Uncovering the hidden ground state of green fluorescent protein.

abstract：:Using previously isolated Bacillus brevis strains that secrete large amounts of proteins but little protease into the medium, we have developed a host-vector system for very efficient synthesis and secretion of heterologous proteins. The multiple promoters and the signal-peptide-coding region of the MWP gene, a struct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamagata H,Nakahama K,Suzuki Y,Kakinuma A,Tsukagoshi N,Udaka S

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-environment interactions are important determinants of cancer risk. Traditionally, gene-environment interactions are thought to contribute to tumor-suppressor-gene penetrance by facilitating or inhibiting the acquisition of additional somatic mutations required for tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that a disti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cook JD,Davis BJ,Cai SL,Barrett JC,Conti CJ,Walker CL

更新日期：2005-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:X-ray structures of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase have suggested that the enzyme, which reduces O(2) in a process coupled with a proton pumping process, contains a proton pumping pathway (H-pathway) composed of a hydrogen bond network and a water channel located in tandem across the enzyme. The hydrogen bond netwo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimokata K,Katayama Y,Murayama H,Suematsu M,Tsukihara T,Muramoto K,Aoyama H,Yoshikawa S,Shimada H

更新日期：2007-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that cause aging are not well understood. The oxidative stress hypothesis proposes that the changes associated with aging are a consequence of random oxidative damage to biomolecules. We hypothesized that oxidation of specific proteins is critical in controlling the rate of the aging process. Utilizing ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan LJ,Levine RL,Sohal RS

更新日期：1997-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular mechanisms by which transcription is selectively activated and precisely controlled by signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) factors represent a central issue in cytokine-mediated cellular responses. Stat6 mediates responses to IL-4 and antagonizes Stat1 activated by IFN-gamma. We have ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goenka S,Boothby M

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor zinc-finger protein Miz1 represses TNF-α-induced JNK activation and the repression is relieved upon TNF-α stimulation. However, the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we report that Miz1 interferes with the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) Ubc13 for binding to the RING doma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu J,Yan J,Jiang S,Wen J,Chen L,Zhao Y,Lin A

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Porcine and bovine GH receptor (GHR) cDNAs were stably expressed in mouse L cells, which normally do not possess detectable levels of mouse GHR. Expression of the GHR cDNAs resulted in specific binding of 125I-labeled GH by these cell lines. To study GHR-related signaling events in these cells, protein tyrosine phosph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Xu B,Souza SC,Kopchick JJ

更新日期：1994-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To help reach the target of tuberculosis (TB) disease elimination by 2050, vaccine development needs to occur now. We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of potential TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries using an age-structured transmission model. New vaccines were assumed to be available in 2024, t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knight GM,Griffiths UK,Sumner T,Laurence YV,Gheorghe A,Vassall A,Glaziou P,White RG

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The prion protein (PrP) is a scrapie-associated fibril protein that accumulates in the brains of hamsters and mice infected with the scrapie agent, and also in the brains of persons affected with kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. It has been previously proposed that PrP could be either the primary transmissible agent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Locht C,Chesebro B,Race R,Keith JM

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CrAs was observed to possess the bulk superconductivity under high-pressure conditions. To understand the superconducting mechanism and explore the correlation between the structure and superconductivity, the high-pressure structural evolution of CrAs was investigated using the angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu Z,Wu W,Hu Q,Zhao J,Li C,Yang K,Cheng J,Luo J,Wang L,Mao HK

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics for hydrogen exchange at individual base pairs in self-complementary deoxydodecanucleotide duplexes have been estimated from NMR saturation recovery measurements on the resolved imino protons as a function of temperature. The imino protons of dA . dT base pairs in the center of the fully alternating d(C-G...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel DJ,Ikuta S,Kozlowski S,Itakura K

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The suggested role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate as the "second messenger" in the neurite outgrowth from chick embryonic sensory ganglia mediated by nerve growth factor was examined. Although N(6),O(2)-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate induces fiber outgrowth at concentrations of 1-5 mM, this re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frazier WA,Ohlendorf CE,Boyd LF,Aloe L,Johnson EM,Ferrendelli JA,Bradshaw RA

更新日期：1973-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mutant strain deficient in RNase T was isolated and used to study the role of this enzyme in Escherichia coli. Strains lacking as much as 70% of RNase T activity, alone or in combination with the absence of other RNases, display normal growth properties. However, in cca strains, which lack tRNA nucleotidyltransferas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deutscher MP,Marlor CW,Zaniewski R

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To test the hypothesis that the nonrandom organization of the contents of interphase nuclei represents a compartmentalization of function, we examined the relative, spatial relationship of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and of DNase I hypersensitive chromatin (DHC) in rat pheochromocytoma cells. In controls...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park PC,De Boni U

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The 2.1-A resolution crystal structure of wild-type green fluorescent protein and comparison of it with the recently determined structure of the Ser-65 --> Thr (S65T) mutant explains the dual wavelength absorption and photoisomerization properties of the wild-type protein. The two absorption maxima are caused by a cha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brejc K,Sixma TK,Kitts PA,Kain SR,Tsien RY,Ormö M,Remington SJ

更新日期：1997-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a subset of CD56(+)CD3(-) human natural killer (NK) cells that express CD4 and the HIV coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4. These cells can be productively infected in vitro by both CCR5- and CXCR4-using molecular clones of HIV-1 in a CD4-dependent manner. Analysis of HIV-infected persons showed that viral D...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Valentin A,Rosati M,Patenaude DJ,Hatzakis A,Kostrikis LG,Lazanas M,Wyvill KM,Yarchoan R,Pavlakis GN

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Like all aliphatic amines, the polyamines spermine and spermidine are physical quenchers of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). The rate constants of these processes were determined in vitro with photochemically generated 1O2* and the hydrocarbon rubrene as substrate, in pyridine. At millimolar concentration, spermine an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khan AU,Mei YH,Wilson T

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expansins are unusual proteins discovered by virtue of their ability to mediate cell wall extension in plants. We identified cDNA clones for two cucumber expansins on the basis of peptide sequences of proteins purified from cucumber hypocotyls. The expansin cDNAs encode related proteins with signal peptides predicted ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shcherban TY,Shi J,Durachko DM,Guiltinan MJ,McQueen-Mason SJ,Shieh M,Cosgrove DJ

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Centrosome reorientation to the immunological synapse maintains the specificity of T-cell effector function by facilitating the directional release of cytokines and cytolytic factors toward the antigen-presenting cell. This polarization response is driven by the localized accumulation of diacylglycerol, which recruits...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu X,Kapoor TM,Chen JK,Huse M

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice have provided invaluable information about gene function and regulation. However, because of marked differences between rodents and primates, some areas of human biology such as early embryonic development, aging, and maternal-fetal interactions would be best studied in a nonhuman primate model. Here, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfgang MJ,Eisele SG,Browne MA,Schotzko ML,Garthwaite MA,Durning M,Ramezani A,Hawley RG,Thomson JA,Golos TG

更新日期：2001-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to colored slides contained a late positive component that was significantly enhanced when adults recognized the person, place, or painting in the photograph. Additionally, two late components change in amplitude, corresponding to the amount of surprise reported. Because subjects ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neville H,Snyder E,Woods D,Galambos R

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutant alleles at the dilute unconventional myosin heavy chain locus cause diluted coat color, opisthotonic seizures, and death. The dilute coat color phenotype is caused by irregular clumping of pigment in the hair, but amounts of melanin are unchanged from wild-type controls. The melanocyte phenotype has been descri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Provance DW Jr,Wei M,Ipe V,Mercer JA

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling through beta-arrestins is a recently appreciated mechanism used by seven-transmembrane receptors. Because G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of such receptors is generally a prerequisite for beta-arrestin binding, we studied the roles of different GRKs in promoting beta-arrestin-mediated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ren XR,Reiter E,Ahn S,Kim J,Chen W,Lefkowitz RJ

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypophosphatasia is a heritable form of rickets/osteomalacia with extremely variable clinical expression. Severe forms are inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion; the mode of transmission of mild forms is uncertain. The biochemical hallmark of hypophosphatasia is deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific isozy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henthorn PS,Raducha M,Fedde KN,Lafferty MA,Whyte MP

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkylation of DNA by 7r,8t-dihydroxy,9t,10t-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE) forms mainly trans adducts (with respect to the C-9/10 positions). We recently described a halide-catalyzed pathway that preferentially generates cis adducts and now report that the trans chlorohydrin of anti-BPDE (trans-BP...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meehan T,Wolfe AR,Negrete GR,Song Q

更新日期：1997-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrated single-crystal-like small and wide-angle X-ray diffraction images of a CdSe nanosheet under pressure provide direct experimental evidence for the detailed pathway of transformation of the CdSe from a wurtzite to a rock-salt structure. Two consecutive planar atomic slips [(001) {110} in parallel and (102) {1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Z,Wen XD,Hoffmann R,Son JS,Li R,Fang CC,Smilgies DM,Hyeon T

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified a plant-specific gene, COST1 (constitutively stressed 1), that is required for normal plant growth but negatively regulates droug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bao Y,Song WM,Wang P,Yu X,Li B,Jiang C,Shiu SH,Zhang H,Bassham DC

更新日期：2020-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic regions of nearly every species diverged into different haplotypes, mostly based on point mutations, small deletions, and insertions that do not affect the collinearity of genes within a species. However, the same genomic interval containing the z1C gene cluster of two inbred lines of Zea mays significantly lo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song R,Messing J

更新日期：2003-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Unit-resolution mass spectra have been obtained for peptides as large as 17 kDa, providing information on impurities and adduct ions, as well as accurate molecular weight values. Electrospray ionization produces many multiply-charged species of the same mass; isotopic peak resolution provides direct charge state assig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loo JA,Quinn JP,Ryu SI,Henry KD,Senko MW,McLafferty FW

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-protein interactions are essential for life. Yet, our understanding of the general principles governing binding is not complete. In the present study, we show that the interface between proteins is built in a modular fashion; each module is comprised of a number of closely interacting residues, with few intera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reichmann D,Rahat O,Albeck S,Meged R,Dym O,Schreiber G

更新日期：2005-01-04 00:00:00