Allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas.

abstract：:Myocardin and the myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) A and B act as coactivators for serum response factor, which plays a key role in cardiovascular development. To determine the functions of MRTF-B in vivo, we generated MRTF-B mutant mice by targeted inactivation of the MRTF-B gene. We show that mice hom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oh J,Richardson JA,Olson EN

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelia in animals are colonized by complex communities of microbes. Although a topic of long-standing interest, understanding the evolution of the microbial communities and their role in triggering innate immune responses has resisted analysis. Cnidaria are among the simplest animals at the tissue grade of organiza...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraune S,Bosch TC

更新日期：2007-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) is directed by the long and repetitive switch regions and requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). One of the conserved switch-region sequence motifs (AGCT) is a preferred site for AID-mediated DNA-cytosine deamination. By using somatic gene targeting and recombinase-me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han L,Masani S,Yu K

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Coimmunoprecipitation of members of the phytochrome red/farred photoreceptor family from plant extracts has been used to analyze their heteromeric binding interactions. Phytochrome (phy)B or phyD apoproteins with six myc epitopes fused to their N termini are biologically active when expressed in Arabidopsis. Immunopre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharrock RA,Clack T

更新日期：2004-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Type IV pili (Tfp), which are key virulence factors in many bacterial pathogens, define a large group of multipurpose filamentous nanomachines widespread in Bacteria and Archaea. Tfp biogenesis is a complex multistep process, which relies on macromolecular assemblies composed of 15 conserved proteins in model gram-neg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goosens VJ,Busch A,Georgiadou M,Castagnini M,Forest KT,Waksman G,Pelicic V

更新日期：2017-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA-I molecules play a central role in antigen presentation. They typically bind 9- to 12-mer peptides, and their canonical binding mode involves anchor residues at the second and last positions of their ligands. To investigate potential noncanonical binding modes, we collected in-depth and accurate HLA peptidomics da...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guillaume P,Picaud S,Baumgaertner P,Montandon N,Schmidt J,Speiser DE,Coukos G,Bassani-Sternberg M,Filippakopoulos P,Gfeller D

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The chloroplast stromal proteins from spinach condense the two heterocyclic moieties of vitamin B1--4-methyl-5-(beta-hydroxyethyl)thiazole and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine--in the presence of MgATP. We have taken advantage of this observation to study thiazole synthesis. We present data indicating that p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Julliard JH,Douce R

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer development is associated with hyperactive androgen signaling. However, the molecular link between androgen receptor (AR) function and humoral factors remains elusive. A prostate cancer mouse model was generated by selectively mutating the AR threonine 877 into alanine in prostatic epithelial cells thr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takahashi S,Watanabe T,Okada M,Inoue K,Ueda T,Takada I,Watabe T,Yamamoto Y,Fukuda T,Nakamura T,Akimoto C,Fujimura T,Hoshino M,Imai Y,Metzger D,Miyazono K,Minami Y,Chambon P,Kitamura T,Matsumoto T,Kato S

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (L-gulono-gamma-lactone:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.8) is the enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in mammalian liver. The absence of the oxidase activity in primates and guinea pigs is the reason why these animals are subject to scurvy, which mus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nishikimi M,Udenfriend S

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A topological model of the DNA binding site for the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is presented. A consensus sequence drawn from the known CRP binding sites has several symmetrical subregions that are spatially resolved onto different faces of the DNA helix. Consideration of available biochemical and genetic data s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Neill MC,Amass K,de Crombrugghe B

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic analysis has revealed that the accumulation of several chloroplast mRNAs of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires specific nucleus-encoded functions. To gain insight into this process, we have cloned the nuclear gene encoding the Mbb1 factor by genomic rescue of a mutant specifically deficient in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vaistij FE,Boudreau E,Lemaire SD,Goldschmidt-Clermont M,Rochaix JD

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Establishing a timeline for the evolution of novelties is a common, unifying goal at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental biology. Analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide the ability to understand the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thompson JR,Erkenbrack EM,Hinman VF,McCauley BS,Petsios E,Bottjer DJ

更新日期：2017-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The requirement and influence of the peripheral nervous system on tissue replacement in mammalian appendages remain largely undefined. To explore this question, we have performed genetic lineage tracing and clonal analysis of individual cells of mouse hind limb tissues devoid of nerve supply during regeneration of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rinkevich Y,Montoro DT,Muhonen E,Walmsley GG,Lo D,Hasegawa M,Januszyk M,Connolly AJ,Weissman IL,Longaker MT

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast fatty acid synthase (M(r) = 2.5 x 10(6)) is organized in an alpha 6 beta 6 complex. In these studies, the synthase structure has been examined by negative-stain and cryo-electron microscopy. Side and end views of the structure indicate that the molecule, shaped similar to a prolate ellipsoid, has a high-dens...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stoops JK,Kolodziej SJ,Schroeter JP,Bretaudiere JP,Wakil SJ

更新日期：1992-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:CBP is a transcriptional coactivator required by many transcription factors for transactivation. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, which is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by abnormal pattern formation, has been shown to be associated with mutations in the Cbp gene. Furthermore, Drosophila CBP is required in hed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tanaka Y,Naruse I,Maekawa T,Masuya H,Shiroishi T,Ishii S

更新日期：1997-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous studies on the immune response against malignant human tumors. This study was aimed to address the complexity and specificity of humoral immune response against a benign human tumor. We assembled a panel of 62 meningioma-expressed antigens that show reactivity with serum antibodies of meningioma pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Comtesse N,Zippel A,Walle S,Monz D,Backes C,Fischer U,Mayer J,Ludwig N,Hildebrandt A,Keller A,Steudel WI,Lenhof HP,Meese E

更新日期：2005-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrastructural immunocytochemical studies of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in the placentas of inbred rats were performed using placentas derived from natural matings and from embryo transfers into females made pseudopregnant by mechanical stimulation. The studies utilized the WF...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kanbour-Shakir A,Zhang X,Rouleau A,Armstrong DT,Kunz HW,Macpherson TA,Gill TJ 3rd

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic islands, large potentially mobile regions of bacterial chromosomes, are a major contributor to bacteria evolution. Here, we investigated the fitness cost and phenotypic differences between the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and a derivative carrying one integrated copy of the clc element, a 103-kb genom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gaillard M,Pernet N,Vogne C,Hagenbüchle O,van der Meer JR

更新日期：2008-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A chimeric transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) molecule has been synthesized to map the amino acids responsible for the substantially greater activity of TGF-beta 1 than TGF-beta 2 on growth and migration of endothelial cells. This chimera consists of a dimer of a monomeric unit composed of amino acids 1-39 of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qian SW,Burmester JK,Merwin JR,Madri JA,Sporn MB,Roberts AB

更新日期：1992-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of the nervous system in the amphibian embryo is initiated during gastrulation by an inductive interaction between chordamesoderm and dorsal ectoderm. The induced ectoderm forms the neural plate while uninduced ectoderm generates epidermis. We screened for genes activated during gastrulation and expressed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richter K,Grunz H,Dawid IB

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) is a region-specific process that exchanges the constant Ig heavy-chain region and thus modifies an antibody's effector function. DNA lesions in switch (S) regions are induced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and uracil-DNA glycosylase 2 (UNG2), subsequently processed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kracker S,Imai K,Gardès P,Ochs HD,Fischer A,Durandy AH

更新日期：2010-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:During cell division, the mitotic spindle segregates the sister chromatids into two nascent cells, such that each daughter cell inherits one complete set of chromosomes. Errors in spindle formation can result in both chromosome missegregation and cytokinesis defects and hence lead to genomic instability. To ensure the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nousiainen M,Silljé HH,Sauer G,Nigg EA,Körner R

更新日期：2006-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We are interested in using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in the treatment of hemophilia A. Because of the size constraints of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, we delivered the heavy and light chains of the human factor 8 (hFVIII) cDNA independently by using two separate vectors. Recombinant AAV...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burton M,Nakai H,Colosi P,Cunningham J,Mitchell R,Couto L

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate transport by the excitatory amino acid carrier EAAC1 is known to be reversible. Thus, glutamate can either be taken up into cells, or it can be released from cells through reverse transport, depending on the electrochemical gradient of the co- and countertransported ions. However, it is unknown how fast and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Z,Tao Z,Gameiro A,Barcelona S,Braams S,Rauen T,Grewer C

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies may bind to bacterial pathogens or their toxins to control infections, and their effector activity is mediated through the recruitment of complement component C1q or the engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). For bacterial pathogens that rely on a single toxin to cause disease, immunity correlates with toxi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Shi M,Tong X,Kim HK,Wang LX,Schneewind O,Missiakas D

更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a culture medium of pH 7.4 and a folic acid concentration of 100 mug/liter that contains 5% heat-inactivated chicken plasma rather than serum, the rate of proliferation of normal chicken fibroblasts is determined by the concentration of calcium. Proliferation, rapid when the calcium concentration is physiological, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balk SD,Whitfield JF,Youdale T,Braun AC

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atomically precise metal clusters have attracted increasing interest owing to their unique size-dependent properties; however, little has been known about the effect of size on the catalytic properties of metal clusters at the single-cluster level. Here, by real-time monitoring with single-molecule fluorescence micros...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Song P,Chen T,Liu X,Chen T,Wu Z,Wang Y,Xie J,Xu W

更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated with primary HIV-1 infection and transmission. Recent studies have shown that IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, including IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, restrict a broad range of viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an IFITM2 isoform (Δ20 IFITM2) la...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu WL,Grotefend CR,Tsai MT,Wang YL,Radic V,Eoh H,Huang IC

更新日期：2017-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:S3I-201 (NSC 74859) is a chemical probe inhibitor of Stat3 activity, which was identified from the National Cancer Institute chemical libraries by using structure-based virtual screening with a computer model of the Stat3 SH2 domain bound to its Stat3 phosphotyrosine peptide derived from the x-ray crystal structure of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Siddiquee K,Zhang S,Guida WC,Blaskovich MA,Greedy B,Lawrence HR,Yip ML,Jove R,McLaughlin MM,Lawrence NJ,Sebti SM,Turkson J

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase enriched in cerebellar granule cells (CaM kinase Gr) is a neuronal calmodulin-dependent protein kinase whose purification and partial cloning from rat brain has been described. A combination of the polymerase chain reaction and cDNA library screening was used to determine the D...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohmstede CA,Bland MM,Merrill BM,Sahyoun N

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00