Ice is born in low-mobility regions of supercooled liquid water.

abstract：:The p2b domain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag and the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag contain late assembly (L) domains that engage the ESCRT membrane fission machinery and are essential for virus release. We now show that the PPXY-type RSV L domain specifically recruits the BAR domain protein PACSIN2 into virus-like particle...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Popov S,Popova E,Inoue M,Wu Y,Göttlinger H

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of RNAi has revolutionized loss-of-function genetic studies in mammalian systems. However, significant challenges still remain to fully exploit RNAi for mammalian genetics. For instance, genetic screens and in vivo studies could be broadly improved by methods that allow inducible and uniform gene express...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meerbrey KL,Hu G,Kessler JD,Roarty K,Li MZ,Fang JE,Herschkowitz JI,Burrows AE,Ciccia A,Sun T,Schmitt EM,Bernardi RJ,Fu X,Bland CS,Cooper TA,Schiff R,Rosen JM,Westbrook TF,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The theory presented here is based on results from in vitro experiments and deals with three proteins in the postsynaptic density/membrane-namely, calmodulin, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. It is visualized that, in vivo in the polarized state of the membrane, cal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Siekevitz P

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) is a critical step leading to normal lymphocyte proliferation. Since thymosin fraction 5 (TF5), a thymic hormone preparation, enhances lymphoproliferative responses of human cells, we examined the effects of TF5 on the expression of IL-2R on mitogen-stimulated human ly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sztein MB,Serrate SA,Goldstein AL

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteolytic cleavage of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) is regulated by SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), which forms complexes with SREBPs in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In sterol-depleted cells, SCAP facilitates cleavage of SREBPs by Site-1 protease, thereby initiatin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nohturfft A,DeBose-Boyd RA,Scheek S,Goldstein JL,Brown MS

更新日期：1999-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ graft rejection is a T-cell-dependent process. The activation of alloreactive T cells requires stimulation of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex by foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded gene products. However, accumulating evidence suggests that, in addition to T-cell receptor occupancy, other cost...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turka LA,Linsley PS,Lin H,Brady W,Leiden JM,Wei RQ,Gibson ML,Zheng XG,Myrdal S,Gordon D

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have found that phagocytic leukocytes exposed to the tumor-promoting agent, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, efficiently release carbon-1 of 2-deoxyglucose in the form of CO2 with concurrent intracellular accumulation of a phosphorylated 5-carbon intermediate. In the absence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zabos P,Kyner D,Mendelsohn N,Schreiber C,Waxman S,Christman J,Acs G

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A general approach to high-throughput screening of enantiomeric excess (ee) and concentration was developed by using indicator displacement assays (IDAs), and the protocol was then applied to the vicinal diol hydrobenzoin. The method involves the sequential utilization of what we define herein as screening, training, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shabbir SH,Regan CJ,Anslyn EV

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Phylogenetic differences in acetylcholine receptors from skeletal neuromuscular synapses of various species of snakes and lizards have been investigated, using the snake venom alpha-neurotoxins alpha-atratoxin (cobrotoxin) and alpha-bungarotoxin. The acetylcholine receptors of the phylogenetically primitive lizards, l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burden SJ,Hartzell HC,Yoshikami D

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The capacity of a so-called male recombination (MR) chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster to generate mutations at 14 X-chromosome loci specifying visible phenotypes was investigated. Appreciable increases in mutation were found at three loci y, sn, and ras. Tests of represnetative mutants generated at each locus esta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Green MM

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viperin is an IFN-inducible radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme that inhibits viral replication. We determined crystal structures of an anaerobically prepared fragment of mouse viperin (residues 45-362) complexed with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) or 5'-deoxyadenosine (5'-dAdo) and l-methionine (l-Met). Viperin c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fenwick MK,Li Y,Cresswell P,Modis Y,Ealick SE

更新日期：2017-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Feasting is one of humanity's most universal and unique social behaviors. Although evidence for feasting is common in the early agricultural societies of the Neolithic, evidence in pre-Neolithic contexts is more elusive. We found clear evidence for feasting on wild cattle and tortoises at Hilazon Tachtit cave, a Late ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Munro ND,Grosman L

更新日期：2010-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, it has been reported that there is a differential subcellular distribution of components of the minor U12-dependent and major U2-dependent spliceosome, and further that the minor spliceosome functions in the cytoplasm. To study the subcellular localization of the snRNA components of both the major and minor ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pessa HK,Will CL,Meng X,Schneider C,Watkins NJ,Perälä N,Nymark M,Turunen JJ,Lührmann R,Frilander MJ

更新日期：2008-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines are of major importance in information processing and memory formation in central neurons. Estradiol has been shown to induce an increase of dendritic spine density on hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recently has been implicated in ne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murphy DD,Cole NB,Segal M

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that Arthrobacter pyridinolis can transport D-fructose or L-rhamnose using either a phosphoenolpyruvate:hexose phosphotransferase (phosphoenolpyruvate:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.9) system or a respiration-coupled transport system which requires the presence of exogenous L-malate. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfson EB,Krulwich TA

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput screening (HTS) of chemical compounds to identify modulators of molecular targets is a mainstay of pharmaceutical development. Increasingly, HTS is being used to identify chemical probes of gene, pathway, and cell functions, with the ultimate goal of comprehensively delineating relationships between ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inglese J,Auld DS,Jadhav A,Johnson RL,Simeonov A,Yasgar A,Zheng W,Austin CP

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The accuracy of tail-anchored (TA) protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the Guided Entry of Tail-Anchored (Get) protein targeting machinery. The fate of TA proteins that become inappropriately inserted into other organelles, such as mitochondria, is unknown. Here, we identify Msp1, a conserve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okreglak V,Walter P

更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Rearrangements between tandem sequence homologies of various lengths are a major source of genomic change and can be deleterious to the organism. These rearrangements can result in either deletion or duplication of genetic material flanked by direct sequence repeats. Molecular genetic analysis of repetitive sequence i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bzymek M,Lovett ST

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The dnaX gene (previously called dnaZX) of Escherichia coli has only one open reading frame for a 71-kDa polypeptide from which two distinct DNA polymerase III holoenzyme subunits, tau (71 kDa) and gamma (47 kDa), are produced. To determine how the gamma subunit is generated, we examined the influence of mutations in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuchihashi Z,Kornberg A

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter is regulated by steroid hormones through a hormone-responsive region that is organized in a positioned nucleosome. Hormone induction leads to a structural change of this nucleosome which makes its DNA more sensitive to cleavage by DNase I and enables simultaneous binding o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bartsch J,Truss M,Bode J,Beato M

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attending to a stimulus is known to enhance the neural responses to that stimulus. Recent experiments on visual attention have shown that this modulation can have object-based characteristics, such that, when certain parts of a visual object are attended, other parts automatically also receive enhanced processing. Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Busse L,Roberts KC,Crist RE,Weissman DH,Woldorff MG

更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital malformations now represent the largest single cause of mortality in the infant of the diabetic mother. The mechanism by which diabetes exerts its teratogenic effects is not known. This study evaluated whether arachidonic acid might be involved, a possibility raised by the role of arachidonic acid in palata...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldman AS,Baker L,Piddington R,Marx B,Herold R,Egler J

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The type specimen for Australopithecus africanus (Taung) includes a natural endocast that reproduces most of the external morphology of the right cerebral hemisphere and a fragment of fossilized face that articulates with the endocast. Despite the fact that Taung died between 3 and 4 y of age, the endocast reproduces ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Falk D,Zollikofer CP,Morimoto N,Ponce de León MS

更新日期：2012-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have suggested that most papillomaviruses enter the host cell via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis but have not addressed later steps in viral entry. To examine these events, we followed the localization of L2 and packaged DNA after entry of infectious virions or L1/L2 pseudovirions. C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Day PM,Baker CC,Lowy DR,Schiller JT

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose is a fundamental metabolite, yet how cells sense and respond to changes in extracellular glucose concentration is not completely understood. We recently reported that the MondoA:Mlx dimeric transcription factor directly regulates glycolysis. In this article, we consider whether MondoA:Mlx complexes have a broa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stoltzman CA,Peterson CW,Breen KT,Muoio DM,Billin AN,Ayer DE

更新日期：2008-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryos carrying null mutations of both retinoid X receptors alpha and beta (RXRalpha-/-/RXRbeta-/- mutants) were generated. These mutant embryos die between 9.5 and 10.5 days of gestation and display a wide range of abnormalities. The cause of the lethality appears to be the lack of formation of the labyrinthine zone...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wendling O,Chambon P,Mark M

更新日期：1999-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone H3 phosphorylation is a critical step that couples signal transduction pathways to gene regulation. To specifically assess the transcriptional regulatory functions of H3 phosphorylation, we developed an in vivo targeting approach and found that the H3 kinase MSK1 is a direct and potent transcriptional activato...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lau PN,Cheung P

更新日期：2011-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies were prepared to the murine interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent HT2 cell line. One rat IgM monoclonal antibody (7D4) was identified that inhibited proliferation of the HT2 cells and of IL-2-dependent CTLL cells in the presence of crude rat IL-2 as well as of purified human IL-2. The level o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malek TR,Robb RJ,Shevach EM

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current drug discovery efforts focus on identifying lead compounds acting on a molecular target associated with an established pathological state. Concerted molecular changes that occur in specific cell types during disease progression have generally not been identified. Here, we used constellation pharmacology to inv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raghuraman S,Xie JY,Giacobassi MJ,Tun JO,Chase K,Lu D,Teichert RW,Porreca F,Olivera BM

更新日期：2020-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In Arabidopsis thaliana, biosynthesis of the essential thiol antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), is plastid-regulated, but many GSH functions, including heavy metal detoxification and plant defense activation, depend on cytosolic GSH. This finding suggests that plastid and cytosol thiol pools are closely integrated and we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maughan SC,Pasternak M,Cairns N,Kiddle G,Brach T,Jarvis R,Haas F,Nieuwland J,Lim B,Müller C,Salcedo-Sora E,Kruse C,Orsel M,Hell R,Miller AJ,Bray P,Foyer CH,Murray JA,Meyer AJ,Cobbett CS

更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00