Abstract:
:Glomeruli in the olfactory bulb are anatomically discrete modules receiving input from idiotypic olfactory sensory neurons. To examine the functional organization of sensory inputs to individual glomeruli, we loaded olfactory sensory neurons with a Ca(2+) indicator and measured odorant-evoked presynaptic Ca(2+) signals within single glomeruli by using two-photon microscopy in anaesthetized mice. Odorants evoked patterns of discrete Ca(2+) signals throughout the neuropil of a glomerulus. Across glomeruli, Ca(2+) signals occurred with equal probability in all glomerular regions. Within single glomeruli, the pattern of intraglomerular Ca(2+) signals was indistinguishable for stimuli of different duration, identity, and concentration. Moreover, the response time course of the signals was similar throughout the glomerulus. Hence, sensory inputs to individual glomeruli are spatially heterogeneous but seem to be functionally indiscriminate. These results support the view of olfactory glomeruli as functional units in representing sensory information.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wachowiak M,Denk W,Friedrich RWdoi
10.1073/pnas.0400438101keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-06-15 00:00:00pages
9097-102issue
24eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0400438101journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The INT6 gene has been implicated in human breast cancer formation, but its function is unknown. We isolated an Int6 homolog from fission yeast, Yin6, by its binding to a conserved protein in the Ras pathway, Moe1. Yin6 and Moe1 converge on the same protein complex to promote microtubule instability/disassembly. Yin6 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14370
更新日期:2000-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::A low molecular weight inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis effective at subnanomolar concentrations is formed on incubation of cytoplasmic extracts from interferon-treated cells with double-stranded RNA and ATP. It can be conveniently synthesized by incubating a poly(I).poly(C)-Sepharose-bound enzyme fraction fro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.1.256
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a master regulator of functional Ig heavy chain (IgH) expression, the IgH 3' regulatory region (3'RR) controls multiple transcription events at various stages of B-cell ontogeny, from newly formed B cells until the ultimate plasma cell stage. The IgH 3'RR plays a pivotal role in early B-cell receptor expression, ge...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1514090113
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated a set of regulatory mutants defective in transcription termination at the attenuator in the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan (trp) operon. In vivo the mutants have 2- to 4-fold increased levels of expression of the trp operon above the level of the trpR parental strain. These levels ar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4833
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generation of nanomechanical cantilever motion from biomolecular interactions can have wide applications, ranging from high-throughput biomolecular detection to bioactuation. Although it has been suggested that such motion is caused by changes in surface stress of a cantilever beam, the origin of the surface-stress ch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.031362498
更新日期:2001-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is a member of a family of G protein-coupled receptors for proteases. Proteases cleave PARs within the extracellular N-terminal domains to expose tethered ligands that bind to and activate the cleaved receptors. PAR-2 is highly expressed in colon in epithelial and neuronal e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.241377298
更新日期:2001-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::The amphibian tetradecapeptide, bombesin (BBS) has been shown to stimulate insulin secretion both in vivo and by pancreatic islet cells in vitro. To determine whether BBS can act directly on pancreatic beta cells, we examined its effects on insulin secretion by HIT-T15 cells (HIT cells), a clonal islet cell line. Addi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.6.1822
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present here the complete genome sequence of a common avian clone of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. The genome of Pm70 is a single circular chromosome 2,257,487 base pairs in length and contains 2,014 predicted coding regions, 6 ribosomal RNA operons, and 57 tRNAs. Genome-scale evolutionary analyses based on pairwise...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.051634598
更新日期:2001-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously extracted a protein from inflammatory mouse granuloma that fully protects normal mice against lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection. We now report that polyclonal antibodies directed against this protein react with a human urinary fraction that also provides full protection of normal mice against ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.10.4358
更新日期:1992-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In epithelia, a primary damage of tight junctions (TJ) always leads to a secondary disruption of adherens junction (AJ), and vice versa. This response, if occurring in the testis, would disrupt spermatogenesis because the blood-testis barrier (BTB) must remain intact during the transit of spermatids in the seminiferou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001823107
更新日期:2010-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::An enzymatic activity, having the properties expected of a B-specific host-controlled modification enzyme, has been purified from an extract of Escherichia coli strain B. This activity renders the unmodified replicative form of phage fd resistant to B-specific restriction and is only present in strains carrying intact...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.2.556
更新日期:1969-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The trinucleotide CCA sequence is present at the 3' terminus of all mature tRNAs. Despite this high degree of conservation, we have been able to prepare in vitro transcripts of Escherichia coli tRNA(Val) with altered 3' termini that are readily aminoacylated and can function in polypeptide synthesis. Replacement of th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10389
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Differences between early and late passage cell cultures on the organelle and macromolecular levels have been attributed to cellular "aging". However, concern has been expressed over whether changes in diploid cell populations after serial passage in vitro accurately reflect human cellular aging in vivo. Studies were ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.10.3584
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomes are compacted hundreds of times to fit in the cell, packaged into dynamic folds whose structures are largely unknown. Here, we examine patterns in gene locations to infer large-scale features of bacterial chromosomes. Specifically, we analyzed >100 genomes and identified thousands of gene pairs that displa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610776104
更新日期:2007-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of α-synuclein (α-syn), e.g., phosphorylation, play an important role in modulating α-syn pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) and α-synucleinopathies. Accumulation of phosphorylated α-syn fibrils in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the histological hallmark of these diseases. H...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1922741117
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis of the proteins laminin and collagen IV is stimulated approximately equal to 20-fold in F9 mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells after treatment of the cells with retinoic acid and N6, O2'-dibutyryl-cAMP (Bt2cAMP). A cDNA library from F9 cells treated with retinoic acid, Bt2cAMP, and theophylline (F9-R + DBC ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.19.5880
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to the metabolic actions of insulin on liver. Here, we show that mice with a liver-specific deletion of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K (L-Pik3r1KO) exhibit a paradoxical improvement of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Although PI3K enzymatic a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604628103
更新日期:2006-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of the MEK/ERK/Elk-signaling cascade is a mechanism for relaying mitogenic and stress stimuli for gene activation. MEK1 is the proximate kinase for activation of ERK1/2, and nuclear targeting of ERK1/2 is obligatory for Elk1 transcriptional activity. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a recently described...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800750105
更新日期:2008-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::The Japanese firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans, emits intense flashes of light from three tiny luminous organs that are located at the tip of each of a pair of ventral arms. Light is also produced from hundreds of other minute organs that are scattered over the body. The luminescence is due to an ATP-dependent reac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4629
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many developmental processes, including fruit ripening, abscission, senescence, and leaf epinasty. Tomato contains a family of ethylene receptors, designated LeETR1, LeETR2, NR, LeETR4, and LeETR5, with homology to the Arabidopsis ETR1 ethylene receptor. Transgenic plants with...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.090550597
更新日期:2000-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas several apoptosis-related proteins have been linked to the antiapoptotic effects of Akt serine-threonine kinase, the search continues to explain the Akt signaling role in promoting cell survival via antiapoptotic effects. Here, we demonstrate that Akt phosphorylates the androgen receptor (AR) at Ser-210 and Se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.121173298
更新日期:2001-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The structurally diverse peroxisome proliferators ciprofibrate, clofibrate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [(EtHx)2 greater than Pht] increase the activities of hepatic catalase and peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes in conjunction with profound proliferation of peroxisomes in hepatocytes. In order to deli...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.6.1747
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4-expressing T cells in lymphoid organs are infected by the primary strains of HIV and represent one of the main sources of virus replication. Gene therapy strategies are being developed that allow the transfer of exogenous genes into CD4(+) T lymphocytes whose expression might prevent viral infection or replication...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8640
更新日期:1997-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PtdInsP(3)) mediates intracellular signaling for directional sensing and pseudopod extension at the leading edge of migrating cells during chemotaxis. How this PtdInsP(3) signal is translated into remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here, using a proteo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1006153107
更新日期:2010-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription factor TFIID consists of TATA binding protein (TBP) and at least eight TBP-associated factors (TAFs). As TAFs are required for activated but not basal transcription, we have proposed that TAFs act as coactivators to mediate signals between activators and the basal transcription machinery. Here we report ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5788
更新日期:1995-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of hexose transport in NIL hamster fibroblasts has been studied in confluent cultures preconditioned for 24 hr in media deprived of glutamine or of serum or of both. Cultures maintained in media containing dialyzed fetal calf serum and 4 mM glutamine accumulated up to 72 nmol of glutamine per mg of cell pro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.5958
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases plasma viremia below the limits of detection in the majority of HIV-infected individuals, thus serving to slow disease progression. However, HAART targets only actively replicating virus and is unable to eliminate latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells. Such in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1302634110
更新日期:2013-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human migration inhibitory factor (MIF), isolated through functional expression cloning in COS-1 cells, up-regulates expression of genes encoding HLA-DR and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and elaboration of IL-1 beta by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Administration of soluble bovine serum albumin or h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8049
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining trend and implementing detrending operations are important steps in data analysis. Yet there is no precise definition of "trend" nor any logical algorithm for extracting it. As a result, various ad hoc extrinsic methods have been used to determine trend and to facilitate a detrending operation. In this art...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701020104
更新日期:2007-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::A plasmid containing the rat preproinsulin I gene was entrapped in large liposomes and intravenously administered to rats. Four hours after inoculation, the livers were processed for the isolation of hepatocytes. Kupffer cells, and endothelial cells, DNA was purified, and the exogenous DNA was detected in the differen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.23.7128
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00