Plant homologs of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter, PfCRT, are required for glutathione homeostasis and stress responses.

abstract：:A major challenge in interpreting genome sequences is understanding how the genome encodes the information that specifies when and where a gene will be expressed. The first step in this process is the identification of regions of the genome that contain regulatory information. In higher eukaryotes, this cis-regulatory...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berman BP,Nibu Y,Pfeiffer BD,Tomancak P,Celniker SE,Levine M,Rubin GM,Eisen MB

更新日期：2002-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII is a heritable disease caused by a spontaneous mutation, gus(mps), closely linked to the beta-glucuronidase structural gene on chromosome 5. Mice homozygous for the mutation have a > 200-fold decrease in beta-glucuronidase mRNA levels and virtually no enzyme activity detectable by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sands MS,Birkenmeier EH

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The refractoriness of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(11;17)(q23;q21) to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based therapy concerns clinicians and intrigues basic researchers. By using a murine leukemic model carrying both promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger/retinoic acid receptor-α (PLZF/RARα) and RARα/PLZF fusio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiao B,Ren ZH,Liu P,Chen LJ,Shi JY,Dong Y,Ablain J,Shi L,Gao L,Hu JP,Ren RB,de Thé H,Chen Z,Chen SJ

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes encode a unique multigene family of leukocyte regulatory receptors, which possess an extracellular Ig variable (V) domain and may function in innate immunity. Artificial chromosomes that encode zebrafish NITRs have been assembled into a contig spanning approximately 350 kb. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoder JA,Litman RT,Mueller MG,Desai S,Dobrinski KP,Montgomery JS,Buzzeo MP,Ota T,Amemiya CT,Trede NS,Wei S,Djeu JY,Humphray S,Jekosch K,Hernandez Prada JA,Ostrov DA,Litman GW

更新日期：2004-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex differences influence brain morphology and physiology during both development and aging. Here we apply a machine learning algorithm to a multiparametric brain PET imaging dataset acquired in a cohort of 20- to 82-year-old, cognitively normal adults (n = 205) to define their metabolic brain age. We find that throug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goyal MS,Blazey TM,Su Y,Couture LE,Durbin TJ,Bateman RJ,Benzinger TL,Morris JC,Raichle ME,Vlassenko AG

更新日期：2019-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Ancient societies are often used to illustrate the potential problems stemming from unsustainable land-use practices because the past seems rife with examples of sociopolitical "collapse" associated with the exhaustion of finite resources. Just as frequently, and typically in response to such presentations, archaeolog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wills WH,Drake BL,Dorshow WB

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with epithelial and lymphoid malignancies, establishes latent infection in memory B cells, and intermittently produces infectious virions through lytic replication. Released virions play a key role in latent reservoir maintenance and transmission. Lytic EBV transcription differs ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Verma D,Church TM,Swaminathan S

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, and understanding T cell memory will be central to the development of effective cell-mediated vaccines. The characteristics and functions of CD4 memory cells have not been well defined. Here we demonstrate that the increased size of the secondary response is sol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： MacLeod MK,McKee A,Crawford F,White J,Kappler J,Marrack P

更新日期：2008-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The potent transforming activity of membrane-targeted Raf-1 (Raf-CAAX) suggests that Ras transformation is triggered primarily by a Ras-mediated translocation of Raf-1 to the plasma membrane. However, whereas constitutively activated mutants of Ras [H-Ras(61L) and K-Ras4B(12V)] and Raf-1 (DeltaRaf-22W and Raf-CAAX) ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oldham SM,Clark GJ,Gangarosa LM,Coffey RJ Jr,Der CJ

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging evidence suggests that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), currently the only FDA-approved medication for ischemic stroke, exerts important biological actions on the CNS besides its well-known thrombolytic effect. In this study, we investigated the role of tPA on primary neurons in culture and on brain recove...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pu H,Shi Y,Zhang L,Lu Z,Ye Q,Leak RK,Xu F,Ma S,Mu H,Wei Z,Xu N,Xia Y,Hu X,Hitchens TK,Bennett MVL,Chen J

更新日期：2019-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of primary petite (rho-) clones were isolated after ethidium bromide mutagenesis of various grande (rho+) strains of S. cerevisiae that contained the mitochondrial genetic markers, CR, ER, OIR (or OIIR), and PR. From the frequency of coretention of markers in the petites, we have deduced a probable circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boltin-Fukuhara M,Fukuhara H

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vitro system [Weil, P. A., Luse, D. S., Segall, J. & Roeder, R. G. (1979) Cell 18, 469-484 and Manley, J. L., Fire, A., Cano, A., Sharp, P. A. & Gefter, M. L., (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 77, 3855-3859] was adapted for studying initiation of transcription of the ovalbumin gene. The DNA template was a cloned...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsai SY,Tsai MJ,O'Malley BW

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "protein only" hypothesis states that the infectious agent causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is a conformational isomer of PrP, a host protein predominantly expressed in brain, and is strongly supported by many lines of evidence. Prion diseases are so far unique among conformational diseases in tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weissmann C,Enari M,Klöhn PC,Rossi D,Flechsig E

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:During response of budding yeast to peptide mating pheromone, the cell becomes markedly polarized and MAPK scaffold protein Ste5 localizes to the resulting projection (shmoo tip). We demonstrated before that this recruitment is essential for sustained MAPK signaling and requires interaction of a pleckstrin homology (P...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garrenton LS,Stefan CJ,McMurray MA,Emr SD,Thorner J

更新日期：2010-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:High social status reduces stress responses in numerous species, but the stress-buffering effect of status may dissipate or even reverse during times of hierarchical instability. In an experimental test of this hypothesis, 118 participants (57.3% female) were randomly assigned to a high- or low-status position in a st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knight EL,Mehta PH

更新日期：2017-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of divergent molecular and histologic subtypes, including prostate adenocarcinoma (PrAd) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). While PrAd is the major histology in prostate cancer, NEPC can evolve from PrAd as a mechanism of treatment resistance that involves a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JK,Bangayan NJ,Chai T,Smith BA,Pariva TE,Yun S,Vashisht A,Zhang Q,Park JW,Corey E,Huang J,Graeber TG,Wohlschlegel J,Witte ON

更新日期：2018-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a member of the family of intermediate filament structural proteins and is found predominantly in astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). To assess the function of GFAP, we created GFAP-null mice using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. The GFAP-null mice have nor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McCall MA,Gregg RG,Behringer RR,Brenner M,Delaney CL,Galbreath EJ,Zhang CL,Pearce RA,Chiu SY,Messing A

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion within the huntingtin gene that encodes a polymorphic glutamine tract at the amino terminus of the huntingtin protein. HD is one of nine polyglutamine expansion diseases. The clinical threshold of polyglutamine expansion for HD is near 3...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caron NS,Desmond CR,Xia J,Truant R

更新日期：2013-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate protein folding dynamics in terms of compactness, we developed a continuous-flow mixing device to make small-angle x-ray scattering measurements with the time resolution of 160 micros and characterized the radius of gyration (R(g)) of two folding intermediates of cytochrome c (cyt c). The early intermed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akiyama S,Takahashi S,Kimura T,Ishimori K,Morishima I,Nishikawa Y,Fujisawa T

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans routinely formulate plans in domains so complex that even the most powerful computers are taxed. To do so, they seem to avail themselves of many strategies and heuristics that efficiently simplify, approximate, and hierarchically decompose hard tasks into simpler subtasks. Theoretical and cognitive research has...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huys QJ,Lally N,Faulkner P,Eshel N,Seifritz E,Gershman SJ,Dayan P,Roiser JP

更新日期：2015-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI data yields K(trans) and k(ep), two parameters independently measuring the capillary wall contrast reagent transfer rate. The almost universally used standard model (SM) embeds the implicit assumption that equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang W,Li X,Morris EA,Tudorica LA,Seshan VE,Rooney WD,Tagge I,Wang Y,Xu J,Springer CS

更新日期：2008-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Prion disease is characterized by the alpha-->beta structural conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the misfolded and aggregated "scrapie" (PrP(Sc)) isoform. It has been speculated that methionine (Met) oxidation in PrP(C) may have a special role in this process, but has not been detailed and assigned...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolschner C,Giese A,Kretzschmar HA,Huber R,Moroder L,Budisa N

更新日期：2009-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Bathorhodopsin-rhodopsin difference spectra of native 11-cis-rhodopsin and regenerated 9-cis-rhodopsin were measured at room temperature with a double-beam laser spectrophotometer after excitation at 532 nm. A detailed analysis of data obtained at 85 psec after excitation suggests that the bathorhodopsins generated fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spalink JD,Reynolds AH,Rentzepis PM,Sperling W,Applebury ML

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloidal particles with directional interactions are key in the realization of new colloidal materials with possibly unconventional phase behaviors. Here we exploit DNA self-assembly to produce bulk quantities of "DNA stars" with three or four sticky terminals, mimicking molecules with controlled limited valence. Sol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biffi S,Cerbino R,Bomboi F,Paraboschi EM,Asselta R,Sciortino F,Bellini T

更新日期：2013-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The method of anticodon loop replacement has been used to make derivatives of yeast tRNAPhe. By constructing tRNAs with a CUA anticodon, complementary to the amber (UAG) terminator, functional amber suppressor tRNAs were produced. The activity of these tRNAs was assayed in a mammalian cell-free protein synthesizing sy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruce AG,Atkins JF,Wills N,Uhlenbeck O,Gesteland RF

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An array of photoreceptors including cryptochromes, phototropin, and phytochromes regulates various light responses in plants. Among these photoreceptors, phytochromes perceive red and far-red light by switching between two interconvertible spectral forms (Pr and Pfr). The Pfr form promotes light responses partly by d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paik I,Yang S,Choi G

更新日期：2012-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Thymic epithelial cells (TECs), the major component of the thymic microenvironment, can be modulated by pituitary hormones. We have shown previously that prolactin (PRL) can influence the endocrine activity of TECs and stimulate TEC proliferation as well as cytokeratin expression, suggesting the existence of PRL recep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dardenne M,Kelly PA,Bach JF,Savino W

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is the second of three describing a two-fluid theory of binary liquid mixtures. The general theory presented in the preceding paper is used to derive a model for calculating thermodynamic properties of hard-sphere mixtures. Calculations indicate that desirable boundary conditions are satisfied. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brandani V,Prausnitz JM

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nerve cells depend on specific interactions with glial cells for proper function. Myelinating glial cells are thought to associate with neuronal axons, in part, via the cell-surface adhesion protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). MAG is also thought to be a major inhibitor of neurite outgrowth (axon regenerati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang LJ,Zeller CB,Shaper NL,Kiso M,Hasegawa A,Shapiro RE,Schnaar RL

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are the most common biological entities in the oceans by an order of magnitude. However, very little is known about their diversity. Here we report a genomic analysis of two uncultured marine viral communities. Over 65% of the sequences were not significantly similar to previously reported sequences, suggestin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breitbart M,Salamon P,Andresen B,Mahaffy JM,Segall AM,Mead D,Azam F,Rohwer F

更新日期：2002-10-29 00:00:00