Abstract:
:An electrophoretic karyotype of Aspergillus nidulans has been obtained using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. Six chromosomal bands were separated, with two of the bands migrating as doublets. Using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes as size standards, we estimate the sizes of the chromosomes to be between 2.9 and 5.0 megabase pairs (mb) with a total genome size of approximately 31 mb. Four of the eight genetic linkage groups were assigned to chromosomal bands by hybridization of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel blots with various radiolabeled probes each specific to a particular linkage group. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel analysis of reciprocal translocation strains gave chromosomal assignments for the four remaining linkage groups. In order of decreasing size, the A. nidulans chromosomes are: VIII (5.0 mb), VII (4.5 mb), II (4.2 mb), I and V (3.8 mb), III and VI (3.5 mb), and IV (2.9 mb).
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Brody H,Carbon Jdoi
10.1073/pnas.86.16.6260subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-08-01 00:00:00pages
6260-3issue
16eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Chronic inflammation results in increased nitrogen monoxide (.NO) formation and the accumulation of nitrite (NO(2-)). Neutrophils stimulated by various inflammatory mediators release myeloperoxidase to produce the cytotoxic agent hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Exposure of chondrocytic SW1353 cells to HOCl resulted in a con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.152462399
更新日期:2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, self-recognition and the thereby promoted aggregation of thousands of cells into protective flocs is mediated by a family of cell-surface adhesins, the flocculins (Flo). Based on this social behavior FLO genes fulfill the definition of "greenbeard" genes, which direct coo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013210108
更新日期:2010-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::A key idea in Lashley's formulation of the problem of serial order in behavior is the postulated neural representation of all serial elements before the action begins. We studied this question by recording the activity of individual neurons simultaneously in small ensembles in prefrontal cortex while monkeys copied ge...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.162485599
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perhydrohistrionicotoxin, at concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-7) M, depressed the current generated by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine to endplate regions of soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats. However, no changes in the amplitude or time course of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials or...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.3.1596
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2308
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as fatty alcohols and petroleum-derived alkanes have numerous applications in the chemical industry. In recent years, the renewable synthesis of aliphatic hydrocarbons has been made possible by engineering microbes to overaccumulate fatty acids. However, to generate end products with the de...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1216516110
更新日期:2013-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Inadequate target exposure is a major cause of high attrition in drug discovery. Here, we show that a label-free method for quantifying the intracellular bioavailability (Fic) of drug molecules predicts drug access to intracellular targets and hence, pharmacological effect. We determined Fic in multiple cellular assay...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1701848114
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the world's around 6,000 languages are in danger of disappearing as people give up use of a minority language in favor of the majority language in a process called language shift. Language shift can be monitored on a large scale through the use of mathematical models by way of differential equations, for examp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1617252114
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The crystal structure of human angiogenin (reported in the preceding paper in this issue) reveals that the site that corresponds to the pyrimidine binding site of RNase A is obstructed by Gln-117. Mutation of this residue to Ala and Gly is here found to increase activity 11- to 18-fold and 21- to 30-fold, respectively...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.8.2920
更新日期:1994-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1, a receptor for VEGF-A and placental growth factor, is expressed in the spongiotrophoblast layer that segregates the maternal and fetal vasculature in the mouse placenta. A soluble form of Flt1 (sFlt1) produced in the mouse and huma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2635424100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Of two closely related species of geese, one, the greylag goose, lives in the Indian plains all year round, while the other, the bar-headed goose, lives at the Tibetan lakes and migrates across the Himalayas to winter in India. Another species, the Andean goose, lives in the High Andes all year round. Possession of a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.15.6519
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was reported that the rate of elongation of partially reconstituted RNA, if prepared without centrifugation, showed dependency upon the state of protein aggregation like that found when free RNA was used as the nucleic acid source [Butler, P. J. G. (1974) J. Mol. Biol. 82, 333-341]. Butler concluded from this resul...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.2.552
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found that two markers of differentiation, tyrosinase (monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) activity and melanin synthesis, are induced by diazepam in B16/C3 mouse melanoma cells. We also demonstrated high-affinity binding sites for [3H]diazepam in these cells by radioreceptor ass...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3935
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stabilization of neuronal activity by homeostatic control systems is fundamental for proper functioning of neural circuits. Failure in neuronal homeostasis has been hypothesized to underlie common pathophysiological mechanisms in a variety of brain disorders. However, the key molecules regulating homeostasis in centra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1424810112
更新日期:2015-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies have revealed that genetic variations in metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3) affect performance on cognitive tasks dependent upon the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and may be linked to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction. We have performed a series of studies ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1416196112
更新日期:2015-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::The supposition that agricultural intensification results in land sparing for conservation has become central to policy formulations across the tropics. However, underlying assumptions remain uncertain and have been little explored in the context of conservation incentive schemes such as policies for Reducing Emission...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1220070110
更新日期:2013-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::NGC 7027 shows the richest spectrum of any known gaseous nebula. In the region of the spectrum surveyed we have measured lines of ions of H, He, C, N, O, F, Ne, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe using the new Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph of Lick Observatory with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. Since a C...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2417
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the gene encoding the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) produce congenital aganglionic megacolon and pigment abnormalities in mice and humans. Here we report a naturally occurring null mutation of the EDNRB gene in spotting lethal (sl) rats, which exhibit aganglionic megacolon associated with white coat ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.2.867
更新日期:1996-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli Min system self-organizes into a cell-pole to cell-pole oscillator on the membrane to prevent divisions at the cell poles. Reconstituting the Min system on a lipid bilayer has contributed to elucidating the oscillatory mechanism. However, previous in vitro patterns were attained with protein densi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1600644113
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::It is proved that the well known Nagata automorphism of the polynomial ring in three variables over a field of characteristic zero is wild, that is, it can not be decomposed into a product of elementary automorphisms. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1735483100
更新日期:2003-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The self-association of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein (TIR) domains has been implicated in signaling in plant and animal immunity receptors. Structure-based studies identified different TIR-domain dimerization interfaces required for signaling of the plant nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-lik...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1621248114
更新日期:2017-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::The fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus, shows many well-defined responses to a number of external stimuli. Genetic analysis shows that at least eight genes are involved in Phycomyces sensory transduction. As a first step toward the molecular analysis of these genes and their products, we have developed a transformation ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7344
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the interaction of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) with cultured primary granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, a suspected natural site of viral latency, and have established conditions for latent infection and reactivation in this cell population. Progenitor cells from human fetal liver or bone marrow ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.11879
更新日期:1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP/MS) has recently emerged as a preferred method in the analysis of protein complex components and cellular protein networks. Targeting endogenous protein complexes of higher eukaryotes, particularly in large-scale efforts, has been challenging due to cellular hetero...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912599106
更新日期:2010-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::We provide a framework for structural multiscale geometric organization of graphs and subsets of R(n). We use diffusion semigroups to generate multiscale geometries in order to organize and represent complex structures. We show that appropriately selected eigenfunctions or scaling functions of Markov matrices, which d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500334102
更新日期:2005-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular basis of bacterial cell morphogenesis remains largely an open question. Here we discover a morphogenic protein, RodZ, which is widely conserved across the bacterial kingdom. In Caulobacter crescentus, RodZ is essential for viability and is involved in all aspects of this organism's complex morphology. De...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810794106
更新日期:2009-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::A novel OTX-related homeodomain transcription factor has been identified on the basis of its ability to interact with the transactivation domain of the pituitary-specific POU domain protein, Pit-1. This factor, referred to as P-OTX (pituitary OTX-related factor), is expressed in primordial Rathke's pouch, oral epithel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7706
更新日期:1996-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Human hepatitis B virus genome encodes a protein, termed HBx, that is widely recognized as a transcriptional transactivator. While HBx does not directly bind cis-acting transcriptional control elements, it has been shown to associate with cellular proteins that bind DNA. Because HBx transactivated a large number of vi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.20.10578
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three-dimensional map of the positions of four idiotypic determinants (idiotopes or Ids) and an isotypic determinant was derived by transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained immune complexes. Each complex was composed of a monoclonal Id-expressing IgG and one or two varieties of monoclonal anti-Id (or a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.4984
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conversion of light energy into ion gradients across biological membranes is one of the most fundamental reactions in primary biological energy transduction. Recently, the structure of the first light-activated Na+ pump, Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2), was resolved at atomic resolution [Kato HE, et al. (...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1703625114
更新日期:2017-07-03 00:00:00