Nonplanar peptide bonds in proteins are common and conserved but not biased toward active sites.

abstract：:The use of fluorescent probes to give continuous readouts of the structural states of mitochondrial membranes during energy coupling seems a logical extension of their use in the study of protein structural changes. A clear correlation of the probes' fluorescence characteristics with the acquisition of energy coupling...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chance B

更新日期：1970-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Learning theories hypothesize specific circuits encode essential information for performance. For simple tasks in invertebrates and mammals, the essential circuits are known, but for cognitive functions, the essential circuits remain unidentified. Here, we show that some essential information for performing a choice t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang GR,Cao H,Kong L,O'Brien J,Baughns A,Jan M,Zhao H,Wang X,Lu XG,Cook RG,Geller AI

更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular clocks have been used to date the divergence of humans and chimpanzees for nearly four decades. Nonetheless, this date and its confidence interval remain to be firmly established. In an effort to generate a genomic view of the human-chimpanzee divergence, we have analyzed 167 nuclear protein-coding genes and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumar S,Filipski A,Swarna V,Walker A,Hedges SB

更新日期：2005-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted gene disruption in the murine TOP3beta gene-encoding DNA topoisomerase IIIbeta was carried out. In contrast to the embryonic lethality of mutant mice lacking DNA topoisomerase IIIalpha, top3beta(-/-) nulls are viable and grow to maturity with no apparent defects. Mice lacking DNA topoisomerase IIIbeta have a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwan KY,Wang JC

更新日期：2001-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We present two methods to probe the energy landscape and motions of proteins in the context of molecular dynamics simulations of the helix-forming S-peptide of RNase A and the RNase A-3'-UMP enzyme-product complex. The first method uses the generalized ergodic measure to compute the rate of conformational space sampli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Straub JE,Thirumalai D

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lamB protein, the receptor for phage lambda, was purified from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K-12 by extraction with Triton X-100 and EDTA, chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel in Triton X-100, exchange of Triton for cholate by gel filtration, and chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 in cholate, NaCl, and EDTA. T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luckey M,Nikaido H

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin filaments and integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs) form integrated systems that mediate dynamic cell interactions with their environment or other cells during migration, the immune response, and tissue morphogenesis. How adhesion-associated actin structures obtain their functional specificity is unclear. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skau CT,Plotnikov SV,Doyle AD,Waterman CM

更新日期：2015-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Intron removal from tRNA precursors involves cleavage by a tRNA splicing endonuclease to yield tRNA 3'-halves beginning with a 5'-hydroxyl, and 5'-halves ending in a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate. A tRNA ligase then incorporates this phosphate into the internucleotide bond that joins the two halves. Although this 3'-P RNA sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Englert M,Sheppard K,Aslanian A,Yates JR 3rd,Söll D

更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell recognition typically involves both the engagement of a specific T cell receptor with a peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and a number of accessory interactions. One of the most important interactions is between the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on the T cell and intrace...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wülfing C,Sjaastad MD,Davis MM

更新日期：1998-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of a whole chromosome 5 or a deletion of its long arm (5q) is a recurring abnormality in malignant myeloid neoplasms. To determine the location of genes on 5q that may be involved in leukemogenesis, we examined the deleted chromosome 5 homologs in a series of 135 patients with malignant myeloid diseases. By compa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le Beau MM,Espinosa R 3rd,Neuman WL,Stock W,Roulston D,Larson RA,Keinanen M,Westbrook CA

更新日期：1993-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) are important regulators of the dormancy and germination of seeds. In cereals, GA enhances the synthesis and secretion of enzymes (principally alpha-amylases) in the aleurone cells of the endosperm, which then mobilize the storage reserves that fuel germ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ritchie S,Gilroy S

更新日期：1998-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient and controllable expression of a transgene usually requires the presence of intron sequences and much efforts have been made to produce retrovirus vectors that can transduce and integrate genes with introns. However, this has proven difficult because the viral RNA is spliced when it is synthesized in the nuc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li KJ,Garoff H

更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammalian brains, multielectrode recordings during sensory stimulation have revealed oscillations in different cortical areas that are transiently synchronous. These synchronizations have been hypothesized to support integration of sensory information or represent the operation of attentional mechanisms, but their ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prechtl JC

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Circulating platelets have important functions in thrombosis and in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. However, the role of platelets in innate immunity to bacterial infection is largely unexplored. While human platelets rapidly kill Staphylococcus aureus, we found the neonatal pathogen group B Streptococcu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Uchiyama S,Sun J,Fukahori K,Ando N,Wu M,Schwarz F,Siddiqui SS,Varki A,Marth JD,Nizet V

更新日期：2019-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of glycogen metabolism is critical for the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis in mammals. Glycogen synthase, the enzyme responsible for glycogen production, is regulated by multisite phosphorylation in yeast and mammals. We have previously identified PAS kinase as a physiological regulator of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilson WA,Skurat AV,Probst B,de Paoli-Roach A,Roach PJ,Rutter J

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An antigen histochemically localized in the nuclei and cytoplasmic granules of normal and leukemic human myeloid cells has been identified as myeloperoxidase (MPO; EC 1.11.1.7). The localization and amount of the enzyme was determined by using a murine monoclonal antibody designated H-43-5 raised against nuclear prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murao S,Stevens FJ,Ito A,Huberman E

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of JAK2 by chromosomal translocation or point mutation is a recurrent event in hematopoietic malignancies, including acute leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders. Although the effects of activated JAK2 signaling have been examined in cell lines and murine models, the functional consequences of deregulat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kennedy JA,Barabé F,Patterson BJ,Bayani J,Squire JA,Barber DL,Dick JE

更新日期：2006-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian visual systems are characterized by their ability to recognize stimuli invariant to various transformations. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that this ability is achieved by the temporal encoding of visual stimuli. By using a model of a cortical network, we show that this encoding is invariant to several...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wyss R,Konig P,Verschure PF

更新日期：2003-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A 16-base-pair palindrome from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens octopine synthase gene functions as a constitutive enhancer in plant protoplasts. Degenerate oligonucleotide mutagenesis provided single base substitutions at every position in the element and a number of multiple base substitutions. The effects of these cha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Singh K,Tokuhisa JG,Dennis ES,Peacock WJ

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fisheries-induced evolution and its impact on the productivity of exploited fish stocks remains a highly contested research topic in applied fish evolution and fisheries science. Although many quantitative models assume that larger, more fecund fish are preferentially removed by fishing, there is no empirical evidence...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sutter DA,Suski CD,Philipp DP,Klefoth T,Wahl DH,Kersten P,Cooke SJ,Arlinghaus R

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A proton NMR method is described for determining the orientation of a porphyrin within the heme pocket of a hemoprotein. The pattern of the hyperfine-shifted heme methyl resonances in low-spin ferric model compounds is demonstrated to characteristically reflect the position of a localized low-symmetry perturbation on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： La Mar GN,Budd DL,Viscio DB,Smith KM,Langry KC

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivi are used to treat H5N1 influenza. However, oseltamivir-resistant H5N1 viruses have been isolated from oseltamivir-treated patients. Moreover, reassortment between H5N1 viruses and oseltamvir-resistant human H1N1 viruses currently circulating could create oseltamivi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiso M,Takahashi K,Sakai-Tagawa Y,Shinya K,Sakabe S,Le QM,Ozawa M,Furuta Y,Kawaoka Y

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The Drosophila clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) have been studied behaviorally and biochemically, but to date there has been no viable culture system for studying the cell biology of the Drosophila clock. We have cultured pupal ring glands attached to the central nervous system and observed rhythms of perio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Emery IF,Noveral JM,Jamison CF,Siwicki KK

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ascorbic acid, at nontoxic concentrations, causes a substantial reduction in the ability of avian tumor viruses to replicate in both primary avian tendon cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts. The virus-infected cultures appear to be less transformed in the presence of ascorbic acid by the criteria of morphology, reduc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bissell MJ,Hatie C,Farson DA,Schwarz RI,Soo WJ

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A principal goal of cancer nanomedicine is to deliver therapeutics effectively to cancer cells within solid tumors. However, there are a series of biological barriers that impede nanomedicine from reaching target cells. Here, we report a stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticle to systematically overcome these multip...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li HJ,Du JZ,Du XJ,Xu CF,Sun CY,Wang HX,Cao ZT,Yang XZ,Zhu YH,Nie S,Wang J

更新日期：2016-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA-DR2 is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). A peptide from human myelin basic protein (MBP, residues 85-99) was previously found to bind to purified HLA-DR2 (DRA, DRB1*1501) and to be recognized by human MBP-specific T cell clones. Soluble HLA-DR2 was expressed in the baculovirus system by re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gauthier L,Smith KJ,Pyrdol J,Kalandadze A,Strominger JL,Wiley DC,Wucherpfennig KW

更新日期：1998-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway and functions by activating the cell surface death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5). TRAIL is nontoxic in vivo and preferentially kills neoplastically transformed cells over normal cells by an unde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chinnaiyan AM,Prasad U,Shankar S,Hamstra DA,Shanaiah M,Chenevert TL,Ross BD,Rehemtulla A

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human gene MAGE-1 encodes tumor-specific antigens that are recognized on melanoma cells by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. This gene is expressed in a significant proportion of tumors of various histological types, but not in normal tissues except male germ-line cells. We reported previously that reporter genes dr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Smet C,De Backer O,Faraoni I,Lurquin C,Brasseur F,Boon T

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear structural changes during fertilization and embryogenesis in mice and in sea urchins have been followed by using antibodies against the nuclear lamins A/C and B and against antigens at the periphery of nuclei and chromosomes. Lamins are found on all pronuclei and nuclei during mouse fertilization, but with a d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schatten G,Maul GG,Schatten H,Chaly N,Simerly C,Balczon R,Brown DL

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat calbindin D-9k gene is transcriptionally regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the intestine. We have examined the 5'-flanking region of this gene and identified a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-responsive element (DRE) between nucleotides -489 and -445. This element confers 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 responsivenes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Darwish HM,DeLuca HF

更新日期：1992-01-15 00:00:00