CD4 memory T cells divide poorly in response to antigen because of their cytokine profile.

abstract：:During the entry process, the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is trafficked to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), whereupon it enters the nucleus during mitosis. We previously demonstrated that the minor capsid protein L2 assumes a transmembranous conformation in the TGN. Here we provide evidence that the incoming viral...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiGiuseppe S,Luszczek W,Keiffer TR,Bienkowska-Haba M,Guion LG,Sapp MJ

更新日期：2016-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The local conformations of proteins and peptides are determined by the amino acid sequence. However, the 20 amino acids encoded by the genome allow the peptide backbone to fold into many conformations, so that even for a small peptide it becomes very difficult to predict the three-dimensional structure. By using empir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burgess AW

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Electromyographic recordings from individual identified ankle muscles of the 7-day chick embryo (stage 31) were used to determine the organization of motor output at a developmental stage shortly after the onset of spontaneous motility in the leg. During spontaneous motility of the embryo, the electromyographic record...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bekoff A,Stein PS,Hamburger V

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diphtheria tox repressor (DtxR) of Corynebacterium diphtheriae plays a critical role in the regulation of diphtheria toxin expression and the control of other iron-sensitive genes. The crystal structures of apo-DtxR and of the metal ion-activated form of the repressor have been solved and used to identify motifs i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schiering N,Tao X,Zeng H,Murphy JR,Petsko GA,Ringe D

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco mosaic virus and turnip yellow mosaic virus genome RNAs, which have long (greater than or equal to 69 nucleotides) 5'-terminal leader sequences preceding the AUG initiation codon, can form disome initiation complexes when incubated with a wheat germ extract and sparsomycin. In tobacco mosaic virus RNA, whereas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Filipowicz W,Haenni AL

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A specific fraction of chromosomal DNA from both yeast and a wide variety of other eukaryotes, but not from Escherichia coli, promotes high-frequency transformation in yeast. The plasmids containing these sequences are maintained as extra-chromosomal molecules in transformed cells. These results suggest that similar o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zakian VA

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decision-makers increasingly seek scientific guidance on investing in nature, but biodiversity remains difficult to estimate across diverse landscapes. Here, we develop empirically based models for quantifying biodiversity across space. We focus on agricultural lands in the tropical forest biome, wherein lies the grea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mendenhall CD,Shields-Estrada A,Krishnaswami AJ,Daily GC

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative syndrome associated with 114 mutations in the gene encoding the cytosolic homodimeric enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this article, we report that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated SOD mutations with distinctly different disease progression can be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lindberg MJ,Byström R,Boknäs N,Andersen PM,Oliveberg M

更新日期：2005-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A topological model of the DNA binding site for the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is presented. A consensus sequence drawn from the known CRP binding sites has several symmetrical subregions that are spatially resolved onto different faces of the DNA helix. Consideration of available biochemical and genetic data s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Neill MC,Amass K,de Crombrugghe B

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The global configuration of individual, surface-adsorbed molecules of the giant muscle protein titin, labeled with rhodamine conjugates, was followed with confocal microscopy. Fluorescence-emission intensity was reduced because of self-quenching caused by the close spacing between rhodamine dye molecules that formed d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grama L,Somogyi B,Kellermayer MS

更新日期：2001-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed model for the structure and dynamics of the interior of the lipid bilayer in the liquid crystal phase is presented. The model includes two classes of motion: (i) the internal dynamics of the chains, determined from Brownian dynamics simulations with a continuous version of the Marcelja mean-field potential,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pastor RW,Venable RM,Karplus M

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X, is the most widely used defining marker for dendritic cells (DCs). CD11c can bind complement iC3b and mediate phagocytosis in vitro, for which it is also referred to as complement receptor 4. However, the functions of this prominent marker protein in DCs, especially in vivo, rema...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu J,Wu H,An J,Ballantyne CM,Cyster JG

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Motion detection is typically spared in blindsight, which results from damage to the striate cortex (area V1) of the brain that is sufficient to eliminate conscious visual awareness and severely reduce sensitivity to luminance contrast, especially for high spatial and low temporal frequencies. Here we show that the di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Azzopardi P,Hock HS

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Periodical cicadas are well known for their prime-numbered life cycles (17 and 13 years) and their mass periodical emergences. The origination and persistence of prime-numbered cycles are explained by the hybridization hypothesis on the basis of their lower likelihood of hybridization with other cycles. Recently, we s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tanaka Y,Yoshimura J,Simon C,Cooley JR,Tainaka K

更新日期：2009-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin-myosin subfragment-1 (SF-1) or actin-heavy meromyosin is dissociated by the binding of ADP and vanadate (Vi) under conditions such that ADP alone does not dissociate the complex. The association constant of the stable complex M.ADP.Vi, in which M indicates myosin [Goodno, C. C. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goodno CC,Taylor EW

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) refers to the earliest clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently there are no prognostic biological markers that accurately predict conversion of CIS to clinically definite MS (CDMS). Furthermore, the earliest molecular events in MS are still unknown. We used micro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Corvol JC,Pelletier D,Henry RG,Caillier SJ,Wang J,Pappas D,Casazza S,Okuda DT,Hauser SL,Oksenberg JR,Baranzini SE

更新日期：2008-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Although most nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent transcriptional activators, certain members of this superfamily, such as thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), are involved in transcriptional repression. The silencing function of these receptors has been localized to the ligand bi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nawaz Z,Tsai MJ,O'Malley BW

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I cadherin cell-adhesion proteins are similar in sequence and structure and yet are different enough to mediate highly specific cell-cell recognition phenomena. It has previously been shown that small differences in the homophilic and heterophilic binding affinities of different type I family members can account ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vendome J,Felsovalyi K,Song H,Yang Z,Jin X,Brasch J,Harrison OJ,Ahlsen G,Bahna F,Kaczynska A,Katsamba PS,Edmond D,Hubbell WL,Shapiro L,Honig B

更新日期：2014-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A 10-aa motif in transmembrane helix 1 of diphtheria toxin that is conserved in anthrax edema factor, anthrax lethal factor, and botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, C, and D was identified by blast, clustal w, and meme computational analysis. Using the diphtheria toxin-related fusion protein toxin DAB(389)IL-2, we demon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratts R,Trujillo C,Bharti A,vanderSpek J,Harrison R,Murphy JR

更新日期：2005-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:High-affinity ligands of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were isolated by the SELEX procedure (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) from RNA populations randomized at 32 positions. Analysis of these ligands revealed a pseudoknot consensus with primary sequ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tuerk C,MacDougal S,Gold L

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Of nine established murine haplotypes, mice of three types (H-2d, H-2u, and H-2q) possess major histocompatibility complex class I glycoproteins able to present an identical viral peptide for recognition and lysis by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Incorporation of this viral epitope into a recombinant vaccini...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oldstone MB,Tishon A,Geckeler R,Lewicki H,Whitton JL

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrated assessment models of climate and the economy provide estimates of the social cost of carbon and inform climate policy. We create a variant of the Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (RICE)-a regionally disaggregated version of the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE)-i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dennig F,Budolfson MB,Fleurbaey M,Siebert A,Socolow RH

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Absolute pitch (AP) is the rare ability to identify the pitch of a tone without the aid of a reference tone. Understanding both the nature and genesis of AP can provide insights into neuroplasticity in the auditory system. We explored factors that may influence the accuracy of pitch perception in AP subjects both duri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Athos EA,Levinson B,Kistler A,Zemansky J,Bostrom A,Freimer N,Gitschier J

更新日期：2007-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The swelling of secretory vesicles has been implicated in exocytosis, but the underlying mechanism of vesicle swelling remains largely unknown. Zymogen granules (ZGs), the membrane-bound secretory vesicles in exocrine pancreas, swell in response to GTP mediated by a G(alpha)i3 protein. Evidence is presented here that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cho SJ,Sattar AK,Jeong EH,Satchi M,Cho JA,Dash S,Mayes MS,Stromer MH,Jena BP

更新日期：2002-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Golgi-associated cytoplasmic proteins, such as the coatomer protein complex, are required for vesicle budding and trafficking. We have previously described a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein, p200, which binds dynamically and specifically to Golgi membranes. The p200 protein is dissociated from Golgi membranes in the presen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narula N,Stow JL

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), a common age-associated neurodegenerative disease characterized by intraneuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies) and progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. It has recently been demonstrated that midbrain D...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ekstrand MI,Terzioglu M,Galter D,Zhu S,Hofstetter C,Lindqvist E,Thams S,Bergstrand A,Hansson FS,Trifunovic A,Hoffer B,Cullheim S,Mohammed AH,Olson L,Larsson NG

更新日期：2007-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A highly effective vaccine would be a valuable weapon in the drive toward malaria elimination. No such vaccine currently exists, and only a handful of the hundreds of potential candidates in the parasite genome have been evaluated. In this study, we systematically evaluated 29 antigens likely to be involved in erythro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bustamante LY,Powell GT,Lin YC,Macklin MD,Cross N,Kemp A,Cawkill P,Sanderson T,Crosnier C,Muller-Sienerth N,Doumbo OK,Traore B,Crompton PD,Cicuta P,Tran TM,Wright GJ,Rayner JC

更新日期：2017-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A nuclear protein, termed leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein (LANP), has been isolated from among rat cerebellar proteins whose expression was transiently increased during an early stage of postnatal development. The amino acid sequence, deduced from its cDNA, showed that LANP contains 247 amino acids consisting of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matsuoka K,Taoka M,Satozawa N,Nakayama H,Ichimura T,Takahashi N,Yamakuni T,Song SY,Isobe T

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:As an electron transfer-driven proton pump, cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) must alternate between two conformations in each valence state of the redox element associated with ion translocation. Using second derivative absorption spectroscopy, the conformation of the cytochro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Copeland RA

更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arginine is an amino acid that serves as a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and arginase. As such, arginine has the potential to influence diverse fundamental processes in the lung. Here we report that the arginine transport protein, cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)2, has a critical role in regulating lung inf...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rothenberg ME,Doepker MP,Lewkowich IP,Chiaramonte MG,Stringer KF,Finkelman FD,MacLeod CL,Ellies LG,Zimmermann N

更新日期：2006-10-03 00:00:00