Colonization of the Krakatau Islands by vertebrates: equilibrium, succession, and possible delayed extinction.

abstract：:Scaling down the size of computing circuits is about to reach the limitations imposed by the discrete atomic structure of matter. Reducing the power requirements and thereby dissipation of integrated circuits is also essential. New paradigms are needed to sustain the rate of progress that society has become used to. S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mol JA,Verduijn J,Levine RD,Remacle F,Rogge S

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here the reconstitution of a pathway that leads to the apoptotic changes in nuclei by using recombinant DNA fragmentation factor (DFF), a heterodimeric protein of 40 and 45 kDa. Coexpression of DFF40 and DFF45 is required to generate recombinant DFF, which becomes activated when DFF45 is cleaved by caspase-3...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu X,Li P,Widlak P,Zou H,Luo X,Garrard WT,Wang X

更新日期：1998-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The GroE chaperonins assist substrate protein (SP) folding by cycling through several conformational states. With each cycle the SP is, in turn, captured, unfolded, briefly encapsulated (t1/2 ∼ 1 s), and released by the chaperonin complex. The protein-folding functional form is the US-football-shaped GroEL:GroES2 comp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fei X,Ye X,LaRonde NA,Lorimer GH

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathologic extraskeletal bone formation, or heterotopic ossification (HO), occurs following mechanical trauma, burns, orthopedic operations, and in patients with hyperactivating mutations of the type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor ACVR1 (Activin type 1 receptor). Extraskeletal bone forms through an endochondral...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agarwal S,Loder S,Brownley C,Cholok D,Mangiavini L,Li J,Breuler C,Sung HH,Li S,Ranganathan K,Peterson J,Tompkins R,Herndon D,Xiao W,Jumlongras D,Olsen BR,Davis TA,Mishina Y,Schipani E,Levi B

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor metastasis is the cause of most cancer deaths. Although metastases can form in multiple end organs, the liver is recognized as a highly permissive organ. Nevertheless, there is evidence for immune cell-mediated mechanisms that function to suppress liver metastasis by certain tumors, although the underlying mecha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kimura Y,Inoue A,Hangai S,Saijo S,Negishi H,Nishio J,Yamasaki S,Iwakura Y,Yanai H,Taniguchi T

更新日期：2016-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in normal adrenocortical cells of adult rats in culture, with a concomitant increase in corticosterone production and a characteristic retraction of cells. Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and an analog of ACTH, which produces virtually no cyclic AMP, i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramachandran J,Suyama AT

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 originated in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and rapidly spread in more than 100 countries. Researchers in different fields have been working on finding explanations for the unequal impact of the virus and deaths from the associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arpino B,Bordone V,Pasqualini M

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to numerous products, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). That 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal compounds react with sulfhydryl groups of proteins to form thioether adducts possessing a carbonyl function has been established [Schauenstein, E. & Esterbauer, H. (1979) Ciba Found. S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Uchida K,Stadtman ER

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neonatal ablation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat has two important consequences. First, the direct projection from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus fails to develop and no other retinal projection to any hypothalamic nucleus is formed. Second, circadian rhythms in drinking and spontaneous locomotor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mosko S,Moore RY

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the chalcone synthase gene of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), 150 base pairs of the 5' flanking region contain cis-acting signals for UV light-induced expression. A nuclear factor, designated CG-1, specifically recognizes a hexameric motif with internal dyad symmetry, CACGTG, located within this light-responsive se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Staiger D,Kaulen H,Schell J

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate [3H]phencyclidine ([3H]PCP)as a probe for the ionic channel of the nicotinic receptor, the characteristics of its binding to electric organ membranes od Torpedo ocellata and its effects on frog sartorius muscle were studied. Similar to PCP, [3H]PCP depressed the peak amplitude of endplate current, caused n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eldefrawi ME,Eldefrawi AT,Aronstam RS,Maleque MA,Warnick JE,Albuquerque EX

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are default committed toward osteogenesis. Even when induced to chondrogenesis, hMSCs typically form hypertrophic cartilage that undergoes endochondral ossification. Because embryonic mesenchyme is obviously competent to ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Occhetta P,Pigeot S,Rasponi M,Dasen B,Mehrkens A,Ullrich T,Kramer I,Guth-Gundel S,Barbero A,Martin I

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common genetic mutation found in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) is the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, which results in stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) was shown to promote metastasis ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Razorenova OV,Finger EC,Colavitti R,Chernikova SB,Boiko AD,Chan CK,Krieg A,Bedogni B,LaGory E,Weissman IL,Broome-Powell M,Giaccia AJ

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (approximately 21 nt), noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNAs at the posttranscriptional level that are involved in development. In plants, virus-induced disease symptoms often result in developmental abnormalities resembling perturbation of miRNA-mediated function. Here, we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chellappan P,Vanitharani R,Fauquet CM

更新日期：2005-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester facilitates hormonal secretion and transmitter release, and phorbol ester-induced synaptic potentiation (PESP) is a model for presynaptic facilitation. A variety of PKC isoforms are expressed in the central nervous system, but the isoform involved in the PESP has n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saitoh N,Hori T,Takahashi T

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:IFN-gamma is well known as the signature cytokine of CD4+ T helper 1, CD8+, and natural killer cells, but recent studies demonstrate that antigen-presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (DCs), are another potent source for this proinflammatory cytokine. T-bet, a transcription factor that controls IFN-gamma exp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lugo-Villarino G,Maldonado-Lopez R,Possemato R,Penaranda C,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium difficile, a causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and its potentially lethal form, pseudomembranous colitis, produces two large protein toxins that are responsible for the cellular damage associated with the disease. The level of toxin production appears to be critical for determining the seve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mani N,Dupuy B

更新日期：2001-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the earliest and most important stages during tumorigenesis is the activation of the angiogenic process, an event that is termed the "switch to the angiogenic phenotype." We have developed an in vivo system that can reliably recapitulate the stages in tumor development that represent this transition. Using this ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fang J,Shing Y,Wiederschain D,Yan L,Butterfield C,Jackson G,Harper J,Tamvakopoulos G,Moses MA

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 maturation involves conversion of the immature Gag polyprotein lattice, which lines the inner surface of the viral membrane, to the mature capsid protein (CA) lattice, which encloses the viral RNA. Maturation inhibitors such as bevirimat (BVM) bind within six-helix bundles, formed by a segment that spans the jun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gupta S,Louis JM,Tycko R

更新日期：2020-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies have shown that hemophilia B (Christmas disease; factor IX deficiency) results from many different mutations in the factor IX gene, of which greater than 95% are single nucleotide substitutions. This study has identified a previously unreported form of hemophilia B in a patient who was a somatic mosaic for a g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor SA,Deugau KV,Lillicrap DP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The translocation from chromosome 8 to chromosome 21, t(8;21), associated with acute myeloid leukemia results in production of an AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion transcript. The product of the AML1 gene contains an evolutionarily conserved 128-amino acid region referred to as the "Runt domain," which is necessary for binding to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakakura C,Yamaguchi-Iwai Y,Satake M,Bae SC,Takahashi A,Ogawa E,Hagiwara A,Takahashi T,Murakami A,Makino K

更新日期：1994-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequencing of a 360-nucleotide segment of the mitochondrial control region for 63 individuals from an Amerindian tribe, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth of the Pacific Northwest, revealed the existence of 28 lineages defined by 26 variable positions. This represents a substantial level of mitochondrial diversity for a small local p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ward RH,Frazier BL,Dew-Jager K,Pääbo S

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rod and cone opsin genes are expressed in a mutually exclusive manner in their respective photoreceptor subtypes in the mammalian retina. Previous transgenic mouse studies showed that functional interactions between the distal enhancer and proximal promoter of rhodopsin and long/medium-wavelength (L/M) opsin genes are...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peng GH,Chen S

更新日期：2011-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits are critical for motor control and motor learning. Classically, basal ganglia nuclei are thought to regulate motor behavior by increasing or decreasing cortical firing rates, and basal ganglia diseases are assumed to reflect abnormal overall activity levels. More recent studies s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kojima S,Kao MH,Doupe AJ

更新日期：2013-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage T7 encodes an essential inhibitor of the Escherichia coli host RNA polymerase (RNAP), the product of gene 2 (Gp2). We determined a series of X-ray crystal structures of E. coli RNAP holoenzyme with or without Gp2. The results define the structure and location of the RNAP σ(70) subunit domain 1.1(σ(1.1)(7...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bae B,Davis E,Brown D,Campbell EA,Wigneshweraraj S,Darst SA

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated two recombinant cDNAs whose corresponding RNAs have an increased abundance in scrapie-infected hamster brain. DNA sequence analysis has shown that these two recombinants represent the genes for sulfated glycoprotein 2 and transferrin. The abundance of sulfated glycoprotein 2 RNA is increased in hippoc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duguid JR,Bohmont CW,Liu NG,Tourtellotte WW

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This perspective addresses recent advances in lipid transport across the Gram-negative inner and outer membranes. While we include a summary of previously existing literature regarding this topic, we focus on the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) pathway. Discovered in 2009 by the Silhavy group [J. C. Malinverni, T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Powers MJ,Trent MS

更新日期：2019-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is a chemotactic cytokine that binds to the CD4 receptor and affects the activation of T cells and replication of HIV. It is expressed as a large 67-kDa precursor protein (pro-IL-16) in lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells from asthmatics after challeng...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bannert N,Avots A,Baier M,Serfling E,Kurth R

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:cGMP is a second messenger that mediates numerous metabolic events; in the present work a role in myeloid cell differentiation was demonstrated. Nitroprusside and NaNO2, which activate cytosolic guanylate cyclase and increase the intracellular cGMP concentration, induced granulocytic differentiation of the human promy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boss GR

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenal chromaffin granules contain at least 10 peptides, ranging in size from 3 to 5 kilodaltons, that yield, upon digestion with trypsin, peptides that show specific binding to opiate receptors. All are distinctly different from beta-endorphin. Two of these peptides have been purified to homogeneity and subjected to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kimura S,Lewis RV,Stern AS,Rossier J,Stein S,Udenfriend S

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00