Abstract:
:We have selected from a mixture of random polynucleotides an RNA that is able to replicate in the presence of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, provided the medium contains Mn(2+) and ITP, in addition to ATP, CTP, and UTP. The RNA consists of a chain of about 125 (+/-25) nucleotides and appears to have a defined, nonrepetitive sequence.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Biebricher CK,Orgel LEdoi
10.1073/pnas.70.3.934subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1973-03-01 00:00:00pages
934-8issue
3eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Influenza A virus (IAV) has a segmented genome, which (i) allows for exchange of gene segments in coinfected cells, termed reassortment, and (ii) necessitates a selective packaging mechanism to ensure incorporation of a complete set of segments into virus particles. Packaging signals serve as segment identifiers and e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818494116
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological treatments designed to reactivate fetal γ-globin can lead to an effective and successful clinical outcome in patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, new approaches remain highly desired because such treatments are not equally effective for all patients, and toxicity issues remain. We have taken a sy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912896107
更新日期:2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is known that the c-myc oncogene is rearranged in a head-to-head fashion with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas, it has not been clear whether the c-myc oncogene is translocated to the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 or whether the heavy chain locus is translocated to the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.4212
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutant I1A cells, lacking IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) mRNA and protein, have been used to study the involvement of IRAK in NFkappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. A series of IRAK deletion constructs were expressed in I1A cells, which were then tested for their ability to respond to IL-1. Bot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.071054198
更新日期:2001-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle of trypanosomatids initiates at a conserved 12-nt sequence, 5'-GGGGTTGGTGTA-3', termed the universal minicircle sequence (UMS). A sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein from Crithidia fasciculata binds the heavy strand of the 12-mer UMS. Whereas this ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.23.10511
更新日期:1995-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is known to cause tumorigenesis through induction of DNA and lipid damage. It also promotes cancer progression through a largely unknown mechanism. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is a novel oxidative stress-induced antioxidant protein whose function in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has not been well studie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013012108
更新日期:2011-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The polyomavirus enhancer is composed of multiple DNA sequence elements serving as binding sites for proteins present in mouse nuclear extracts that activate transcription and DNA replication. We have identified three such proteins and their binding sites and correlate them with enhancer function. Mutation of nucleoti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.16.5839
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subcortical structures play a critical role in brain function. However, options for assessing electrophysiological activity in these structures are limited. Electromagnetic fields generated by neuronal activity in subcortical structures can be recorded noninvasively, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencep...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705414114
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies of diverse rearrangements of variable (V)lambda to joining (J)lambda gene segments were examined by Southern blot hybridization in 30 murine B-cell lines, each producing an immunoglobulin lambda light chain of known subtype (lambda 1, lambda 2, or lambda 3). For 11 out of 12 lambda 1 chains, the rearra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.8.2484
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a homologous in vitro transcription system that requires (i) 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (called TCDD or dioxin), (ii) the Ah receptor, and (iii) a dioxin-responsive enhancer for activity. Unfractionated nuclear extracts from mouse hepatoma cells contain an inhibitor and fail to direct transc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8545
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the majority of human tumors, expression of the c-MYC oncogene becomes constitutive. Here, we report that c-MYC directly regulates the expression of AP4 via CACGTG motifs in the first intron of the AP4 gene. Induction of AP4 was required for c-MYC-mediated cell cycle reentry of anti-estrogen arrested breast cancer ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801773105
更新日期:2008-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The cytoplasmic Myc protein (c-Myc) regulates various human genes and is dysregulated in many human cancers. Phosphorylation mediates the protein activation of c-Myc and is essential for the function of this transcription factor in normal cell behavior and tumor growth. To date, however, the targeting of Myc as a ther...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1007443107
更新日期:2010-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Two approaches have been explored for the synthesis of double-stranded DNA from single-stranded DNA template complementary to rabbit 9S globin mRNA (cDNA). (i) cDNA was elongated with dCMP or dTMP homopolymeric tracts using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.31; nucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyle...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.10.3418
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier report, evidence was presented that the down-regulation of beta-actin mRNA during myogenesis was controlled by a region 3' to the promoter of the gene. In this paper we report the location of this regulatory sequence, determined by deletion analysis and the use of chimeric genes, transfected stably into ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.5.1389
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral genome packaging into capsids is powered by high-force-generating motor proteins. In the presence of all packaging components, ATP-powered translocation in vitro expels all detectable tightly bound YOYO-1 dye from packaged short dsDNA substrates and removes all aminoacridine dye from packaged genomic DNA in vivo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214318109
更新日期:2012-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebellar development occurs mainly postnatally and implies cell proliferation and migration. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Met are involved in mediating these responses in other tissues and are coexpressed in the cerebellum. Here we show that Met is localized in granule cell precursors and that cultures of thes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.222362099
更新日期:2002-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is expected to influence the capacities of the land and oceans to act as repositories for anthropogenic CO2 and hence provide a feedback to climate change. A series of experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Climate System Model 1 coupled carbon-climate model shows that carbon sink...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504949102
更新日期:2005-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubules are polarized polymers that exhibit dynamic instability, with alternating phases of elongation and shortening, particularly at the more dynamic plus-end. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to and track with growing microtubule plus-ends in the cell. +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807614106
更新日期:2009-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Natal dispersal, the process through which immature individuals permanently depart their natal area in search of new sites, is integral to the ecology and evolution of animals. Insights about the underlying causes of natal dispersal arise mainly from research on species whose short dispersal distances or restricted di...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0710732105
更新日期:2008-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::The plant photoreceptor phytochrome plays an important role in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Numerous studies imply, however, that phytochromes in both higher and lower plants mediate physiological reactions within the cytoplasm. In particular, the tip cells of moss protonemal filaments use phytochrome ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0403140101
更新日期:2004-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::One of the morphological hallmarks of terminally differentiated secretory cells is highly proliferated membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the molecular basis for the high rate of protein biosynthesis in these cells remains poorly documented. An important aspect of ER translational control is the mol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1901742116
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the influence of a photothrombotic lesion in somatosensory cortex on plasticity in the mouse visual system and the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment to rescue compromised learning. To challenge plasticity mechanisms, we induced monocular deprivation (MD) in 3-mo-old mice. In control animals, MD induced...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1016458108
更新日期:2011-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::The synaptic vesicle membrane protein synaptotagmin (tagmin) is essential for fast, calcium-dependent, neurotransmitter release and is likely to be the calcium sensor for exocytosis, because of its many calcium-dependent properties. Polyphosphoinositides are needed for exocytosis, but it has not been known why. We now...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13327
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently discovered that cationic cholesterol derivatives characterized by guanidinium polar headgroups are very efficient for gene transfection in vitro and in vivo. In spite of being based on some rationale at the molecular level, the development of these new synthetic vectors was nevertheless empirical. Ind...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.2621
更新日期:1999-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::A nuclear protein, termed leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein (LANP), has been isolated from among rat cerebellar proteins whose expression was transiently increased during an early stage of postnatal development. The amino acid sequence, deduced from its cDNA, showed that LANP contains 247 amino acids consisting of t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9670
更新日期:1994-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::The human papillomavirus E7 protein is phosphorylated at the two serines in positions 31/32, which are part of a consensus sequence for casein kinase II (CKII). In this study, we have investigated the effect of CKII phosphorylation site mutations, all of which lead to unphosphorylated E7 proteins. The replacement of t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5187
更新日期:1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude extracts of E. coli yields a soluble enzyme fraction (about 25-fold purification) that catalyzes the conversion of phiX174 single-stranded DNA to duplex DNA. The reaction is rifampicin-resistant, requires single-stranded DNA, Mg++, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and ATP, and is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.10.3907
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, originating in the Tropical Pacific, is the strongest natural interannual climate signal and has widespread effects on the global climate system and the ecology of the Tropical Pacific. Any strong change in ENSO statistics will therefore have serious climatic and eco...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0710860105
更新日期:2009-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Antiviral and macrophage-priming activities in the supernatant medium of a subclone of a concanavalin A-stimulated mouse T-cell hybridoma were investigated. The two activities were associated with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 and could not be separated by various approaches. Both activities were eliminat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.12.3782
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optical imaging of individual vesicle exocytosis is providing new insights into the mechanism and regulation of secretion by cells. To study calcium-triggered secretion from astrocytes, we used acridine orange (AO) to label vesicles. Although AO is often used for imaging exocytosis, we found that imaging vesicles labe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704935104
更新日期:2007-08-28 00:00:00