Biochemical studies on capped RNA primers identify a class of oligonucleotide inhibitors of the influenza virus RNA polymerase.

abstract：:By using both double-colony hybridization and an in situ immunostaining assay for transformants, 39 cDNA clones (clone p-16 alpha) encoding mouse liver microsomal testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(16) alpha) were isolated from a cDNA library constructed in the cloning vector pUC-9 with poly(A)+ RNA i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harada N,Negishi M

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An elegant expression is obtained for the product of the inverse Weierstrass-Laguerre transforms of two functions in terms of their convolution. It is also shown how the main result can be extended to hold for the product of the inverse Weierstrass-Laguerre transforms of several functions. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Srivastava HM

更新日期：1971-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific heritable mutations in maize genes were engineered by introducing chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Two independent targets within the endogenous maize acetohydroxyacid synthase gene sequence were modified in a site-specific fashion, thereby conferring resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu T,Peterson DJ,Tagliani L,St Clair G,Baszczynski CL,Bowen B

更新日期：1999-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A powerful way to deal with a complex system is to build a coarse-grained model capable of catching its main physical features, while being computationally affordable. Inevitably, such coarse-grained models introduce a set of phenomenological parameters, which are often not easily deducible from the underlying atomist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Invernizzi M,Valsson O,Parrinello M

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immunity is the primary and most ancient defense against infection. Although critical to survival, coordinating protection against a foreign organism is energetically costly, creating the need to reallocate substrates from nonessential functions, such as growth and nutrient storage. However, the mechanism by wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiAngelo JR,Bland ML,Bambina S,Cherry S,Birnbaum MJ

更新日期：2009-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:E2A helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in the control of various developmental pathways. We show here by in situ hybridization that E2A transcripts are present in most embryonic and adult tissues. However, no E2A expression is detectable in heart and nonproliferative regions of the brain and spinal cord. Highest l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roberts VJ,Steenbergen R,Murre C

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that far fewer men than women enroll in tertiary education in the United States and other Western nations. Developed nations vary in the degree to which men are underrepresented, but the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average lies around 45% male students. We use data fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stoet G,Geary DC

更新日期：2020-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of how insects are actually affected by sex pheromones deployed throughout a crop so as to disrupt mating has lacked a mechanistic framework sufficient for guiding optimization of this environmentally friendly pest-control tactic. Major hypotheses are competitive attraction, desensitization, and camouflage. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller JR,McGhee PS,Siegert PY,Adams CG,Huang J,Grieshop MJ,Gut LJ

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication through damaged sites in DNA requires in Escherichia coli the SOS stress-inducible DNA polymerase V (UmuC), which is specialized for lesion bypass. Homologs of the umuC gene were found on native conjugative plasmids, which often carry multiple antibiotic-resistant genes. MucB is a UmuC homolog present on p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldsmith M,Sarov-Blat L,Livneh Z

更新日期：2000-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen-independent cell lines were derived from mouse helper T-cell clones by culture in autologous supernatant obtained after stimulation with concanavalin A. A factor, termed P40, supporting the growth of these lines was purified and characterized as a basic 32- to 39-kDa single-chain glycoprotein functionally dist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Uyttenhove C,Simpson RJ,Van Snick J

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, utilization of galactose requires four inducible enzyme activities. Three of these activities (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, EC 2.7.7.10; uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase, EC 5.1.3.2; and galactokinase, EC 2.7.1.6) are specified by three tightly linked genes (GAL7, GAL10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hopper JE,Broach JR,Rowe LB

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence properties of GFP are strongly influenced by the protonation states of its chromophore and nearby amino acid side chains. In the ground state, the GFP chromophore is neutral and absorbs in the near UV. Upon excitation, the chromophore is deprotonated, and the resulting anionic chromophore emits its gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kennis JT,Larsen DS,van Stokkum IH,Vengris M,van Thor JJ,van Grondelle R

更新日期：2004-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are essential polycations, intimately involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Although polyamines exert dynamic effects on the conformation of nucleic acids and macromolecular synthesis in vitro, their specific functions in vivo are poorly understood....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandal S,Mandal A,Johansson HE,Orjalo AV,Park MH

更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) is a multisubunit protein complex that is essential for the proper architecture of the mitochondrial inner membrane. MICOS plays a key role in establishing and maintaining crista junctions, tubular or slit-like structures that connect the cristae mem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pape JK,Stephan T,Balzarotti F,Büchner R,Lange F,Riedel D,Jakobs S,Hell SW

更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian ferritin from horse spleen undergoes an electrochemical or chemical reduction reaction in which each iron atom present is reduced by one electron (2300 electrons per ferritin molecule containing 2300 Fe3+ ions). Midpoint potentials of -190 mV, -310 mV, and -416 mV were determined at pH 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0. Thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watt GD,Frankel RB,Papaefthymiou GC

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forests and their soils contain the majority of the earth's terrestrial carbon stocks. Changes in patterns of tree growth can have a huge impact on atmospheric cycles, biogeochemical cycles, climate change, and biodiversity. Recent studies have shown increases in biomass across many forest types. This increase has bee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McMahon SM,Parker GG,Miller DR

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:By combining the pairwise interactions between proteins, as predicted by the conserved co-occurrence of their genes in operons, we obtain protein interaction networks. Here we study the properties of such networks to identify functional modules: sets of proteins that together are involved in a biological process. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Snel B,Bork P,Huynen MA

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Seemingly similar individuals often experience drastically different success trajectories, with some repeatedly failing and others consistently succeeding. One explanation is preexisting variability along unobserved fitness dimensions that is revealed gradually through differential achievement. Alternatively, positive...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van de Rijt A,Kang SM,Restivo M,Patil A

更新日期：2014-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Prions are thought to replicate in an autocatalytic process that converts cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) to the disease-associated misfolded PrP isoform (PrP(Sc)). Our study scrutinizes this hypothesis by in vitro protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). In serial transmission PMCA experiments, PrP(Sc) was ino...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bieschke J,Weber P,Sarafoff N,Beekes M,Giese A,Kretzschmar H

更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptotic cells contain nuclear autoantigens that may initiate a systemic autoimmune response. To explore the mechanism of antibody binding to apoptotic cells, 3H9, a murine autoantibody with dual specificity for phospholipids and DNA, was used. H chain mutants of 3H9 were constructed, expressed as single-chain Fv (sc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cocca BA,Seal SN,D'Agnillo P,Mueller YM,Katsikis PD,Rauch J,Weigert M,Radic MZ

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Lissencephaly is a severe brain malformation in humans. To study the function of the gene mutated in lissencephaly (LIS1), we deleted the first coding exon from the mouse Lis1 gene. The deletion resulted in a shorter protein (sLIS1) that initiates from the second methionine, a unique situation because most LIS1 mutati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cahana A,Escamez T,Nowakowski RS,Hayes NL,Giacobini M,von Holst A,Shmueli O,Sapir T,McConnell SK,Wurst W,Martinez S,Reiner O

更新日期：2001-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of development has relied primarily on the isolation of mutations in genes with specific functions in development and on the comparison of their expression patterns in normal and mutant phenotypes. Comparative evolutionary analyses can complement these approaches. Phylogenetic analyses of Sonic hedgehog (Shh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zardoya R,Abouheif E,Meyer A

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to instantly create a state of immunity as achieved in the passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin has had a tremendous impact on public health. Unlike passive immunization, active immunization, which is the foundation of vaccinology, is an anticipatory strategy with inherent limitations. Here we show tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Popkov M,Gonzalez B,Sinha SC,Barbas CF 3rd

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Restriction endonucleases such as EcoRI bind and cleave DNA with great specificity and represent a paradigm for protein-DNA interactions and molecular recognition. Using osmotic pressure to induce water release, we demonstrate the participation of bound waters in the sequence discrimination of substrate DNA by EcoRI. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robinson CR,Sligar SG

更新日期：1998-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Rearrangements of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase gene generating RET/PTC oncogenes are specific to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most frequent thyroid tumor. Here, we show that the RET/PTC1 oncogene, when exogenously expressed in primary normal human thyrocytes, induces the expression of a large set of gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borrello MG,Alberti L,Fischer A,Degl'innocenti D,Ferrario C,Gariboldi M,Marchesi F,Allavena P,Greco A,Collini P,Pilotti S,Cassinelli G,Bressan P,Fugazzola L,Mantovani A,Pierotti MA

更新日期：2005-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Interactions between two excitatory monosynaptic inputs to hippocampal neurons of the CA1 region were examined in the in vitro slice. By adjusting the strengths of the electrical stimuli delivered to the two input pathways, one was made to generate a weak and the other a strong synaptic response. Simultaneous tetanic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barrionuevo G,Brown TH

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemoresistance of cisplatin therapy is related to extensive repair of cisplatin-modified DNA in the nucleus by the nucleotide excision repair (NER). Delivering cisplatin to the mitochondria to attack mitochondrial genome lacking NER machinery can lead to a rationally designed therapy for metastatic, chemoresistant ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marrache S,Pathak RK,Dhar S

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A new model of an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction was obtained by injection of acetylcholine receptor purified from rat denervated muscles into Balb/c mice. Anti-rat, then anti-mouse acetylcholine receptor antibodies, appear in mouse serum during the immunization procedure. Electrophysiological invest...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Granato DA,Fulpius BW,Moody JF

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector system that permits the introduction of virtually any gene into mammalian central nervous system neurons. The prototype vector, pHSVlac, contains a transcription unit that places the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the control of the HSV-1 immediate earl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Geller AI,Freese A

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein (betaGRP)/Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 3 (GNBP3) is a crucial pattern-recognition receptor that specifically binds beta-1,3-glucan, a component of fungal cell walls. It evokes innate immunity against fungi through activation of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takahasi K,Ochiai M,Horiuchi M,Kumeta H,Ogura K,Ashida M,Inagaki F

更新日期：2009-07-14 00:00:00