From the Cover: Antarctic climate signature in the Greenland ice core record.

abstract：:In response to hypoxia the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates transcriptional activation of a network of genes encoding erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and several glycolytic enzymes. HIF-1 consists of a heterodimer of two basic helix-loop-helix PAS (Per/Arnt/Sim) proteins, HIF-1alpha and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kallio PJ,Pongratz I,Gradin K,McGuire J,Poellinger L

更新日期：1997-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The oncoproteins MDM2 and MDMX negatively regulate the activity and stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53, conferring tumor development and survival. Antagonists targeting the p53-binding domains of MDM2 and MDMX kill tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo by reactivating the p53 pathway, promising a class of a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu M,Li C,Pazgier M,Li C,Mao Y,Lv Y,Gu B,Wei G,Yuan W,Zhan C,Lu WY,Lu W

更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Brazilian Amazon is one of the most rapidly developing agricultural areas in the world and represents a potentially large future source of greenhouse gases from land clearing and subsequent agricultural management. In an integrated approach, we estimate the greenhouse gas dynamics of natural ecosystems and agricul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galford GL,Melillo JM,Kicklighter DW,Cronin TW,Cerri CE,Mustard JF,Cerri CC

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies by x-ray crystallography, NMR, and molecular simulations have suggested that monovalent counterions can penetrate deeply into the minor groove of B form DNA. Such groove-bound ions potentially could play an important role in AT-tract bending and groove narrowing, thereby modulating DNA function in vivo....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Denisov VP,Halle B

更新日期：2000-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:An initiation complex has been formed in high yields from E. coli ribosomes, 9S messenger RNA for rabbit hemoglobin, and N-formylmethionine-tRNA. Initiation factor IF-3 is required for the binding and puromycin is required for the release of fMet. Valyl-tRNA fails to bind to the second codon, whereas a mixture of 15 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Noll M,Noll H,Lingrel JB

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The status of the Archaea as one of the three primary Domains emphasizes the importance of understanding their molecular fundamentals. Basic transcription in the Archaea resembles eucaryal transcription. However, little is known about transcriptional regulation. We have taken an in vivo approach, using genetics to add...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen-Kupiec R,Blank C,Leigh JA

更新日期：1997-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterogeneous nucleation is vital to a wide range of areas as diverse as ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols and the fabrication of high-performance thin films. There is excellent evidence that surface topography is a key factor in directing crystallization in real systems; however, the mechanisms by which nanoscal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Campbell JM,Meldrum FC,Christenson HK

更新日期：2017-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiostrepton (TSR), an archetypal bimacrocyclic thiopeptide antibiotic that arises from complex posttranslational modifications of a genetically encoded precursor peptide, possesses a quinaldic acid (QA) moiety within the side-ring system of a thiopeptide-characteristic framework. Focusing on selective engineering of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zheng Q,Wang S,Duan P,Liao R,Chen D,Liu W

更新日期：2016-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes to isolate two different cDNAs encoding functional N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits. The two receptors (NMDA-R1A and -R1B) display different pharmacologic properties as a consequence of alternative exon addition within the putative ligand-binding domain. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakanishi N,Axel R,Shneider NA

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient computation of geophysical turbulence, such as occurs in the atmosphere and ocean, is a formidable challenge for the following reasons: the complex combination of waves, jets, and vortices; significant energetic backscatter from unresolved small scales to resolved large scales; a lack of dynamical scale sepa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grooms I,Majda AJ

更新日期：2013-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The insulin signaling pathway is of pivotal importance in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and in cellular processes, such as aging. Insulin activates a tyrosine phosphorylation cascade that branches to create a complex network affecting multiple biological processes. To understand the full spectrum of the tyrosi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krüger M,Kratchmarova I,Blagoev B,Tseng YH,Kahn CR,Mann M

更新日期：2008-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences were inserted into adenovirus in place of the E1 region. The HIV-1 LTR contained in this recombinant adenovirus responds to trans-activation by tatIII in a HeLa cell line constitutively expressing that HIV-1 gene product. In addition, the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rice AP,Mathews MB

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stability of the long noncoding-polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA from Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is conferred by an expression and nuclear retention element (ENE). The ENE protects PAN RNA from a rapid deadenylation-dependent decay pathway via formation of a triple helix between the U-rich internal loop o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown JA,Valenstein ML,Yario TA,Tycowski KT,Steitz JA

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Decomposition is a critical source of plant nutrients, and drives the largest flux of terrestrial C to the atmosphere. Decomposing soil organic matter typically contains litter from multiple plant species, yet we lack a mechanistic understanding of how species diversity influences decomposition processes. Here, we sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meier CL,Bowman WD

更新日期：2008-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cercospora nicotianae SOR1 (singlet oxygen resistance) gene was identified previously as a gene involved in resistance of this fungus to singlet-oxygen-generating phototoxins. Although homologues to SOR1 occur in organisms in four kingdoms and encode one of the most highly conserved proteins yet identified, the pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ehrenshaft M,Bilski P,Li MY,Chignell CF,Daub ME

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural gene for plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance resides upon a 3.2 X 10(6) dalton transposable sequence (TnA) flanked by short inverted repeated sequences that accompany its insertion. TnA was transposed to pMB8, a 1.8 X 10(6) dalton derivative of the colicingenic plasmid ColE1. Random deletions were in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heffron F,Bedinger P,Champoux JJ,Falkow S

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) appeared in the plasma of lethally irradiated H-2d histocompatible DBA/2 and BALB/c mice several weeks after intravenous transplantation of 2 to 4 x 10(6) bone marrow cells from 3-week-old animals of the autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Little or no ANA development was observ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morton JI,Siegel BV

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:pRK212.2, a derivative of the broad host range plasmid RK2, contains two EcoRI cleavage fragments, A and B, neither of which can replicate by itself in Escherichia coli. Fragment A (41.7 kilobases), but not fragment B (14.4 kilobases), can be cloned by insertion into the unrelated plasmids mini-F and ColE1. Fragment B...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Figurski DH,Helinski DR

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heritable disorder that predisposes to sudden cardiac death. LQTS is caused by mutations in ion channel genes including HERG and KCNE1, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. To clarify this situation we injected adenoviral vectors expressing wild-type or LQT mutants of HERG and KC...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoppe UC,Marbán E,Johns DC

更新日期：2001-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to infect macrophages is a common characteristic shared among many mycobacterial species. Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium kansasii enter macrophages, using the complement receptors CR1, CR3, CR4, and the mannose receptor. To identify M. avium genes and host cell pathways ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danelishvili L,Wu M,Stang B,Harriff M,Cirillo SL,Cirillo JD,Bildfell R,Arbogast B,Bermudez LE

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Contractile forces are essential for many developmental processes involving cell shape change and tissue deformation. Recent experiments on reconstituted actomyosin networks, the major component of the contractile machinery, have shown that active contractility occurs above a threshold motor concentration and within a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang S,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The human Thy-1 gene has been isolated and sequenced and compared to the rat and mouse Thy-1 genes. All three genes are organized in the same way: one exon encoding the majority of the signal peptide, another encoding the transmembrane segment, and a third encoding the remainder of the protein. One major structural di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seki T,Spurr N,Obata F,Goyert S,Goodfellow P,Silver J

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:USF1 and USF2 are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors implicated as antagonists of the c-Myc protooncoprotein in the control of cellular proliferation. To determine the biological role of the USF proteins, mutant mice were generated by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. USF1-null mice were viab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sirito M,Lin Q,Deng JM,Behringer RR,Sawadogo M

更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can colonize the gallbladder and persist in an asymptomatic carrier state that is frequently associated with the presence of gallstones. We have shown that salmonellae form bile-mediated biofilms on human gallstones and cholesterol-coated surfaces in vitro. Here, we test the hypothesi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crawford RW,Rosales-Reyes R,Ramírez-Aguilar Mde L,Chapa-Azuela O,Alpuche-Aranda C,Gunn JS

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The first crystal structure of the neurotransmitter/sodium symporter homolog LeuT revealed an occluded binding pocket containing leucine and 2 Na(+); later structures showed tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in an extracellular vestibule approximately 11 A above the bound leucine and 2 Na(+). We recently found this reg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Quick M,Winther AM,Shi L,Nissen P,Weinstein H,Javitch JA

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-mediated G(1) arrest previously has been shown to specifically target inactivation of cyclin D:cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4/6 complexes. We report here that TGF-beta-treated human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells arrest in G(1), but retain continued cyclin D:Cdk4/6 act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagahara H,Ezhevsky SA,Vocero-Akbani AM,Kaldis P,Solomon MJ,Dowdy SF

更新日期：1999-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Three allelic variants of P-pilus-associated G-adhesins (lectins) with different cell-binding properties were recently described. Here we have analyzed Escherichia coli HB101 strains expressing the recombinant G-adhesin variants for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from various species as this relates to the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strömberg N,Nyholm PG,Pascher I,Normark S

更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A remarkable property of Ca2+ fluxes through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-gated Ca2+ channel is that successive increments of InsP3 induce repeated transient release of accumulated Ca2+. The initial aim of this study was to propose a model, based on hypotheses compatible with the current description of thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swillens S,Combettes L,Champeil P

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Prions are thought to replicate in an autocatalytic process that converts cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) to the disease-associated misfolded PrP isoform (PrP(Sc)). Our study scrutinizes this hypothesis by in vitro protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). In serial transmission PMCA experiments, PrP(Sc) was ino...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bieschke J,Weber P,Sarafoff N,Beekes M,Giese A,Kretzschmar H

更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The x-ray sensitive hamster cell line xrs-6 is deficient in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and exhibits impaired V(D)J recombination. The molecular defect in this line is in the 80-kDa subunit of the Ku autoantigen, a protein that binds to DNA ends and recruits the DNA-dependent protein kinase to DNA. Using an I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang F,Romanienko PJ,Weaver DT,Jeggo PA,Jasin M

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00