Coupling of replication to transcription in vitro.

abstract：:The structure of cellulose microfibrils in wood is not known in detail, despite the abundance of cellulose in woody biomass and its importance for biology, energy, and engineering. The structure of the microfibrils of spruce wood cellulose was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled to small-angle ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernandes AN,Thomas LH,Altaner CM,Callow P,Forsyth VT,Apperley DC,Kennedy CJ,Jarvis MC

更新日期：2011-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral hepatitis is a disease of antiquity, but evidence for more than one etiologic agent has been recognized only since the 1940s, when two viruses (hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus) were thought to account for all disease. In the past 20 years, three additional hepatitis agents (hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Purcell RH

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports that there are major differences between mammalian cell lines in the propensity to progress into subsequent cell cycles when mitosis is inhibited with agents that disrupt the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus (Colcemid, nocodazole, and taxol). Human HeLa S3 cells, which represent one extreme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kung AL,Sherwood SW,Schimke RT

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure of various cell types to adrenergic agonists leads to a decrease in cell surface beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) number. Sequestration of the receptor away from the cell surface as well as a down-regulation of the total number of cellular receptors are believed to contribute to this agonist-medi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Valiquette M,Bonin H,Hnatowich M,Caron MG,Lefkowitz RJ,Bouvier M

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation based on shared moral systems and individual reputations. It assumes that members of a community routinely observe and assess each other and that they use this information to decide who is good or bad, and who deserves cooperation. When information is transmitted pub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hilbe C,Schmid L,Tkadlec J,Chatterjee K,Nowak MA

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) is an inherited neurovisceral lipid storage disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Most cases of NP-C result from inactivating mutations of NPC1, a recently identified member of a family of genes encoding membrane-bound proteins containing putative sterol sensing do...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel SC,Suresh S,Kumar U,Hu CY,Cooney A,Blanchette-Mackie EJ,Neufeld EB,Patel RC,Brady RO,Patel YC,Pentchev PG,Ong WY

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombination is responsible for a broad range of biological phenomena, including DNA inversion, resolution of transposition intermediates, and the integration and excision of bacteriophage genomes. Integration of mycobacteriophage L5 is catalyzed by a phage-encoded integrase with recombination occurring...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peña CE,Kahlenberg JM,Hatfull GF

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal monkeys and monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal formation and adjacent cortex (the H+ lesion) were trained on the delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) task with a delay of 0.5 s between the sample and the choice. The animals with H+ lesions learned the task normally at this short delay and also exhibited th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alvarez P,Zola-Morgan S,Squire LR

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in our understanding of the immune response are allowing for the logical design of new approaches to cancer immunization. One area of interest is the development of new immune adjuvants. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can induce production of a wide variety o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiner GJ,Liu HM,Wooldridge JE,Dahle CE,Krieg AM

更新日期：1997-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The atomic buckling in 2D "Xenes" (such as silicene) fosters a plethora of exotic electronic properties such as a quantum spin Hall effect and could be engineered by external strain. Quantifying the buckling magnitude with subangstrom precision is, however, challenging, since epitaxially grown 2D layers exhibit comple...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pawlak R,Drechsel C,D'Astolfo P,Kisiel M,Meyer E,Cerda JI

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Examples from various plant and animal groups indicate that there has been a general increase in potential versatility of form, determined by the number and range of independently varying morphogenetic parameters, among taxa appearing at successively younger stages in the fossil record. Taxa or body plans with higher ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vermeij GJ

更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, employs two key host proteins to gain entry and replicate within cells, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the cell surface transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). TMPRSS2 was first characterized as an androgen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qiao Y,Wang XM,Mannan R,Pitchiaya S,Zhang Y,Wotring JW,Xiao L,Robinson DR,Wu YM,Tien JC,Cao X,Simko SA,Apel IJ,Bawa P,Kregel S,Narayanan SP,Raskind G,Ellison SJ,Parolia A,Zelenka-Wang S,McMurry L,Su F,Wang R,

更新日期：2020-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:It is shown that a very simple semiempirical equation represents quite accurately the thermodynamic properties of aqueous sodium chloride from 373 to 823 K. The equation comprises one Margules term and a Debye-Hückel term. Just the one Margules parameter is freely adjustable because the Debye-Hückel parameter is deter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pitzer KS,Li YG

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mammalian A-type cyclin, cyclin A1, is highly expressed in testes of both human and mouse and targeted mutagenesis in the mouse has revealed the unique requirement for cyclin A1 in the progression of male germ cells through the meiotic cell cycle. While very low levels of cyclin A1 have been reported in the human he...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liao C,Wang XY,Wei HQ,Li SQ,Merghoub T,Pandolfi PP,Wolgemuth DJ

更新日期：2001-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Spatial memory enhances an organism's navigational ability. Memory typically resides within the brain, but what if an organism has no brain? We show that the brainless slime mold Physarum polycephalum constructs a form of spatial memory by avoiding areas it has previously explored. This mechanism allows the slime mold...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid CR,Latty T,Dussutour A,Beekman M

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The cDNA of the gene pds from tomato, encoding the carotenoid biosynthesis enzyme phytoene desaturase, was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Cells of Escherichia coli that expressed the tomato pds gene could convert phytoene to zeta-carotene. This result suggests that one polypeptide, the product of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pecker I,Chamovitz D,Linden H,Sandmann G,Hirschberg J

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two operators, spatially separated from each other and from the promoters, repress the gal operon when bound to Gal repressor. Conversion of either gal operator to a lac operator results in derepression, although both Gal and Lac repressors are present, suggesting that mere occupation of operator sites is not sufficie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haber R,Adhya S

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the heavy chain variable region sequences from the cDNAs of five previously described monoclonal cell lines producing human antibodies specific for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and detail the molecular characteristics, germ-line origins, and extent of somatic mutation among these antibodies. Three...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Andris JS,Johnson S,Zolla-Pazner S,Capra JD

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rev-Erbβ is a nuclear receptor that couples circadian rhythm, metabolism, and inflammation. Heme binding to the protein modulates its function as a repressor, its stability, its ability to bind other proteins, and its activity in gas sensing. Rev-Erbβ binds Fe3+-heme more tightly than Fe2+-heme, suggesting its activit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar A,Carter EL,Harland JB,Speelman AL,Lehnert N,Ragsdale SW

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for HIV-type 1 (HIV-1). Varied HIV-1 susceptibility and time to progression to AIDS have been associated with polymorphisms in CCR5. Many of these polymorphisms are located in the 5' cis-regulatory region of CCR5...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bamshad MJ,Mummidi S,Gonzalez E,Ahuja SS,Dunn DM,Watkins WS,Wooding S,Stone AC,Jorde LB,Weiss RB,Ahuja SK

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The kidney has an extraordinary ability to maintain stable fractional solute and fluid reabsorption over a wide range of glomerular filtration rates (GFRs). Internalization of filtered low molecular weight proteins, vitamins, hormones, and other small molecules is mediated by the proximal tubule (PT) multiligand recep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raghavan V,Rbaibi Y,Pastor-Soler NM,Carattino MD,Weisz OA

更新日期：2014-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) and sialyl Lewis a (sLe(a)) glycans are expressed on highly metastatic colon cancer cells. They promote extravasation of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis via interacting with E-selectin on endothelial cells. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been noted as a critical pheno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakuma K,Aoki M,Kannagi R

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA-I molecules play a central role in antigen presentation. They typically bind 9- to 12-mer peptides, and their canonical binding mode involves anchor residues at the second and last positions of their ligands. To investigate potential noncanonical binding modes, we collected in-depth and accurate HLA peptidomics da...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guillaume P,Picaud S,Baumgaertner P,Montandon N,Schmidt J,Speiser DE,Coukos G,Bassani-Sternberg M,Filippakopoulos P,Gfeller D

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The initial electron transfer steps in the photosynthetic reaction center of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been investigated by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. The experimental data taken at various wavelengths demonstrate the existence of at least four intermediate states within the first ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holzapfel W,Finkele U,Kaiser W,Oesterhelt D,Scheer H,Stilz HU,Zinth W

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A numerical algorithm is applied to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) dust record from Greenland to remove the abrupt changes in dust flux associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) oscillations of the last glacial period. The procedure is based on the assumption that the rapid changes in dust are associated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barker S,Knorr G

更新日期：2007-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors offers increasing opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of this new class of drugs to treat and cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the NOD mouse. Treatment of prediabetic and new onset dia...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Louvet C,Szot GL,Lang J,Lee MR,Martinier N,Bollag G,Zhu S,Weiss A,Bluestone JA

更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution crystal structures of editing complexes of both duplex and single-stranded DNA bound to Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment (Klenow fragment) show four nucleotides of single-stranded DNA bound to the 3'-5' exonuclease active site and extending toward the polymerase active site. Melting of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Freemont PS,Friedman JM,Beese LS,Sanderson MR,Steitz TA

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The observation that the age-specific incidence curve of many carcinomas is approximately linear on a double logarithmic plot has led to much speculation regarding the number and nature of the critical events involved in carcinogenesis. By a consideration of colorectal and pancreatic cancers in the Surveillance Epidem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meza R,Jeon J,Moolgavkar SH,Luebeck EG

更新日期：2008-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that lymphoblasts alloactivated in vitro acquire the capacity of stimulating the autologous mixed lymphocyte response. This response is anti-idiotypic in nature because lymphocytes so primed display accelerated memory responses only when restimulated by autologous lymphoblasts that have been a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Reed E,Rohowsky C,Kung P,King DW

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Appropriate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal reflects the tight regulation of cell cycle entry and lineage commitment. Here, we show that Id1, a dominant-negative regulator of E protein transcription factors, maintains HSC self-renewal by preserving the undifferentiated state. Id1-deficient HSCs show increas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jankovic V,Ciarrocchi A,Boccuni P,DeBlasio T,Benezra R,Nimer SD

更新日期：2007-01-23 00:00:00