Na3[B20H17NH3]: synthesis and liposomal delivery to murine tumors.

abstract：:Quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells exposed briefly to a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) become "competent" to replicate their DNA but do not "progress" into S phase unless incubated with growth factors contained in platelet-poor plasma. Plasma from hypophysectomized rats is deficient in progression activity; it does not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stiles CD,Capone GT,Scher CD,Antoniades HN,Van Wyk JJ,Pledger WJ

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apicomplexan parasites replicate within a protective organelle, called the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The Toxoplasma gondii PV is filled with a network of tubulated membranes, which are thought to facilitate trafficking of effectors and nutrients. Despite being critical to parasite virulence, there is scant mechani...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beraki T,Hu X,Broncel M,Young JC,O'Shaughnessy WJ,Borek D,Treeck M,Reese ML

更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated synaptic currents were studied in dissociated primary cultures of neonatal rat cortex with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Immunocytochemical staining of the cultures showed the presence of a large number of glutamic acid decarboxylase-containing neurons, and electrica...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vicini S,Alho H,Costa E,Mienville JM,Santi MR,Vaccarino FM

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although genetic analysis has demonstrated that members of the winged helix, or forkhead, family of transcription factors play pivotal roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation and proliferation, both during development and in the adult, little is known of the mechanisms underlying their regulation. Here we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biggs WH 3rd,Meisenhelder J,Hunter T,Cavenee WK,Arden KC

更新日期：1999-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV protease inhibitors are a key component of anti-retroviral therapy, but their susceptibility to cytochrome P(450) metabolism reduces their systemic availability and necessitates repetitive dosing. Importantly, failure to maintain adequate inhibitor levels is believed to provide an opportunity for resistance to eme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marinec PS,Chen L,Barr KJ,Mutz MW,Crabtree GR,Gestwicki JE

更新日期：2009-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Swarming bacteria move in multicellular groups and exhibit adaptive resistance to multiple antibiotics. Analysis of this phenomenon has revealed the protective power of high cell densities to withstand exposure to otherwise lethal antibiotic concentrations. We find that high densities promote bacterial survival, even ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Butler MT,Wang Q,Harshey RM

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteritis caused by Clostridium difficile toxin (Tx) is a nosocomial disease of increasing clinical concern, but the local mediators of C. difficile TxA inflammation are unknown. The potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates neurogenic inflammation via the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhargava A,Clifton MS,Mhaske P,Liao M,Pothoulakis C,Leeman SE,Grady EF

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are phosphotyrosine-binding modules found within various signal-transducing proteins. We have determined by 125I competition assay and surface plasmon resonance that the SH2 domains of Src and Lck bind to a variety of phosphopeptides with similar affinity and specificity. Both bound with h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Payne G,Shoelson SE,Gish GD,Pawson T,Walsh CT

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ras has achieved notoriety as an oncogene aberrantly activated in multiple human tumors. Approximately 30% of all human tumors express an oncogenic form of this GTPase that is locked in an active conformation as a result of being insensitive to Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), proteins that normally regulate the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin H,Wang X,Ying J,Wong AH,Cui Y,Srivastava G,Shen ZY,Li EM,Zhang Q,Jin J,Kupzig S,Chan AT,Cullen PJ,Tao Q

更新日期：2007-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:An homologous in vitro assay for yeast nonsense suppressors was used to examine the effect of the cytoplasmically inherited genetic determinant [psi] on the efficiency of in vitro nonsense suppression. The efficiency of all three types of yeast tRNA-mediated nonsense suppressor (ochre, amber, and UGA) is much greater ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tuite MF,Cox BS,McLaughlin CS

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding interactions between membranes requires measurements on well-controlled systems close to natural conditions, in which fluctuations play an important role. We have determined, by grazing incidence X-ray scattering, the interaction potential between two lipid bilayers, one adsorbed on a solid surface and t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hemmerle A,Malaquin L,Charitat T,Lecuyer S,Fragneto G,Daillant J

更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Substance P prohormones were identified in the caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra of human brain. A polypeptide fraction of acidic brain extracts was fractionated on Sephadex G-50. The lyophilized fractions were sequentially treated with trypsin and a substance P-degrading enzyme with strong preferenc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nyberg F,le Grevés P,Terenius L

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The degeneracy of the genetic code allows nucleic acids to encode amino acid identity as well as noncoding information for gene regulation and genome maintenance. The rare arginine codons AGA and AGG (AGR) present a case study in codon choice, with AGRs encoding important transcriptional and translational properties d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Napolitano MG,Landon M,Gregg CJ,Lajoie MJ,Govindarajan L,Mosberg JA,Kuznetsov G,Goodman DB,Vargas-Rodriguez O,Isaacs FJ,Söll D,Church GM

更新日期：2016-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research has emphasized the importance of the metabolic cluster, which includes glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, as a strong predictor of the obesity-related morbidities and premature mortality. Fundamental to this association, commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome, is the cl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kissebah AH,Sonnenberg GE,Myklebust J,Goldstein M,Broman K,James RG,Marks JA,Krakower GR,Jacob HJ,Weber J,Martin L,Blangero J,Comuzzie AG

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. However, application of the FISH technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy DNA sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome prepa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang J,Gill BS,Wang GL,Ronald PC,Ward DC

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A comprehensive nonredundant database of 475 cocrystallized protein-protein complexes was used to study low-resolution recognition, which was reported in earlier docking experiments with a small number of proteins. The docking program GRAMM was used to delete the atom-size structural details and systematically dock th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vakser IA,Matar OG,Lam CF

更新日期：1999-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is anchored to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus by sortase A, which links the threonyl (T) of its C-terminal LPXTG motif to peptidoglycan cross-bridges (i.e., Gly5). SpA binds the Fcγ domains of IgG and protects staphylococci from opsonophagocytic clearance. Moreover, SpA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker S,Frankel MB,Schneewind O,Missiakas D

更新日期：2014-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Most homeobox genes belonging to the Hox family are sequentially activated in embryonal carcinoma cells upon treatment with retinoic acid. Genes located at the 3' end of each one of the four Hox clusters are activated first, whereas upstream Hox genes are activated progressively later. This activation has been extensi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Faiella A,Zappavigna V,Mavilio F,Boncinelli E

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, microtubules are essential for cellular plasticity and dynamics. Here we show that P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a kinetochore-associated acetyltransferase, acts as a negative modulator of microtubule stability through acetylation of EB1, a protein that controls the plus ends of microtubules. PCAF ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xia P,Wang Z,Liu X,Wu B,Wang J,Ward T,Zhang L,Ding X,Gibbons G,Shi Y,Yao X

更新日期：2012-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:By selective attachment of a DNA cleavage agent to specific residues in the yeast TATA box binding protein (yTBP), we demonstrate that, in solution, yTBP binds to the TATA boxes of both the adenovirus major late promoter and the yeast CYC1 promoter with only a modest preference in orientation and binds well to several...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cox JM,Hayward MM,Sanchez JF,Gegnas LD,van der Zee S,Dennis JH,Sigler PB,Schepartz A

更新日期：1997-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria are phototrophic prokaryotes that evolved oxygenic photosynthesis ∼2.7 billion y ago and are presently responsible for ∼10% of total global photosynthetic production. To cope with the evolutionary pressure of dropping ambient CO2 concentrations, they evolved a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) to augment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Selim KA,Haase F,Hartmann MD,Hagemann M,Forchhammer K

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of materials to define the architecture and microenvironment experienced by cells provides new opportunities to direct the fate of human pluripotent stem cells (HPSCs) [Robinton DA, Daley GQ (2012) Nature 481(7381):295-305]. However, the conditions required for self-renewal vs. differentiation of HPSCs are...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dixon JE,Shah DA,Rogers C,Hall S,Weston N,Parmenter CD,McNally D,Denning C,Shakesheff KM

更新日期：2014-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Four cell types from Vicia faba Linnaeus "Long Pod" leaflets were assayed for three enzymes unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction pathway. The enzymes were ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39], phosphoribulokinase (ATP:D-ribulose-5-phosphate 1-phospho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Outlaw WH,Manchester J,Dicamelli CA,Randall DD,Rapp B,Veith GM

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Downstream placement of a strong transcriptional termination signal has made possible the cloning of bacteriophage T5 promoters known to exhibit high signal strength. The cloning system constructed contains two easily assayable indicator functions whose expression is controlled by the integration of promoters and term...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gentz R,Langner A,Chang AC,Cohen SN,Bujard H

更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum mediates calcium signaling that impinges on intracellular processes. IP3Rs are allosteric proteins comprising four subunits that form an ion channel activated by binding of IP3 at a distance. Defective allostery in IP3R is considered crucial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamada K,Terauchi A,Nakamura K,Higo T,Nukina N,Matsumoto N,Hisatsune C,Nakamura T,Mikoshiba K

更新日期：2014-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We have selected from a mixture of random polynucleotides an RNA that is able to replicate in the presence of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, provided the medium contains Mn(2+) and ITP, in addition to ATP, CTP, and UTP. The RNA consists of a chain of about 125 (+/-25) nucleotides and appears to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biebricher CK,Orgel LE

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fragile X syndrome, the most frequent form of hereditary mental retardation, is due to a mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene on the X chromosome. Like fragile X patients, FMR1-knockout (FMR1-KO) mice lack the normal fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and show both cognitive alterations ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Restivo L,Ferrari F,Passino E,Sgobio C,Bock J,Oostra BA,Bagni C,Ammassari-Teule M

更新日期：2005-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex three-dimensional biophotonic nanostructures produce the vivid structural colors of many butterfly wing scales, but their exact nanoscale organization is uncertain. We used small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on single scales to characterize the 3D photonic nanostructures of five butterfly species from two fam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saranathan V,Osuji CO,Mochrie SG,Noh H,Narayanan S,Sandy A,Dufresne ER,Prum RO

更新日期：2010-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Stomatal pores are microscopic structures on the epidermis of leaves formed by 2 specialized guard cells that control the exchange of water vapor and CO(2) between plants and the atmosphere. Stomatal size (S) and density (D) determine maximum leaf diffusive (stomatal) conductance of CO(2) (g(c(max))) to sites of assim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Franks PJ,Beerling DJ

更新日期：2009-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Glomeruli in the olfactory bulb are anatomically discrete modules receiving input from idiotypic olfactory sensory neurons. To examine the functional organization of sensory inputs to individual glomeruli, we loaded olfactory sensory neurons with a Ca(2+) indicator and measured odorant-evoked presynaptic Ca(2+) signal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wachowiak M,Denk W,Friedrich RW

更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00