Structure and permeation mechanism of a mammalian urea transporter.

abstract：:Palmitoylation is a common lipid modification known to regulate the functional properties of various proteins and is a vital step in the biosynthesis of voltage-activated sodium (Nav) channels. We discovered a mutation in an intracellular loop of rNav1.2a (G1079C), which results in a higher apparent affinity for exter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bosmans F,Milescu M,Swartz KJ

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Social decisions require evaluation of costs and benefits to oneself and others. Long associated with emotion and vigilance, the amygdala has recently been implicated in both decision-making and social behavior. The amygdala signals reward and punishment, as well as facial expressions and the gaze of others. Amygdala ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang SW,Fagan NA,Toda K,Utevsky AV,Pearson JM,Platt ML

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is believed to arise through a multistep model comprised of putative precursor lesions known as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Recent genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC demonstrate a comparable morphologic spectrum of murine PanIN (mPanIN) lesions. The hi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Habbe N,Shi G,Meguid RA,Fendrich V,Esni F,Chen H,Feldmann G,Stoffers DA,Konieczny SF,Leach SD,Maitra A

更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The Japanese firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans, emits intense flashes of light from three tiny luminous organs that are located at the tip of each of a pair of ventral arms. Light is also produced from hundreds of other minute organs that are scattered over the body. The luminescence is due to an ATP-dependent reac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuji FI

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preliminary x-ray diffraction data from single crystals of the MoFe proteins of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum and Azotobacter vinelandii have been obtained. Both protein crystals belong to the P2(1) space group. The MoFe protein crystals from C. pasteurianum and A. vinelandii diffract to angles correspondi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weininger MS,Mortenson LE

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal cell walls and fragments thereof (elicitors) induce the formation of low and high molecular weight defense compounds in plant cell suspension cultures. This induced synthesis requires a signal molecule transmitting the message between the elicitor plant cell wall receptor and gene activation. We demonstrate in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mueller MJ,Brodschelm W,Spannagl E,Zenk MH

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A new ribonuclease, RNase BN, has been identified and partially purified from a strain of Escherichia coli lacking RNase II and RNase D by using the artificial tRNA precursor tRNA-C-[14C]U as substrate. This enzyme is present in E. coli B but absent from the tRNA processing mutant strain BN which is unable to process ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Asha PK,Blouin RT,Zaniewski R,Deutscher MP

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular hybridization with (125)I-labeled citrus exocortis viroid RNA has been used to survey nucleic acid preparations from Gynura aurantiaca for viroid complementary molecules. A differential hybridization effect was detected between nucleic acid extracts from healthy and infected tissue in which significant RNase...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grill LK,Semancik JS

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that the heavily glycosylated glycoprotein gp120 on the surface of HIV-1 shields peptide epitopes from recognition by the immune system and may promote infection in vivo by interaction with dendritic cells and transport to tissue rich in CD4(+) T cells such as lymph nodes. A conserved cluster of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang SK,Liang PH,Astronomo RD,Hsu TL,Hsieh SL,Burton DR,Wong CH

更新日期：2008-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxins are 12-kDa proteins functional in the regulation of cellular processes throughout the animal, plant, and microbial kingdoms. Growing evidence with seeds suggests that an h-type of thioredoxin, reduced by NADPH via NADP-thioredoxin reductase, reduces disulfide bonds of target proteins and thereby acts as a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yano H,Wong JH,Lee YM,Cho MJ,Buchanan BB

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] is the distinguishing protein component of lipoprotein(a), a major inherited risk factor for atherosclerosis. Human apo(a) is homologous to plasminogen. It contains from 15 to 50 repeated domains closely related to plasminogen kringle four, plus single kringle five-like and inactive protease...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lawn RM,Schwartz K,Patthy L

更新日期：1997-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A plasmid that consists of an 812-base-pair segment containing the replication origin of plasmid ColE1 and of a 1240-base-pair segment containing a beta-lactamase gene has been constructed. The plasmid DNA has three principal sites where transcription is initiated in vitro. One is located in the ColE1 segment 555 nucl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Itoh T,Tomizawa J

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyclic enzymatic function of a cytochrome P450, as it catalyzes the oxygen-dependent metabolism of many organic chemicals, requires the delivery of two electrons to the hemeprotein. In general these electrons are transferred from NADPH to the P450 via an FMN- and FAD-containing flavoprotein (NADPH-P450 reductase)....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Faulkner KM,Shet MS,Fisher CW,Estabrook RW

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrochemistry is an old but still flourishing field of research due to the importance of the efficiency and kinetics of electrochemical reactions in industrial processes and (bio-)electrochemical devices. The heterogeneous electron transfer from an electrode to a reactant in the solution has been well studied for m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wijeratne K,Ail U,Brooke R,Vagin M,Liu X,Fahlman M,Crispin X

更新日期：2018-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Determining trend and implementing detrending operations are important steps in data analysis. Yet there is no precise definition of "trend" nor any logical algorithm for extracting it. As a result, various ad hoc extrinsic methods have been used to determine trend and to facilitate a detrending operation. In this art...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu Z,Huang NE,Long SR,Peng CK

更新日期：2007-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK) was inserted into a modified early region transcription unit of simian virus 40 (SV40) contained on a bacterial plasmid. Introduction of this pSVK vector into monkey, mouse, and hamster cell lines by transfection resulted in efficient expression of the bacterial galK gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schümperli D,Howard BH,Rosenberg M

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary restriction (DR), such as calorie restriction (CR) or methionine (Met) restriction, extends the lifespan of diverse model organisms. Although studies have identified several metabolites that contribute to the beneficial effects of DR, the molecular mechanism underlying the key metabolites responsible for DR re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ogawa T,Tsubakiyama R,Kanai M,Koyama T,Fujii T,Iefuji H,Soga T,Kume K,Miyakawa T,Hirata D,Mizunuma M

更新日期：2016-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Transabdominal (Tab) is a dominant gain-of-function mutation that results in islands of sexually dimorphic abdominal cuticle in the dorsal thorax of the adult fly. This phenotype has complete penetrance and constant expressivity, and we show that it results from ectopic expression of ABD-BII, one of two proteins deriv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Celniker SE,Lewis EB

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino-terminal 20 amino acids are required for microinjected ribonuclease A (RNase A) to be taken up by lysosomes and degraded at an enhanced rate during serum withdrawal. We used water-soluble carbodiimides to covalently attach the RNase S-peptide (residues 1-20) to [3H]RNase S-protein (residues 21-124) at unspec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Backer JM,Dice JF

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sheep antibodies directed against an AMP-bovine serum albumin conjugate exhibit highly specific binding toward AMP. These antibodies bind to the AMP moiety of adenylylated glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] from Escherichia coli and to no other antigenic determinant on the prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hohman RJ,Rhee SG,Stadtman ER

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mounting effective T cell responses is critical for eliciting long-lasting immunity following viral infection and vaccination. A multitude of inhibitory and stimulatory factors are induced following infection, and it is the compilation of these signals that quantitatively and qualitatively program the ensuing effector...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brooks DG,Walsh KB,Elsaesser H,Oldstone MB

更新日期：2010-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+ ions control the cGMP-gated channel of rod photoreceptor cells from the external and internal face. We studied ion selectivity and blockage by Ca2+ of wild-type and mutant channels in a heterologous expression system. External Ca2+ blocks the inward current at micromolar concentrations in a highly voltage-depende...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eismann E,Müller F,Heinemann SH,Kaupp UB

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:neurogenin2 (ngn2) encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and plays an important role in neurogenesis from migratory neural crest cells. Its role in retinal development is poorly understood. We observed that in the developing chick retina, ngn2 was expressed in a subpopulation of proliferating progenito...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan RT,Ma WX,Wang SZ

更新日期：2001-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by abnormal T helper-2 (T(H)2) lymphocyte responses to inhaled antigens. The molecular mechanisms leading to the generation of T(H)2 responses remain unclear, although toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on innate immune cells play a pivotal role in s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mattes J,Collison A,Plank M,Phipps S,Foster PS

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Immobilization antigens of stock 51 of Paramecium tetraurelia were subjected to electrophoresis in NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gels. Type A is estimated to have a molecular size of 300,000 daltons; H is estimated to be 288,000, D to be 280,000, E to be 270,000, B to be 253,000, and C to be 250,000. Poly(A)(+)RNAs have b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preer JR,Preer LB,Rudman BM

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a method for predicting the structure of alpha beta class proteins in the absence of information from homologous structures. The method is based on an associative memory model for short to intermediate range in sequence contacts and a contact potential for long range in sequence contacts. The coefficients ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hardin C,Eastwood MP,Prentiss MC,Luthey-Schulten Z,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitatively identifying direct dependencies between variables is an important task in data analysis, in particular for reconstructing various types of networks and causal relations in science and engineering. One of the most widely used criteria is partial correlation, but it can only measure linearly direct associ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao J,Zhou Y,Zhang X,Chen L

更新日期：2016-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Duplication of the genome during the S phase of the cell cycle does not occur simultaneously; rather, different sequences are replicated at different times. The replication timing of specific sequences can change during development; however, the determinants of this dynamic process are poorly understood. To gain insig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： White EJ,Emanuelsson O,Scalzo D,Royce T,Kosak S,Oakeley EJ,Weissman S,Gerstein M,Groudine M,Snyder M,Schübeler D

更新日期：2004-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:X-ray structures of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase have suggested that the enzyme, which reduces O(2) in a process coupled with a proton pumping process, contains a proton pumping pathway (H-pathway) composed of a hydrogen bond network and a water channel located in tandem across the enzyme. The hydrogen bond netwo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimokata K,Katayama Y,Murayama H,Suematsu M,Tsukihara T,Muramoto K,Aoyama H,Yoshikawa S,Shimada H

更新日期：2007-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin-binding protein (OBP) from herpes simplex virus 1 is a member of the SF2 helicase superfamily and is required for the initiation of DNA synthesis from a viral origin of DNA replication (oriS). The high-affinity binding sites for OBP in oriS, boxes I and II, are separated by an A+T-rich spacer. We used the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gustafsson CM,Hammarsten O,Falkenberg M,Elias P

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00