Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality.

abstract：:Regulation of ion transport in plants is essential for cell function. Abiotic stress unbalances cell ion homeostasis, and plants tend to readjust it, regulating membrane transporters and channels. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the second messenger Ca(2+) are central in such processes, as they are involved ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diaz M,Sanchez-Barrena MJ,Gonzalez-Rubio JM,Rodriguez L,Fernandez D,Antoni R,Yunta C,Belda-Palazon B,Gonzalez-Guzman M,Peirats-Llobet M,Menendez M,Boskovic J,Marquez JA,Rodriguez PL,Albert A

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage gating of hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels is potentiated by direct binding of cAMP to a cytoplasmic cAMP-sensing domain (CSD). When unliganded, the CSD inhibits hyperpolarization-dependent opening of the HCN channel gate; cAMP binding relieves this autoinhibition so that opening becomes more ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wicks NL,Wong T,Sun J,Madden Z,Young EC

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) is one of the smallest viruses known. Its genome encodes only its coat protein (CP) subunit, relying on the polymerase of its helper virus TNV for replication. The genome has been shown to contain a cryptic set of dispersed assembly signals in the form of stem-loops that each pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel N,Wroblewski E,Leonov G,Phillips SEV,Tuma R,Twarock R,Stockley PG

更新日期：2017-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytokine IFN-γ is a critical regulator of immune system development and function. Almost all leukocytes express the receptor for IFN-γ, yet each cell type elicits a different response to this cytokine. Cell type-specific effects of IFN-γ make it difficult to predict the outcomes of the systemic IFN-γ blockade and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krummel MF,Mahale JN,Uhl LFK,Hardison EA,Mujal AM,Mazet JM,Weber RJ,Gartner ZJ,Gérard A

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Blot hybridization analysis that used labeled tubulin cDNA probes revealed that N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate [dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP)] initially increases and later decreases the level of tubulin mRNA in a neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line as well as in the parent cells. A significan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ginzburg I,Rybak S,Kimhi Y,Littauer UZ

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peripheral axonal branch of primary sensory neurons readily regenerates after peripheral nerve injury, but the central branch, which courses in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, does not. However, if a peripheral nerve is transected before a spinal cord injury, sensory neurons that course in the dorsal column...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neumann S,Skinner K,Basbaum AI

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for 24 tRNAs. The nucleotide sequences of the tRNA genes suggest a unique set of rules that govern the decoding of the mitochondrial genetic code. The four codons of unmixed fmilies are recognized by single tRNAs that always have a U in the wobble position of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonitz SG,Berlani R,Coruzzi G,Li M,Macino G,Nobrega FG,Nobrega MP,Thalenfeld BE,Tzagoloff A

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells present antigen-derived peptides bound to MHC class II (MHC II) molecules for recognition by CD4-positive T lymphocytes. DCs control the intracellular traffic of peptide-MHC II complexes by regulating the ubiquitination of MHC II. In resting or "immature" DCs, ubiquitinated MHC II mol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma JK,Platt MY,Eastham-Anderson J,Shin JS,Mellman I

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein biosynthesis, the translation of the genetic code into polypeptides, occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. Although X-ray structures of bacterial ribosomes are available, high-resolution structures of eukaryotic 80S ribosomes are lacking. Using cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle reco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Armache JP,Jarasch A,Anger AM,Villa E,Becker T,Bhushan S,Jossinet F,Habeck M,Dindar G,Franckenberg S,Marquez V,Mielke T,Thomm M,Berninghausen O,Beatrix B,Söding J,Westhof E,Wilson DN,Beckmann R

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Arc repressor forms a homodimer in which the subunits intertwine to create a single globular domain. To obtain Arc sequences that fold preferentially as heterodimers, variants with surface patches of excess positive or negative charge were designed. Several but not all oppositely charged sequence pairs showed preferen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nohaile MJ,Hendsch ZS,Tidor B,Sauer RT

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 5 is crucial for the assembly of the eukaryotic preinitiation complex. This activity is mediated by the ability of its C-terminal HEAT domain to interact with eIF1, eIF2, and eIF3 in the multifactor complex and with eIF4G in the 48S complex. However, the binding sites for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamamoto Y,Singh CR,Marintchev A,Hall NS,Hannig EM,Wagner G,Asano K

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation and migration of disconnections (line defects constrained to the grain boundary [GB] plane with both dislocation and step character) control many of the kinetic and dynamical properties of GBs and the polycrystalline materials of which they are central constituents. We demonstrate that GBs undergo a fini...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen K,Srolovitz DJ,Han J

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:This study quantifies and maps the water footprint (WF) of humanity at a high spatial resolution. It reports on consumptive use of rainwater (green WF) and ground and surface water (blue WF) and volumes of water polluted (gray WF). Water footprints are estimated per nation from both a production and consumption perspe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoekstra AY,Mekonnen MM

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of primary petite (rho-) clones were isolated after ethidium bromide mutagenesis of various grande (rho+) strains of S. cerevisiae that contained the mitochondrial genetic markers, CR, ER, OIR (or OIIR), and PR. From the frequency of coretention of markers in the petites, we have deduced a probable circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boltin-Fukuhara M,Fukuhara H

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the role of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in metastasis, we generated human-in-mouse breast cancer orthotopic models using patient tumor specimens, labeled with optical reporter fusion genes. These models recapitulate human cancer features not captured with previous models, including spontaneous metastas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu H,Patel MR,Prescher JA,Patsialou A,Qian D,Lin J,Wen S,Chang YF,Bachmann MH,Shimono Y,Dalerba P,Adorno M,Lobo N,Bueno J,Dirbas FM,Goswami S,Somlo G,Condeelis J,Contag CH,Gambhir SS,Clarke MF

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins can bind target molecules through either induced fit or conformational selection pathways. In the conformational selection model, a protein samples a scarcely populated high-energy state that resembles a target-bound conformation. In enzymatic catalysis, such high-energy states have been identified as crucial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kovermann M,Grundström C,Sauer-Eriksson AE,Sauer UH,Wolf-Watz M

更新日期：2017-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Fish in schooling formations navigate complex flow fields replete with mechanical energy in the vortex wakes of their companions. Their schooling behavior has been associated with evolutionary advantages including energy savings, yet the underlying physical mechanisms remain unknown. We show that fish can improve thei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Verma S,Novati G,Koumoutsakos P

更新日期：2018-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The elucidation of the mechanisms of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules has stimulated the search for nonreplicative vectors that could deliver CD8+ T cell epitopes to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells to trigger the activation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saron MF,Fayolle C,Sebo P,Ladant D,Ullmann A,Leclerc C

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 8;21 translocation is one of the most common specific rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia. We have identified markers (D21S65 and a Not I boundary clone, Not-42, referred to as probe B) flanking the chromosome 21 translocation breakpoint (21q22.3) that demonstrate physical linkage in normal genomic DNA, b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao J,Erickson P,Gardiner K,Le Beau MM,Diaz MO,Patterson D,Rowley JD,Drabkin HA

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus, shows many well-defined responses to a number of external stimuli. Genetic analysis shows that at least eight genes are involved in Phycomyces sensory transduction. As a first step toward the molecular analysis of these genes and their products, we have developed a transformation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Revuelta JL,Jayaram M

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits behavioral responses to many volatile odorants. Chemotaxis toward one such odorant, diacetyl (butanedione), requires the function of a seven-transmembrane receptor protein encoded by the odr-10 gene. To determine directly whether ODR-10 protein is an odorant receptor, it is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Chou JH,Bradley J,Bargmann CI,Zinn K

更新日期：1997-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditional mutations such as temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are important for the analysis of protein function but are often difficult, or impossible, to obtain. Here we present a simple method for generating conditional mutations based on the use of a protein-destabilizing genetic element in combination with s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park EC,Finley D,Szostak JW

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of heterozygosity affecting chromosome 17p has been detected at high frequencies in a variety of human tumors, including cancers of the colon, breast, lung, and brain. One presumed target of these losses is p53, a tumor suppressor gene located on 17p. To our knowledge, loss of heterozygosity has not yet been repo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meltzer SJ,Yin J,Huang Y,McDaniel TK,Newkirk C,Iseri O,Vogelstein B,Resau JH

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathway-specific therapy is the future of cancer management. The oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in solid tumors; however, currently, no reliable test for PI3K pathway activation exists for human tumors. Taking advantage of the observation that loss of PTEN, the negative ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saal LH,Johansson P,Holm K,Gruvberger-Saal SK,She QB,Maurer M,Koujak S,Ferrando AA,Malmström P,Memeo L,Isola J,Bendahl PO,Rosen N,Hibshoosh H,Ringnér M,Borg A,Parsons R

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrothermal vents are a well-known source of energy that powers chemosynthesis in the deep sea. Recent work suggests that microbial chemosynthesis is also surprisingly pervasive throughout the dark oceans, serving as a significant CO(2) sink even at sites far removed from vents. Ammonia and sulfur have been identifie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anantharaman K,Breier JA,Sheik CS,Dick GJ

更新日期：2013-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse optical imaging are promising methods that eventually may enhance or replace existing technologies for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. These techniques are based on highly sensitive, quantitative measurements of optical and functional contrast between healt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shah N,Cerussi A,Eker C,Espinoza J,Butler J,Fishkin J,Hornung R,Tromberg B

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Lateral organ distribution at the shoot apical meristem defines specific and robust phyllotaxis patterns that have intrigued biologists and mathematicians for centuries. In silico studies have revealed that this self-organizing process can be recapitulated by modeling the polar transport of the phytohormone auxin. Phy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pinon V,Prasad K,Grigg SP,Sanchez-Perez GF,Scheres B

更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Completely parthenogenetic Trichogramma wasps can be rendered permanently bisexual by treatment with three different antibiotics or high temperatures. The evidence strongly suggests that maternally inherited microorganisms cause parthenogenesis in these wasps. Theories predict female-biased sex ratio in offspring unde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stouthamer R,Luck RF,Hamilton WD

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [GTP;oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase(transphosphorylating); EC 4.1.1.32] is absent in rat liver cytosol during fetal life and is synthesized initially at birth. De novo synthesis of the enzyme can be induced prematurely by injection of dibutyryl cyclic AMP or glucagon into fetal anim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garcia Ruiz JP,Ingram R,Hanson RW

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although most nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent transcriptional activators, certain members of this superfamily, such as thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), are involved in transcriptional repression. The silencing function of these receptors has been localized to the ligand bi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nawaz Z,Tsai MJ,O'Malley BW

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00