The central cytoplasmic loop of the major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins governs efficient membrane insertion.

abstract：:HD domain phosphohydrolase enzymes are characterized by a conserved set of histidine and aspartate residues that coordinate an active site metallocenter. Despite the important roles these enzymes play in nucleotide metabolism and signal transduction, few have been both biochemically and structurally characterized. Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bridwell-Rabb J,Kang G,Zhong A,Liu HW,Drennan CL

更新日期：2016-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We have designed three zinc-finger proteins with different DNA binding specificities. The design strategy combines a consensus zinc-finger framework sequence with previously characterized recognition regions such that the specificity of each protein is predictable. The first protein consists of three identical zinc fi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desjarlais JR,Berg JM

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The usual way to compute Hartree-Fock type functions for molecules is by an expansion of the one-electron functions (molecular orbitals) in a linear combination of analytical functions (LCAO-MO-SCF, linear combination of atomic orbitals-Molecular Orbital-Self Consistent field). The expansion coefficients are obtained ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clementi E

更新日期：1972-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Watson-Crick model for DNA duplex duplication proposes that the two parental chains separate and that each directs the synthesis of a complementary chain with which it is found associated after the duplication act. Previous experiments have left unchallenged alternative models which propose that in any single act ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russo VE,Stahl MM,Stahl FW

更新日期：1970-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A membrane-associated folate binding protein (FBP) and a soluble FBP, which is released into the culture medium, have been purified from human KB cells using affinity chromatography. By NaDodSO4/PAGE, both proteins have an apparent Mr of approximately 42,000. However, in the presence of Triton X-100, the soluble FBP e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luhrs CA,Pitiranggon P,da Costa M,Rothenberg SP,Slomiany BL,Brink L,Tous GI,Stein S

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved process in which recognition of double-stranded RNA ultimately leads to posttranscriptional suppression of gene expression. This suppression is mediated by short (21- to 22-nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which induce degradation of mRNA based on complementary base ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barton GM,Medzhitov R

更新日期：2002-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Rad51 is the primary eukaryotic recombinase responsible for initiating DNA strand exchange during homologous recombination. Although the subject of intense study for over a decade, many molecular details of the reactions promoted by Rad51 and related recombinases remain unknown. Using total internal reflection fluores...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Granéli A,Yeykal CC,Robertson RB,Greene EC

更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Specific m6A writer, eraser, and reader proteins have been identified. As an m6A eraser, ALKBH5 specifically removes m6A from target mRNAs and inactivation of Alkbh5 leads to male infertility in mice. However, the underlying mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tang C,Klukovich R,Peng H,Wang Z,Yu T,Zhang Y,Zheng H,Klungland A,Yan W

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:As an adaptation to infrequent access to water, terrestrial mammals produce urine that is hyperosmotic to plasma. To prevent osmotic diuresis by the large quantity of urea generated by protein catabolism, the kidney epithelia contain facilitative urea transporters (UTs) that allow rapid equilibration between the urina...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levin EJ,Cao Y,Enkavi G,Quick M,Pan Y,Tajkhorshid E,Zhou M

更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Sands from various geographic locations reduce N(2) from the air to NH(3) and traces of N(2)H(4) on exposure to sunlight. This N(2) photofixation occurs under sterile conditions on the surface of finely dispersed titanium minerals such as rutile, utilizing reducing equivalents generated through the photolysis of chemi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schrauzer GN,Strampach N,Hui LN,Palmer MR,Salehi J

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear LIM domain protein LMO2, a T cell oncoprotein, is essential for embryonic erythropoiesis. LIM-only proteins are presumed to act primarily through protein-protein interactions. We, and others, have identified a widely expressed protein, Ldb1, whose C-terminal 76-residues are sufficient to mediate interactio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Visvader JE,Mao X,Fujiwara Y,Hahm K,Orkin SH

更新日期：1997-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cedar virus (CedV) is a bat-borne henipavirus related to Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), zoonotic agents of fatal human disease. CedV receptor-binding protein (G) shares only ∼30% sequence identity with those of NiV and HeV, although they can all use ephrin-B2 as an entry receptor. We demonstrate that CedV a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laing ED,Navaratnarajah CK,Cheliout Da Silva S,Petzing SR,Xu Y,Sterling SL,Marsh GA,Wang LF,Amaya M,Nikolov DB,Cattaneo R,Broder CC,Xu K

更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural crest cell derivatives have been suggested to be involved in thymus development. We established nonlymphoid thymic stromal cell cultures capable of supporting T-cell differentiation. In these nonlymphoid cell cultures, we identified cells with phenotypic and biochemical markers specific for neuronal cells. Neur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Screpanti I,Meco D,Scarpa S,Morrone S,Frati L,Gulino A,Modesti A

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Outside of the tropics, environmental conditions fluctuate in a generally predictable manner across the year. Many small mammals have evolved mechanisms, such as seasonal breeding and annual adjustments in physiology, morphology, and behavior, that promote winter survival when food is scarce and thermoregulation is ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weil ZM,Norman GJ,DeVries AC,Berntson GG,Nelson RJ

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific rearrangement of internal chromosomal regions occurs during development of the somatic macronucleus in Tetrahymena thermophila and results in elimination of germ-line (micronuclear) DNA sequences. The timing and mechanism of genome rearrangement within one particular 9.3-kilobase region, which contains three ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Austerberry CF,Allis CD,Yao MC

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The previously described peptide material that reacts with antibodies to gastrin and is found in the central nervous system of various vertebrates is present in only the 100,000 X g pellet of postmortem human cerebral cortical grey matter. This immunoreactive material, extractable in boiling water, is biologically act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robberecht P,Deschodt-Lanckman M,Vanderhaeghen JJ

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innervation of skeletal muscle by motor neurons occurs through the neuromuscular junction, a cholinergic synapse essential for normal muscle growth and function. Defects in nerve-muscle signaling cause a variety of neuromuscular disorders with features of ataxia, paralysis, skeletal muscle wasting, and degeneration. H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson DM,Cannavino J,Li H,Anderson KM,Nelson BR,McAnally J,Bezprozvannaya S,Liu Y,Lin W,Liu N,Bassel-Duby R,Olson EN

更新日期：2016-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We obtain a collection of multilinear Littlewood-Paley estimates, which we then apply to two problems in partial differential equations. The first problem is the estimation of the square root of an elliptic operator in divergence form, and the second is the estimation of solutions to the Cauchy problem for nondivergen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fabes EB,Jerison DS,Kenig CE

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intense proteolysis of cytoskeletal proteins occurs in brain within minutes of transient ischemia, possibly because of the activation of calcium-sensitive proteases (calpains). This proteolytic event precedes overt signs of neuronal degeneration, is most pronounced in regions of selective neuronal vulnerability, and c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee KS,Frank S,Vanderklish P,Arai A,Lynch G

更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The central questions of bacterial ecology and evolution require a method to consistently demarcate, from the vast and diverse set of bacterial cells within a natural community, the groups playing ecologically distinct roles (ecotypes). Because of a lack of theory-based guidelines, current methods in bacterial systema...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koeppel A,Perry EB,Sikorski J,Krizanc D,Warner A,Ward DM,Rooney AP,Brambilla E,Connor N,Ratcliff RM,Nevo E,Cohan FM

更新日期：2008-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:F1, a water-soluble portion of FoF1-ATP synthase, is an ATP hydrolysis-driven rotary motor. The central gamma-subunit rotates in the alpha 3 beta 3 cylinder by repeating the following four stages of rotation: ATP-binding dwell, rapid 80 degrees substep rotation, interim dwell, and rapid 40 degrees substep rotation. At...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimabukuro K,Yasuda R,Muneyuki E,Hara KY,Kinosita K Jr,Yoshida M

更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Strong, short-ranged positional correlations involving counterions can induce a net attractive force between negatively charged strands of DNA and lead to the formation of ion pairs in dilute ionic solutions. However, the long range of the Coulomb interactions impedes the development of a simple local picture. We addr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YG,Weeks JD

更新日期：2006-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical models suggest that social networks influence the evolution of cooperation, but to date there have been few experimental studies. Observational data suggest that a wide variety of behaviors may spread in human social networks, but subjects in such studies can choose to befriend people with similar behavior...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fowler JH,Christakis NA

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of NusA on the RNA polymerase contacts made by nucleotides at internal positions in the nascent RNA in Escherichia coli transcription complexes were analyzed by using the photocrosslinking nucleotide analog 5-[(4-azidophenacyl) thio]-UMP. It was placed at nucleotides between +6 and +15 in RNA transcribed f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu K,Hanna MM

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells contain numerous enzymes that use molecular oxygen for their reactions. Often, their active sites are buried deeply inside the protein, which raises the question whether there are specific access channels guiding oxygen to the site of catalysis. Choosing 12/15-lipoxygenase as a typical example for such oxygen-de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saam J,Ivanov I,Walther M,Holzhütter HG,Kuhn H

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the terminal step in the biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin, the cofactor necessary for aromatic amino acid hydroxylation. We report here the isolation of a cDNA clone for rat liver sepiapterin reductase. The cDNA has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Citron BA,Milstien S,Gutierrez JC,Levine RA,Yanak BL,Kaufman S

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aqueous gel sieving chromatography on Sephadex G-10 of the Group IA cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) plus NH4+ as the Cl- salts, in combination with previous results for the halide anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) as the Na+ salts [Washabaugh, M.W. & Collins, K.D. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12477-12485], leads to the followi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collins KD

更新日期：1995-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The vegetative development of the maize shoot can be divided into juvenile and adult phases based on the types of leaves produced at different times in shoot development. Models for the regulation of phase change make explicit predictions about when the identity of these types of leaves is determined. To test these mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orkwiszewski JA,Poethig RS

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-regulatory networks are ubiquitous in nature and critical for bottom-up engineering of synthetic networks. Transcriptional repression is a fundamental function that can be tuned at the level of DNA, protein, and cooperative protein-protein interactions, necessitating high-throughput experimental approaches for in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swank Z,Laohakunakorn N,Maerkl SJ

更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Switching from repressed to active status in chromatin regulation is part of the critical responses that plants deploy to survive in an ever-changing environment. We previously reported that HOS15, a WD40-repeat protein, is involved in histone deacetylation and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis However, it remained unknow...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park J,Lim CJ,Shen M,Park HJ,Cha JY,Iniesto E,Rubio V,Mengiste T,Zhu JK,Bressan RA,Lee SY,Lee BH,Jin JB,Pardo JM,Kim WY,Yun DJ

更新日期：2018-06-05 00:00:00