Large changes in biomass burning over the last millennium inferred from paleoatmospheric ethane in polar ice cores.

abstract：:We demonstrate that the BC200 RNA gene, which encodes a neural small cytoplasmic RNA, is a member of the most prodigious family of interspersed repetitive DNA and that its product represents an example of a primate tissue-specific RNA polymerase III transcript. The BC200 RNA gene is an early monomeric member and one o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martignetti JA,Brosius J

更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The integrin receptor alphavbeta5 controls two independent forms of interactions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with adjacent photoreceptor outer segments that are essential for vision. Alphavbeta5 localizes specifically to apical microvilli of the RPE and contributes to retinal adhesion that maintains RPE co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nandrot EF,Anand M,Almeida D,Atabai K,Sheppard D,Finnemann SC

更新日期：2007-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Although genetic analysis has demonstrated that members of the winged helix, or forkhead, family of transcription factors play pivotal roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation and proliferation, both during development and in the adult, little is known of the mechanisms underlying their regulation. Here we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biggs WH 3rd,Meisenhelder J,Hunter T,Cavenee WK,Arden KC

更新日期：1999-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutations recovered at the fitness-1 (fit1) locus in mouse chromosome 7 cause hematopoietic abnormalities, growth retardation, and shortened life span, with varying severity of the defects in different alleles. Abnormal iron distribution and metabolism and frequent scolios...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klebig ML,Wall MD,Potter MD,Rowe EL,Carpenter DA,Rinchik EM

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive, labor-saving, and easily automatable nonradioactive procedure named APEX-FCS (amplified probe extension detected by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) has been established to detect specific in vitro amplification of pathogen genomic sequences. As an example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA was...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walter NG,Schwille P,Eigen M

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway allows the immune system to distinguish between self and nonself. Despite extensive research on the processing of antigenic peptides, little is known about their origin. Here, we show that mRNAs carrying premature stop codons that prevent the production of full-length prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Apcher S,Daskalogianni C,Lejeune F,Manoury B,Imhoos G,Heslop L,Fåhraeus R

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A general and efficient method has been developed to generate large numbers of single-base substitution mutations simply and rapidly. A unique f1 phage recombinant DNA cloning vector is described, which contains the phi X174 origin of viral strand DNA synthesis and allows one to direct mutagenesis to any specific segm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abarzúa P,Marians KJ

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myoglobin-mediated oxygen delivery to intracellular mitochondria is demonstrated in cardiac myocytes isolated from the hearts of mature rats. Myocytes are held at high ambient oxygen pressure, 40-340 torr (5-45 kPa); sarcoplasmic myoglobin is fully oxygenated. In this condition oxygen availability does not limit respi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wittenberg BA,Wittenberg JB

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural network function requires an appropriate balance of excitation and inhibition to be maintained by homeostatic plasticity. However, little is known about homeostatic mechanisms in the intact central brain in vivo. Here, we study homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body, where Kenyon cells receive f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Apostolopoulou AA,Lin AC

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular growth and differentiation factors induce changes in gene expression in the nucleus by initiating a series of protein associations that alter the subcellular localization of intracellular signaling proteins. Initial events involve receptor homo- or heterodimerization and subsequent recruitment of cytosol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Belshaw PJ,Ho SN,Crabtree GR,Schreiber SL

更新日期：1996-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We used positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the role of the hippocampal formation in implicit and explicit memory. Human volunteers studied a list of familiar words, and then they either provided the first word that came to mind in response to three-letter cues (implicit memory) or tried to recall studied wo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schacter DL,Alpert NM,Savage CR,Rauch SL,Albert MS

更新日期：1996-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial conjugation systems are members of the large type IV secretion system (T4SS) superfamily. Conjugative transfer of F plasmids residing in the Enterobacteriaceae was first reported in the 1940s, yet the architecture of F plasmid-encoded transfer channel and its physical relationship with the F pilus remain unk...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu B,Khara P,Christie PJ

更新日期：2019-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental temperature impacts the physical activity and ecology of ectothermic animals through its effects on muscle contractile physiology. Sprinting, swimming, and jumping performance of ectotherms decreases by at least 33% over a 10 degrees C drop, accompanied by a similar decline in muscle power. We propose th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson CV,Deban SM

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, numerous inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease have been reported, but few have been studied extensively in humans, primarily as a consequence of poor oral bioavailability in animal models. L-735,524 represents a class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors, termed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vacca JP,Dorsey BD,Schleif WA,Levin RB,McDaniel SL,Darke PL,Zugay J,Quintero JC,Blahy OM,Roth E

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:E2F is a cellular transcription factor that binds to two sites in the adenovirus E2 promoter. Previous experiments have implicated E2F in the E1A-dependent transactivation of the E2 gene since levels of active E2F increase markedly during adenovirus infection in parallel with the increase in E2 transcription, and an E...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hiebert SW,Lipp M,Nevins JR

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a critical signaling hub responsible for translating antigen binding signals to immune receptors for the activation of the AP-1 and NF-κB master transcriptional programs. Despite its importance, known substrates of TAK1 are limited to kinases of the MAPK and IKK families and include ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levin RS,Hertz NT,Burlingame AL,Shokat KM,Mukherjee S

更新日期：2016-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A theory is proposed to study the sensitivity of cylindrical explosives. Using the equations governing the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum, the equation of state, and Newtonian mechanics, we have derived the expression D = D(o)e(-a2/d), in which the apparent length of the reaction zone, a, takes into accoun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eyring H,Walker FE,Ma SM,Coon N

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of the bacterial RecA protein in plants stimulates homologous recombination in tobacco. Here we show that RecA plays a direct role in DNA strand exchange in vivo. The number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was increased 2.4-fold over wild type in transgenic tobacco plants expressing a nuclear-targeted ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reiss B,Schubert I,Köpchen K,Wendeler E,Schell J,Puchta H

更新日期：2000-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:An evolutionarily ancient plant hormone receptor complex comprising the α/β-fold hydrolase receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) and the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) mediates a range of developmental responses to smoke-derived butenolides called karrikins (KARs) and to yet elusive endogenous KAI2 ligan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carbonnel S,Das D,Varshney K,Kolodziej MC,Villaécija-Aguilar JA,Gutjahr C

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three proteins required for poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis have been separated from yeast. Two of the factors correspond to the elongation factors 1 and 2 described for other eukaryotic systems, according to the criteria of phenylalanyl-tRNA binding and diphtheria toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. The th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skogerson L,Wakatama E

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a disorder of iron metabolism caused by common mutations in the gene HFE. The HFE protein binds to transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) in competition with transferrin, and in vitro, reduces cellular iron by reducing iron uptake. However, in vivo, HFE is strongly expressed by liver macropha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Drakesmith H,Sweetland E,Schimanski L,Edwards J,Cowley D,Ashraf M,Bastin J,Townsend AR

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Human embryonic zeta-globin chains are alpha-globin-like chains that are normally present during the first three months of gestation. In this investigation, zeta-globin chains measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay and by an electrophoretic technique were found to be present in all 7 patients studied wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung SW,Wong SC,Clarke BJ,Patterson M,Walker WH,Chui DH

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conformist bias occurs when the probability of adopting a more common cultural variant in a population exceeds its frequency, and anticonformist bias occurs when the reverse is true. Conformist and anticonformist bias have been widely documented in humans, and conformist bias has also been observed in many nonhuman an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Denton KK,Ram Y,Liberman U,Feldman MW

更新日期：2020-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole human blood was examined by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Individual phosphates (alpha,beta,gamma) of ATP were identifiable, and two microenvironments appeared to be present for this molecule. When sequential recordings of freshly collected blood were made, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was observed to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henderson TO,Costello AJ,Omachi A

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings suggest that neurons can efficiently repair oxidatively damaged DNA, and that both DNA damage and repair are enhanced by activation of excitatory glutamate receptors. However, in pathological conditions such as ischemic stroke, excessive DNA damage can trigger the death of neurons. Oxidative DNA damage...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Canugovi C,Yoon JS,Feldman NH,Croteau DL,Mattson MP,Bohr VA

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The heart of the H+ conductance mechanism in the homotetrameric M2 H+ channel from influenza A is a set of four histidine side chains. Here, we show that protonation of the third of these imidazoles coincides with acid activation of this transmembrane channel and that, at physiological pH, the channel is closed by two...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu J,Fu R,Nishimura K,Zhang L,Zhou HX,Busath DD,Vijayvergiya V,Cross TA

更新日期：2006-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cotransfection assays were used to show that the members of the GTP-binding protein Gq class of alpha subunits could activate phospholipase C (PLC) beta 2. Similar experiments also demonstrated that G beta 1 gamma 1, G beta 1 gamma 5, and G beta 2 gamma 5 could activate the beta 2 isoform of PLC but not the beta 1 iso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu D,Katz A,Simon MI

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants constantly undergo external mechanical loads such as wind or touch and respond to these stimuli by acclimating their growth processes. A fascinating feature of this mechanical-induced growth response is that it can occur rapidly and at long distance from the initial site of stimulation, suggesting the existence...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Louf JF,Guéna G,Badel E,Forterre Y

更新日期：2017-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasmas require an external source of sterol for growth. For Mycoplasma capricolum this requirement is met not only by cholesterol but also by the methylcholestane derivatives lanosterol, cycloartenol, 4,4-dimethylcholesterol, and 4beta-methylcholestanol. Cholesteryl methyl ether and 3alpha-methylcholestanol serve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Odriozola JM,Waitzkin E,Smith TL,Bloch K

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a macrophage product under active study as an anticancer drug. However, this agent can be very toxic and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. After intravenous injection of human recombinant TNF (4 micrograms/g), growing rats showed an unusual constellation of phys...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kettelhut IC,Fiers W,Goldberg AL

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00