Adaptation of bird hemoglobins to high altitudes: demonstration of molecular mechanism by protein engineering.

abstract：:The activated human Ha-ras oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the murine whey acidic protein (Wap) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The Wap-ras gene was stably introduced into the mouse germ line of five transgenic mice (one male and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Andres AC,Schönenberger CA,Groner B,Hennighausen L,LeMeur M,Gerlinger P

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymic microenvironment involves complex cell interactions among different types of epithelial cells, macrophages, tissue histiocytes, and immature and maturing T cells. We describe the isolation of a subset of thymic epithelial cells by selective primary culture followed by cotransfection with a simian virus 40 r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mizutani S,Watt SM,Robertson D,Hussein S,Healy LE,Furley AJ,Greaves MF

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gamma-aminobutyrate-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) is a major target of autoantibodies associated with both early and late stages of pancreatic beta-cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes. We have used five monoclonal anti-islet-cell antibod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richter W,Shi Y,Baekkeskov S

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is shown that a very simple semiempirical equation represents quite accurately the thermodynamic properties of aqueous sodium chloride from 373 to 823 K. The equation comprises one Margules term and a Debye-Hückel term. Just the one Margules parameter is freely adjustable because the Debye-Hückel parameter is deter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pitzer KS,Li YG

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells are nonequilibrium systems that exchange matter and energy with the environment to sustain their metabolic needs. The nonequilibrium nature of this system presents considerable challenges to developing a general theory describing its behavior; however, when studied at appropriate spatiotemporal scales, the behav...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang AY,Marshall WF

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:An enzymatic activity, having the properties expected of a B-specific host-controlled modification enzyme, has been purified from an extract of Escherichia coli strain B. This activity renders the unmodified replicative form of phage fd resistant to B-specific restriction and is only present in strains carrying intact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kühnlein U,Linn S,Arber W

更新日期：1969-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When an ice crystal is born from liquid water, two key changes occur: (i) The molecules order and (ii) the mobility of the molecules drops as they adopt their lattice positions. Most research on ice nucleation (and crystallization in general) has focused on understanding the former with less attention paid to the latt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fitzner M,Sosso GC,Cox SJ,Michaelides A

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The transforming growth factors beta (TGF-beta s) are important modulators of growth and differentiation. They are intermolecular disulfide-bonded homodimeric molecules. The monomer fold has a conserved cystine knot and lacks a hydrophobic core. The biological specificity of a given member of the family is believed to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Venkataraman G,Sasisekharan V,Cooney CL,Langer R,Sasisekharan R

更新日期：1995-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an often fatal disease primarily affecting young women in which tuberin (TSC2)-null cells metastasize to the lungs. The mechanisms underlying the striking female predominance of LAM are unknown. We report here that 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) causes a 3- to 5-fold increase in pulmonary m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu JJ,Robb VA,Morrison TA,Ariazi EA,Karbowniczek M,Astrinidis A,Wang C,Hernandez-Cuebas L,Seeholzer LF,Nicolas E,Hensley H,Jordan VC,Walker CL,Henske EP

更新日期：2009-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA fragments encoding the mouse steroid 21-hydroxylase (C21 or Cyp21A1) gene are de novo methylated when introduced into the mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line Y1 by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Although CCGG sequences within the C21 gene are de novo methylated, CCGG sites within flanking vector sequences, other mam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szyf M,Schimmer BP,Seidman JG

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variants of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDHase, EC 1.3.99.10) in 15 isovaleric acidemia fibroblast lines were analyzed using [35S]methionine labeling, immunoprecipitation with anti-rat IVDHase antiserum, and NaDodSo4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five distinct variants of IVDHase were detected. The molecular ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ikeda Y,Keese SM,Tanaka K

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrated single-crystal-like small and wide-angle X-ray diffraction images of a CdSe nanosheet under pressure provide direct experimental evidence for the detailed pathway of transformation of the CdSe from a wurtzite to a rock-salt structure. Two consecutive planar atomic slips [(001) {110} in parallel and (102) {1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Z,Wen XD,Hoffmann R,Son JS,Li R,Fang CC,Smilgies DM,Hyeon T

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell couples have been formed by mixing an antigen- and Ia-specific cloned helper T-cell line with a B-cell hybridoma presenting the antigen. By immunofluorescence observations, we have shown that the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) inside the helper T cell, but not in the bound antigen-presenting cell, becomes o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kupfer A,Swain SL,Janeway CA Jr,Singer SJ

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is a 42-amino acid gastrointestinal regulatory peptide that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of glucose. Approximately 7.8 x 10(5) recombinant clones of a neonatal rat intestinal cDNA library were screened by using plaque hybridizati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tseng CC,Jarboe LA,Landau SB,Williams EK,Wolfe MM

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We use alternating-laser excitation to achieve fluorescence-aided molecule sorting (FAMS) and enable simultaneous analysis of biomolecular structure and interactions at the level of single molecules. This was performed by labeling biomolecules with fluorophores that serve as donor-acceptor pairs for Förster resonance ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kapanidis AN,Lee NK,Laurence TA,Doose S,Margeat E,Weiss S

更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats displayed pronounced intracellular and intercellular changes after 48 hr of exposure to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in vitro. As determined by light and electron microscopy, most of the FSH-treated cells became highly aggregated and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amsterdam A,Knecht M,Catt KJ

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned and completely sequenced a gene encoding the heavy chain of Dictyostelium myosin I. Like the myosin I molecules from Acanthamoeba, the Dictyostelium myosin I heavy chain is composed of a globular head domain fused to a 45-kDa glycine-, proline-, and alanine-rich carboxyl-terminal domain, rather than the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jung G,Saxe CL 3rd,Kimmel AR,Hammer JA 3rd

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The x-ray crystal structure of an oligomeric miniprotein has been determined to a 1.2-A resolution by means of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction phasing with selenomethionine analogs that retain the biophysical characteristics of the native peptide. Peptide 1, comprising alpha and beta secondary structure elements...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ali MH,Peisach E,Allen KN,Imperiali B

更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A duplex 21 nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA) against human Keap1 is described that represents a unique class of cancer chemopreventive agent. This siRNA can knockdown Keap1 mRNA and thereby relieve negative regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated gene expression. The siRNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Devling TW,Lindsay CD,McLellan LI,McMahon M,Hayes JD

更新日期：2005-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonribosomal peptides and polyketides are a diverse group of natural products with complex chemical structures and enormous pharmaceutical potential. They are synthesized on modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme complexes by a conserved thiotemplate mechanism. Here, we rep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang H,Fewer DP,Holm L,Rouhiainen L,Sivonen K

更新日期：2014-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Extreme animal movements are usually associated with a single, high-performance behavior. However, the remarkably rapid mandible strikes of the trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus bauri, can yield multiple functional outcomes. Here we investigate the biomechanics of mandible strikes in O. bauri and find that the extreme mandib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patek SN,Baio JE,Fisher BL,Suarez AV

更新日期：2006-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma norepinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.17.1) activity were measured in rats. Adrenergic neuron blockade with bretylium for 4 hr and ganglion blockade with chlorisondamine for 72 hr lowered plasma norepinephrine. Neither treatment altered plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. Phenoxybenzamine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid JL,Kopin IJ

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the mechanisms of Salmonella virulence is an important challenge. The capacity of this intracellular bacterial pathogen to cause diseases depends on the expression of virulence factors including the second type III secretion system (TTSS-2), which is used to translocate into the eukaryotic cytosol a set ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henry T,Couillault C,Rockenfeller P,Boucrot E,Dumont A,Schroeder N,Hermant A,Knodler LA,Lecine P,Steele-Mortimer O,Borg JP,Gorvel JP,Méresse S

更新日期：2006-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane-mediated particle interactions depend both on the properties of the particles themselves and the membrane environment in which they are suspended. Experiments have shown that chiral rod-like inclusions dissolved in a colloidal membrane of opposite handedness assemble into colloidal rafts, which are finite-siz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller JM,Joshi C,Sharma P,Baskaran A,Baskaran A,Grason GM,Hagan MF,Dogic Z

更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomass burning drives changes in greenhouse gases, climate-forcing aerosols, and global atmospheric chemistry. There is controversy about the magnitude and timing of changes in biomass burning emissions on millennial time scales from preindustrial to present and about the relative importance of climate change and hum...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nicewonger MR,Aydin M,Prather MJ,Saltzman ES

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Meningococcal meningitis remains a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Until recently, countries in the African meningitis belt were susceptible to devastating outbreaks, largely attributed to serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenA). Vaccination with glycoconjugates of MenA capsular polysaccharid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henriques P,Dello Iacono L,Gimeno A,Biolchi A,Romano MR,Arda A,Bernardes GJL,Jimenez-Barbero J,Berti F,Rappuoli R,Adamo R

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In most cervical carcinoma cells the E6 and E7 genes of specific human papillomaviruses are transcribed from viral sequences integrated into host cell chromosomes. Glucocorticoids activate the promoter elements of various human papillomaviruses in transient-expression assays. We have analyzed the effect of dexamethaso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： von Knebel Doeberitz M,Bauknecht T,Bartsch D,zur Hausen H

更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine a nonreciprocally coupled dynamical model of a mixture of two diffusing species. We demonstrate that nonreciprocity, which is encoded in the model via antagonistic cross-diffusivities, provides a generic mechanism for the emergence of traveling patterns in purely diffusive systems with conservative dynamics...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： You Z,Baskaran A,Marchetti MC

更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In cat retina, antisera directed against tyrosine hydroxylase (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; EC 1.14.16.2) labeled three morphologically distinct classes of neurons; amacrine cells, displaced amacrine cells, and interplexiform cells. These three cell populations differed not only in their morphologies but also in their nu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oyster CW,Takahashi ES,Cilluffo M,Brecha NC

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both treatment of disease and basic studies of complex tissues can benefit from directing viral vector infection to specific cell types. We have used a unique cell targeting method to direct viral vector transduction to cerebral cortical neurons expressing the neuregulin (NRG) receptor ErbB4; both NRG and ErbB4 have b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Choi J,Young JA,Callaway EM

更新日期：2010-09-21 00:00:00