Biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin (vitamin B1) in higher plant chloroplasts.

abstract：:Recently it has become apparent that N = 2 supersymmetric quantum field theory has something to do with cluster algebras. I review one aspect of the connection: supersymmetric quantum field theories have associated hyperkähler moduli spaces, and these moduli spaces carry a structure that looks like an extension of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neitzke A

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Claspin is a homolog of Mrc1, a checkpoint protein required for the DNA replication checkpoint in yeast. In Xenopus, phosphorylated Claspin binds to xChk1 and regulates xChk1 activation in response to replication stress. In this study, we have shown that the human homolog of Claspin is required for resistance to multi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin SY,Li K,Stewart GS,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2004-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets is the hallmark of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a spontaneous autoimmune disease of non-obese diabetic mice resembling human juvenile (type I) diabetes. Histochemical analysis of diabetic pancreata revealed that mononuclear cells...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiss L,Slavin S,Reich S,Cohen P,Shuster S,Stern R,Kaganovsky E,Okon E,Rubinstein AM,Naor D

更新日期：2000-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The classic anthropological hypothesis known as the "obstetrical dilemma" is a well-known explanation for human altriciality, a condition that has significant implications for human social and behavioral evolution. The hypothesis holds that antagonistic selection for a large neonatal brain and a narrow, bipedal-adapte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dunsworth HM,Warrener AG,Deacon T,Ellison PT,Pontzer H

更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of high levels of new catalytic activities on natural and artificial protein scaffolds is a major goal of enzyme engineering. Here, we used random mutagenesis and selection in vivo to establish a sugar isomerisation reaction on both a natural (beta alpha)(8)-barrel enzyme and a catalytically inert chime...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Claren J,Malisi C,Höcker B,Sterner R

更新日期：2009-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific heritable mutations in maize genes were engineered by introducing chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Two independent targets within the endogenous maize acetohydroxyacid synthase gene sequence were modified in a site-specific fashion, thereby conferring resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu T,Peterson DJ,Tagliani L,St Clair G,Baszczynski CL,Bowen B

更新日期：1999-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:NKp46 is a cell surface receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, on a minute subset of T cells, and on a population of innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22 and express the transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γt, referred to as NK cell receptor (NKR)(+)ROR-γt(+) cells. Here we descri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narni-Mancinelli E,Chaix J,Fenis A,Kerdiles YM,Yessaad N,Reynders A,Gregoire C,Luche H,Ugolini S,Tomasello E,Walzer T,Vivier E

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Various compounds that affect signal transduction regulate the relative utilization of alternative processing pathways for the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) in intact cells, increasing the production of nonamyloidogenic soluble beta APP (s beta APP) and decreasing that of amyloidogenic beta-amyloid peptide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu H,Sweeney D,Greengard P,Gandy S

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical imaging of individual vesicle exocytosis is providing new insights into the mechanism and regulation of secretion by cells. To study calcium-triggered secretion from astrocytes, we used acridine orange (AO) to label vesicles. Although AO is often used for imaging exocytosis, we found that imaging vesicles labe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jaiswal JK,Fix M,Takano T,Nedergaard M,Simon SM

更新日期：2007-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Combinations of molecular tags visible in light and electron microscopes become particularly advantageous in the analysis of dynamic cellular components like the Golgi apparatus. This organelle disassembles at the onset of mitosis and, after a sequence of poorly understood events, reassembles after cytokinesis. The pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gaietta GM,Giepmans BN,Deerinck TJ,Smith WB,Ngan L,Llopis J,Adams SR,Tsien RY,Ellisman MH

更新日期：2006-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury induce an escalating amount of cell death because of harmful mediators diffusing from the original lesion site. Evidence suggests that healthy cells surrounding these lesions attempt to protect themselves by producing endocannabinoids (eCBs) and activating cannabinoid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Witting A,Chen L,Cudaback E,Straiker A,Walter L,Rickman B,Möller T,Brosnan C,Stella N

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The heroin analogue 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, MPP(+), both in vitro and in vivo, produces death of dopaminergic substantia nigral cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase multienzyme complex, producing a syndrome indistinguishable from Parkinson's disease. Similarly, a fragment of amyloid protein, A...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kashiwaya Y,Takeshima T,Mori N,Nakashima K,Clarke K,Veech RL

更新日期：2000-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian cells typically contain thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA assembled into hundreds of nucleoids. Here we analyzed the dynamic features of nucleoids in terms of mitochondrial membrane dynamics involving balanced fusion and fission. In mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein (Drp1)-deficient...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ban-Ishihara R,Ishihara T,Sasaki N,Mihara K,Ishihara N

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Two functional human dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase; EC 3.6.1.23) cDNAs were isolated from a cDNA expression library by genetic complementation in Escherichia coli. These cDNAs differed in size but exhibited a common overlapping DNA sequence. Contained within this sequence was a single long open reading frame sufficien...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McIntosh EM,Ager DD,Gadsden MH,Haynes RH

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic signals linking the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion receptors are essential for morphogenesis during development and normal tissue homeostasis. Abi1 is a central regulator of actin polymerization through interactions with multiple protein complexes. However, the in vivo role of Abi1 remains to be defined....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ring C,Ginsberg MH,Haling J,Pendergast AM

更新日期：2011-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:For study of the basis of an X-linked form of gout in man, several clonal lines deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) were selected from the human lymphoblast line WI-L2 by spontaneous and mutagen-induced resistance to 10 muM 8-azaguanine. Three groups could be defined: (1) clones wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lever JE,Nuki G,Seegmiller JE

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the striking features of vascular endothelium, the single-cell-thick lining of the cardiovascular system, is its phenotypic plasticity. Various pathophysiologic factors, such as cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and metabolic products, can modulate its functional phenotype in health and disease. In addition ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garcia-Cardeña G,Comander J,Anderson KR,Blackman BR,Gimbrone MA Jr

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition has been detected in early embryos, adult brains, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and many cancers, including epithelial GI tumors. We previously found numerous somatic L1 insertions in paired normal and GI cancerous tissues. Here, using a modified method of single-cell anal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamaguchi K,Soares AO,Goff LA,Talasila A,Choi JA,Ivenitsky D,Karma S,Brophy B,Devine SE,Meltzer SJ,Kazazian HH Jr

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:MacArthur and Wilson [MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ)] used the rate of recolonization of the Krakatau Islands (sterilized in the cataclysmic 1883 eruption) by birds and vascular plants to test their equilibrium model of immigration and e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thornton IW,Zann RA,Rawlinson PA,Tidemann CR,Adikerana AS,Widjoya AH

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the contribution to immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity made by recombination between variable region (VH) genes and joining region (JH) genes, we have determined the sequence of about 2000 nucleotides spanning the rearranged JH gene cluster associated with the VH gene expressed in plasmacytoma HPC76. The a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gough NM,Bernard O

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA end-joining protein Ku70 is one of several proteins that inhibit apoptosis by sequestering the proapoptotic factor Bax from the mitochondria. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Ku70-dependent inhibition of Bax is not fully understood. Here, we show that the absence of Ku70 results in the accumulation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amsel AD,Rathaus M,Kronman N,Cohen HY

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The livers of insulin-resistant, diabetic mice manifest selective insulin resistance, suggesting a bifurcation in the insulin signaling pathway: Insulin loses its ability to block glucose production (i.e., it fails to suppress PEPCK and other genes of gluconeogenesis), yet it retains its ability to stimulate fatty aci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li S,Brown MS,Goldstein JL

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated whether the large (5- to 15-fold) stimulation of synthesis of growth hormone (somatotropin) observed upon exposure of a strain of rat pituitary (GH3) cells to dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) arises from a stimulation of pregrowth hormone mRNA. A good agreement was observed between the s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tushinski RJ,Sussman PM,Yu LY,Bancroft FC

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An investigation by paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the photoreduction of ferredoxin, oxygenically by water and anoxygenically by a direct electron donor to photosystem I, led to the unexpected findings that different reductive mechanisms may be involved. Ferredoxin photoreduced by water was not reoxidized in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arnon DI,Tsujimoto HY,Tang GM

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate side chains of proteoglycans, resulting in disassembly of the extracellular matrix underlying endothelial and epithelial cells and associating with enhanced cell invasion and metastasis. Heparanase expression is induced in carcinomas and sarcomas, often ass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weissmann M,Arvatz G,Horowitz N,Feld S,Naroditsky I,Zhang Y,Ng M,Hammond E,Nevo E,Vlodavsky I,Ilan N

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydrodynamic properties of the detergent-solubilized, terminal membrane complex of serum complement components C5-C9 [C5b-9(m)] were studied to obtain an estimate of its molecular weight. In a solution of Triton X-100/deoxycholate, the protein complex binds 17% Triton X-100 and 11% deoxycholate by weight. The sedi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhakdi S,Tranum-Jensen J

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combined effects of two drugs present simultaneously are usually expressed as summation, synergism or potentiation, and antagonism. When the sum of the effects of each drug present separately equals the combined effect of the two drugs present simultaneously, the action is called additive or summation. However, the ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kamaya H,Ueda I,Eyring H

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The F-box protein Skp2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) positively regulates the G(1)-S transition by controlling the stability of several G(1) regulators, such as the cell cycle inhibitor p27. We show here that Skp2 expression correlates directly with grade of malignancy and inversely with p27 levels in human ly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Latres E,Chiarle R,Schulman BA,Pavletich NP,Pellicer A,Inghirami G,Pagano M

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The total amount of noncoding sequences on chromosomes of contemporary organisms varies significantly from species to species. We propose a hypothesis for the origin of these noncoding sequences that assumes that (i) an approximately equal to 0.55-kilobase (kb)-long reading frame composed the primordial gene and (ii) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Naora H,Miyahara K,Curnow RN

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loads on molecular motors regulate and coordinate their function. In a study that directly measures properties of internally strained myosin 2 heads bound to actin, we find that human nonmuscle myosins 2A and 2B show marked load-dependent changes in kinetics of ADP release but not in nucleotide binding. We show that t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kovács M,Thirumurugan K,Knight PJ,Sellers JR

更新日期：2007-06-12 00:00:00