Abstract:
:Sex differences influence brain morphology and physiology during both development and aging. Here we apply a machine learning algorithm to a multiparametric brain PET imaging dataset acquired in a cohort of 20- to 82-year-old, cognitively normal adults (n = 205) to define their metabolic brain age. We find that throughout the adult life span the female brain has a persistently lower metabolic brain age-relative to their chronological age-compared with the male brain. The persistence of relatively younger metabolic brain age in females throughout adulthood suggests that development might in part influence sex differences in brain aging. Our results also demonstrate that trajectories of natural brain aging vary significantly among individuals and provide a method to measure this.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Goyal MS,Blazey TM,Su Y,Couture LE,Durbin TJ,Bateman RJ,Benzinger TL,Morris JC,Raichle ME,Vlassenko AGdoi
10.1073/pnas.1815917116subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-19 00:00:00pages
3251-3255issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1815917116journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Acidification of the extracellular milieu of malignant tumors is reported to increase the invasive behavior of cancer cells. In normal tissues, production of acid is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs), some of which are known to be overexpressed in certain cancers. To investigate the functional role of CA activity...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.040554897
更新日期:2000-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::An early and a late histone H2B gene from the sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus were linked in a single plasmid and injected into the eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. The levels of transcripts of injected early and late genes and of endogenous early genes were monitored during development by a ribonucl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.2.507
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal development is remarkably robust; cell fates are specified with spatial and temporal precision despite physiological and environmental contingencies. Favorable conditions cause Caenorhabditis elegans to develop rapidly through four larval stages (L1-L4) to the reproductive adult. In unfavorable conditions, L2 l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908131106
更新日期:2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::In a coupled system consisting of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli, the four deoxyribo- and the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, and DNA of bacteriophage f1 as template, DNA synthesis depends on the concomitant synthesis of RNA. Over a wide range of concentrations of the two polymerases, RNA s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.8.2288
更新日期:1972-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::With efforts underway to develop a preventive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine, it remains unclear which immune responses are sufficient to protect against infection and whether prior HIV-1 immunity can alter the subsequent course of HIV-1 infection. We investigated these issues in the context of a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.3972
更新日期:1996-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have expressed the recombinant squid kinesin head domain in Escherichia coli and studied its interaction with microtubules. The head is active as a microtubule-stimulated ATPase and binds to microtubules, but it does not support microtubule gliding by itself. The head binds to both microtubules and depolymerized tu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.1671
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erickson [Erickson CL (2000) Nature 408 (6809):190-193] interpreted features in seasonal floodplains in Bolivia's Beni savannas as vestiges of pre-European earthen fish weirs, postulating that they supported a productive, sustainable fishery that warranted cooperation in the construction and maintenance of perennial s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1613169114
更新日期:2016-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Seamless and minimally invasive integration of 3D electronic circuitry within host materials could enable the development of materials systems that are self-monitoring and allow for communication with external environments. Here, we report a general strategy for preparing ordered 3D interconnected and addressable macr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1305209110
更新日期:2013-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal degeneration is an initial key step in traumatic and neurodegenerative CNS disorders. We established a unique in vivo epifluorescence imaging paradigm to characterize very early events in axonal degeneration in the rat optic nerve. Single retinal ganglion cell axons were visualized by AAV-mediated expression of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909794107
更新日期:2010-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::For reasons that are unclear the production of embryonic stem cells from ungulates has proved elusive. Here, we describe induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from porcine fetal fibroblasts by lentiviral transduction of 4 human (h) genes, hOCT4, hSOX2, hKLF4, and hc-MYC, the combination commonly used to create...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0905284106
更新日期:2009-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, seafood mislabeling has been increasingly documented, raising public concern over the identity, safety, and sustainability of seafood. Negative outcomes from seafood mislabeling are suspected to be substantial and pervasive as seafood is the world's most highly traded food commodity. Here we prov...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2003741117
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in aging, inflammation, and cancer. Mitochondria are an important source of ROS; however, the spatiotemporal ROS events underlying oxidative cellular damage from dysfunctional mitochondria remain unresolved. To this end, we have developed and validated a chemoptogenet...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1910574116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Ligand specificity of a murine gammadelta T-cell receptor-expressing hybridoma (KN6) derived from adult thymocytes has been analyzed in detail. The molecule recognized by the KN6 gammadelta T-cell receptor is expressed on syngeneic cells of various sources (peritoneal macrophages, thymocytes, spleen cells, and Abelson...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.15.5928
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonclassical MHC class I-related (MHC-I) molecule HFE controls cellular iron homeostasis by a mechanism that has not been fully elucidated. We examined the regulation of HFE by K5, the E3 ubiquitin ligase encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8), that is known to down-regulate classical MHC-I...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1003421107
更新日期:2010-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin (AQP) 4 is the predominant water channel in the mammalian brain, abundantly expressed in the blood-brain and brain-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces of glial cells. Its function in cerebral water balance has implications in neuropathological disorders, including brain edema, stroke, and head injuries. The 1.8-A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902725106
更新日期:2009-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::A physical map of the 9.2-Mbp Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 chromosome at a resolution of 25 kbp was constructed by using a strategy that is applicable to virtually all microorganisms. Segments of the chromosome were used as hybridization probes to subdivide a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library into groups of linke...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.20.9584
更新日期:1994-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals have evolved a specialized protein-secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial proteins into host cells. These proteins stimulate or interfere with host cellular functions for the pathogen's benefit. The Salmonella typhimurium pathogenicity island 1 encodes one ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.170128997
更新日期:2000-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::The S10 ribosomal protein operon is regulated autogenously by the product of one of the genes of the operon, the gene encoding ribosomal protein L4. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to isolate leader mutations affecting L4 control. The phenotypes of these mutants demonstrate that L4 regulates both transcription ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.18.6516
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion of 5 residues (Delta5) from the central cytoplasmic loop of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli has no significant effect on expression or activity, whereas Delta12 leads to increased rates of permease turnover after membrane insertion and decreased transport activity, and Delta20 abolishes insertion and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.140224497
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wnt signaling is required for the maintenance of intestinal stem cells and self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal cancers are frequently associated with mutations that activate the Wnt pathway. The role of Wnt signaling on differentiation of lineage-specific precursors in the intestine is not well chara...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702665104
更新日期:2007-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Mucosal surfaces are a main entry point for pathogens and the principal sites of defense against infection. Both bacteria and phage are associated with this mucus. Here we show that phage-to-bacteria ratios were increased, relative to the adjacent environment, on all mucosal surfaces sampled, ranging from cnidarians t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1305923110
更新日期:2013-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of Arabidopsis that contain reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed growth characteristics at 22 degrees C that were very similar to wild type. By contrast, at 12 degrees C, the mutants failed to undergo stem elongation during reproductive growth although they produced normal flowers and fertile s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6208
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous studies we showed that 5 days of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) mobilized murine repopulating cells to the peripheral blood (PB) and that these cells could be efficiently transduced with retroviral vectors. We also found that, 7-14 days after cytokin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11871
更新日期:1996-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Most homeobox genes belonging to the Hox family are sequentially activated in embryonal carcinoma cells upon treatment with retinoic acid. Genes located at the 3' end of each one of the four Hox clusters are activated first, whereas upstream Hox genes are activated progressively later. This activation has been extensi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5335
更新日期:1994-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is believed to be a physiological event that occurs during development and tissue homeostasis in a large variety of organisms. ACD produces two unequal daughter cells, one of which resembles a multipotent stem and/or progenitor cell, whereas the other has potential for differentiation. A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205525109
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::The "apoptotic ring" is characterized by the phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 (γ-H2AX) by DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). The γ-H2AX apoptotic ring differs from the nuclear foci patterns observed in response to DNA-damaging agents. It contains phosphorylated DNA damage response proteins including a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1203617109
更新日期:2012-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) were localized in cells of rat kidney cortex by an immunocytochemical technique before and after perfusion with parathyroid hormone (PTH). In control tissues the cAMP antiserum detected approximately the same intensity of fluor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.8.3569
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occurrence of the transversion mutation A.T to C.G is specifically enhanced in Escherichia coli mutT mutants. With the aid of the cloned mutT gene, the MutT protein, which has a molecular mass of 15 kilodaltons, was overproduced and purified to near homogeneity. The protein catalyzes hydrolysis of dGTP to dGMP. dGDP a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.11.3949
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced functional bladder capacity and concomitant increased micturition frequency (pollakisuria) are common lower urinary tract symptoms associated with conditions such as cystitis, prostatic hyperplasia, neurological disease, and overactive bladder syndrome. These symptoms can profoundly affect the quality of life ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1005333107
更新日期:2010-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::The excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, activates N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to induce long-lasting synaptic changes through alterations in gene expression. It is believed that these long-lasting changes contribute to learning and memory, drug tolerance, and ischemic preconditioning. To identify NMDA-in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0305170101
更新日期:2004-02-17 00:00:00