The pINDUCER lentiviral toolkit for inducible RNA interference in vitro and in vivo.

abstract：:To understand the basis for T-cell-specific induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2), we have analyzed nuclear factors from the Jurkat T-lymphoid leukemia cell, which can be induced to secrete IL-2. We have used an electrophoretic mobility shift assay to examine binding of proteins to the upstream regulatory region, before a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nabel GJ,Gorka C,Baltimore D

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction of human high density lipoproteins (HDL) with isolated human monocytes from control and Tangier patients was studied in tissue culture experiments. It was observed that normal monocytes, similar to mouse peritoneal macrophages, bind HDL to a cell surface receptor, internalize the bound HDL particles, t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmitz G,Assmann G,Robenek H,Brennhausen B

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) proteins regulate cell division in higher eukaryotes by controlling the adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2F)/dimerization partner (DP) family of transcription factors that regulate expression of many genes involved in cell-cycle progression. We identified a previously undescribed me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabelli PA,Dante RA,Leiva-Neto JT,Jung R,Gordon-Kamm WJ,Larkins BA

更新日期：2005-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Sympathetic ganglia and some peripheral tissues of adult guinea pig and cat were analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisera to catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and some peptides. In the guinea pig, noradrenergic neurons could be subdivided into three populations containing respectively (i) s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lundberg JM,Hökfelt T,Anggård A,Terenius L,Elde R,Markey K,Goldstein M,Kimmel J

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vast majority of biologists engaged in evolutionary studies interpret virtually every aspect of biodiversity in adaptive terms. This narrow view of evolution has become untenable in light of recent observations from genomic sequencing and population-genetic theory. Numerous aspects of genomic architecture, gene st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lynch M

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Explaining the maintenance of tropical forest diversity under the countervailing forces of drift and competition poses a major challenge to ecological theory. Janzen-Connell effects, in which host-specific natural enemies restrict the recruitment of juveniles near conspecific adults, provide a potential mechanism. Jan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levi T,Barfield M,Barrantes S,Sullivan C,Holt RD,Terborgh J

更新日期：2019-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Prey shifts in carnivorous predators are events that can initiate the accelerated generation of new biodiversity. However, it is seldom possible to reconstruct how the change in prey preference occurred. Here we describe an evolutionary "smoking gun" that illuminates the transition from worm hunting to fish hunting am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aman JW,Imperial JS,Ueberheide B,Zhang MM,Aguilar M,Taylor D,Watkins M,Yoshikami D,Showers-Corneli P,Safavi-Hemami H,Biggs J,Teichert RW,Olivera BM

更新日期：2015-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Methods are described for the removal of the sporophytic pollen grain coating of Brassica oleracea and for the isolation of coat polypeptides. The coat contains a small number of proteins ranging from 6 to 45 kDa. Many of the larger proteins are glycosylated, while all carry high positive charges resulting in pI value...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doughty J,Hedderson F,McCubbin A,Dickinson H

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Commensal and pathogenic bacteria must deal with many different stress conditions to survive in and colonize the human gastrointestinal tract. One major challenge that bacteria encounter in the gut is the high concentration of bile salts, which not only aid in food absorption but also act as effective physiological an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cremers CM,Knoefler D,Vitvitsky V,Banerjee R,Jakob U

更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously developed a biological containment system using recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium strains that are attenuated yet capable of synthesizing protective antigens. The regulated delayed attenuation and programmed self-destructing features designed into these S. Typhimurium strains enable them to efficiently ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kong W,Brovold M,Koeneman BA,Clark-Curtiss J,Curtiss R 3rd

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a protein present only in erythroid cells that binds to two adjacent sites within an enhancer region of the chicken beta-globin locus. Mutation of the sites, so that binding by the factor can no longer be detected in vitro, leads to a loss of enhancing ability, assayed by transient expression in pri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans T,Reitman M,Felsenfeld G

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate protein folding dynamics in terms of compactness, we developed a continuous-flow mixing device to make small-angle x-ray scattering measurements with the time resolution of 160 micros and characterized the radius of gyration (R(g)) of two folding intermediates of cytochrome c (cyt c). The early intermed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akiyama S,Takahashi S,Kimura T,Ishimori K,Morishima I,Nishikawa Y,Fujisawa T

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:CD2 (T11, sheep erythrocyte receptor) is a surface antigen of the human T-lymphocyte lineage. cDNA clones encoding CD2 have been isolated by using the purified, denatured CD2 to raise a rat antiserum. Positive clones were recognized in a phage lambda gt11 expression library prepared from the human leukemia T-cell line...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sewell WA,Brown MH,Dunne J,Owen MJ,Crumpton MJ

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synovial membranes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as other types of chronic destructive inflammatory arthritis contain infiltrates of activated T lymphocytes that probably contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. In an effort to elucidate the nature of these infiltrates, interleukin 2 (IL-2)-respo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stamenkovic I,Stegagno M,Wright KA,Krane SM,Amento EP,Colvin RB,Duquesnoy RJ,Kurnick JT

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisome proliferators (PP) induce a highly predictable pleiotropic response in rat and mouse liver that is characterized by hepatomegaly, increase in peroxisome number in hepatocytes, and induction of certain peroxisomal enzymes. The PP-binding protein (PPbP) was purified from rat liver cytosol by a two-step proced...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lalwani ND,Alvares K,Reddy MK,Reddy MN,Parikh I,Reddy JK

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An unsaturated fatty acid-requiring mutant derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been isolated and characterized. This mutant grows normally when oleate or other unsaturated fatty acids are supplemented in the growth medium. Unlike the wild-type CHO cells, growth stops when medium is deprived of unsaturat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang TY,Vagelos PR

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hop2 and Mnd1 are abundant meiosisspecific chromosomal proteins, and mutations in the corresponding genes lead to defects in meiotic recombination and in homologous chromosome interactions during mid-prophase. Analysis of various double mutants suggests that HOP2, MND1, and DMC1 act in the sam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YK,Leng CH,Olivares H,Lee MH,Chang YC,Kung WM,Ti SC,Lo YH,Wang AH,Chang CS,Bishop DK,Hsueh YP,Wang TF

更新日期：2004-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Model compositions of Earth, Venus, and Mercury are calculated from the premise that planets and chondrites underwent four identical fractionation processes in the solar nebula. Because elements of similar properties stay together in these processes, five constraints suffice to define the composition of a planet: mass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan JW,Anders E

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased DNA levels in centrally located endosperm nuclei are shown to be related to endosperm development in Zea mays. Mitotic activity sharply decreases in endosperm cells 10-12 days after pollination. At this time nuclear size and DNA content per nucleus (where C = haploid content) sharply increase until peak leve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kowles RV,Phillips RL

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The default mode network (DMN) has been suggested to support a variety of self-referential functions in humans and has been fractionated into subsystems based on distinct responses to cognitive tasks and functional connectivity architecture. Such subsystems are thought to reflect functional hierarchy and segregation w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu LM,Liang X,Gu H,Brynildsen JK,Stark JA,Ash JA,Lin CP,Lu H,Rapp PR,Stein EA,Yang Y

更新日期：2016-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cdc7 is an essential kinase required for the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication. Previous studies in many species showed that the minichromosome maintenance complex is a major physiological target of this kinase. In this study, we have mapped the sites in human Mcm2 protein that are phosphorylated by Cdc7. The i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cho WH,Lee YJ,Kong SI,Hurwitz J,Lee JK

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual images in the eyes contain much more information than the brain can process. An important selection mechanism is feature-based attention (FBA). FBA is best described by attention filters that specify precisely the extent to which items containing attended features are selectively processed and the extent to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun P,Chubb C,Wright CE,Sperling G

更新日期：2016-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogenesis during human development relies on the interplay between physiochemical cues that are mediated in part by cellular density and cytoskeletal tension. Here, we interrogated these factors on vascular lineage specification during human-induced pluripotent stem-cell (hiPSC) fate decision. We found that indepe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith Q,Rochman N,Carmo AM,Vig D,Chan XY,Sun S,Gerecht S

更新日期：2018-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Across North America, human activities have been shown to cause river incision into unconsolidated alluvium. Human-caused erosion through bedrock, however, has only been observed in local and isolated outcrops. Here, we test whether splash-dam logging, which decreased in-stream alluvial cover by removing much of the a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schanz SA,Montgomery DR,Collins BD

更新日期：2019-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Intermolecular energy transfer between appropriately chosen pairs of dyes can be used to induce or enhance banding patterns in human metaphase chromosomes. Energy transfer, calibrated by fluorometric studies on soluble dye.DNA complexes, can also be detected by photometric measurements on cytological preparations of m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sahar E,Latt SA

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogen-stimulated scheduled DNA synthesis and DNA excision repair in human lymphocytes, as well as DNA polymerase a activity in a cell-free system, were inhibited by an electrophilic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene. This metabolite, (+/-)-anti-(7r,8t)-dihydroxy-(9,10t)-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahyd robenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Busbee DL,Joe CO,Norman JO,Rankin PW

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atomically precise metal clusters have attracted increasing interest owing to their unique size-dependent properties; however, little has been known about the effect of size on the catalytic properties of metal clusters at the single-cluster level. Here, by real-time monitoring with single-molecule fluorescence micros...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Song P,Chen T,Liu X,Chen T,Wu Z,Wang Y,Xie J,Xu W

更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The ciliary epithelium in the eye consists of pigmented epithelial cells that express the α1β1 isoform of Na,K-ATPase and nonpigmented epithelial cells that express mainly the α2β3 isoform. In principle, a Na,K-ATPase inhibitor with selectivity for α2β3 that penetrates the cornea could effectively reduce intraocular p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Katz A,Tal DM,Heller D,Habeck M,Ben Zeev E,Rabah B,Bar Kana Y,Marcovich AL,Karlish SJ

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Discrete growing spiral modes are calculated, on the basis of principles of stellar dynamics, according to the recently developed asymptotic theory of density waves for spiral structure in galaxies. From the growth rates obtained, it appears likely that several spiral modes coexist in a given disk galaxy. General prop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bertin G,Lau YY,Lin CC,Mark JW,Sugiyama L

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA mismatch repair (MMR), the guardian of the genome, commences when MutS identifies a mismatch and recruits MutL to nick the error-containing strand, allowing excision and DNA resynthesis. Dominant MMR models posit that after mismatch recognition, ATP converts MutS to a hydrolysis-independent, diffusive mobile clamp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hao P,LeBlanc SJ,Case BC,Elston TC,Hingorani MM,Erie DA,Weninger KR

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00