDC are made, and computer s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11352
更新日期:1999-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate protein folding is essential for proper cellular and organismal function. In the cell, protein folding is carefully regulated; changes in folding homeostasis (proteostasis) can disrupt many cellular processes and have been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies. For many protei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1610272113
更新日期:2016-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603362103
更新日期:2006-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::The Amazon rainforest is the Earth's largest reservoir of plant and animal diversity, and it has been subjected to especially high rates of land use change, primarily to cattle pasture. This conversion has had a strongly negative effect on biological diversity, reducing the number of plant and animal species and homog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1220608110
更新日期:2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (amino acid-tRNA ligases, EC 6.1.1.-) catalyze the aminoacylation of specific amino acids onto their cognate tRNAs with extraordinary accuracy. Recent reports, however, indicate that this class of enzymes may play other roles in cellular metabolism. Several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are her...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.22.7891
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies to the insulin receptor were prepared in BALB/c mice by immunization with IM-9 human lymphocytes, a cell type that has a large number of plasma membrane insulin receptors. The spleens of these mice were then removed, and their lymphocytes were fused to a mouse myeloma cell line, FO cells. After screening ov...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.23.7312
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal dynamics of electrical activity in an olfactory organ, the procerebral lobe of the terrestrial mollusc Limax maximus, is studied. The lobe exhibits intrinsic oscillations in its field potential. Intracellular recordings show that the lobe contains two classes of neurons, both with activity phase-locked to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.669
更新日期:1994-01-18 00:00:00