Abstract:
:How did human cooperation evolve? Recent evidence shows that many people are willing to engage in altruistic punishment, voluntarily paying a cost to punish noncooperators. Although this behavior helps to explain how cooperation can persist, it creates an important puzzle. If altruistic punishment provides benefits to nonpunishers and is costly to punishers, then how could it evolve? Drawing on recent insights from voluntary public goods games, I present a simple evolutionary model in which altruistic punishers can enter and will always come to dominate a population of contributors, defectors, and nonparticipants. The model suggests that the cycle of strategies in voluntary public goods games does not persist in the presence of punishment strategies. It also suggests that punishment can only enforce payoff-improving strategies, contrary to a widely cited "folk theorem" result that suggests that punishment can allow the evolution of any strategy.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Fowler JHdoi
10.1073/pnas.0500938102keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-10 00:00:00pages
7047-9issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0500938102journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have constructed yeast strains that secrete functional mouse-human chimeric antibody and its Fab fragment into the culture medium. For chimeric whole antibody, cDNA copies of the chimeric light-chain and heavy-chain genes of an anti-tumor antibody were inserted into vectors containing the yeast phosphoglycerate kin...
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