Efficient collective swimming by harnessing vortices through deep reinforcement learning.

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies were used to isolate nonneutralizable antigenic variants in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus. It had been found that a large percentage of virus retains infectivity despite binding neutralizing antibody. This high persistent fraction of nonneutralized virus ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Iorio RM,Bratt MA

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA polymerase II lacking a C-terminal domain (CTD) was active in transcription with purified proteins from yeast but failed to support transcription in a yeast extract. CTD dependence could be reconstituted in the purified system by addition of two fractions from the extract. An inhibitory fraction abolished transcri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Y,Kornberg RD

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Solid-state cross-polarization/magic-angle sample-spinning (13)C NMR spectra have been recorded on chlorophyll a-water aggregates, methyl pyrochlorophyllide a, and methyl pyropheophorbide a (derivatives that lack a phytyl chain). Spectra have also been collected under a decoupling regime in which resonances of certain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown CE,Spencer RB,Burger VT,Katz JJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in macaque primary visual cortex are spatially arranged by their global topographic position and in at least three overlapping local modular systems: ocular dominance columns, orientation pinwheels, and cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs. Individual neurons in the blobs are not tuned to orientation, and populations...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Polimeni JR,Granquist-Fraser D,Wood RJ,Schwartz EL

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans readily form social impressions, such as attractiveness and trustworthiness, from a stranger's facial features. Understanding the provenance of these impressions has clear scientific importance and societal implications. Motivated by the efficient coding hypothesis of brain representation, as well as Claude Sha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ryali CK,Goffin S,Winkielman P,Yu AJ

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:When the dog kidney Na+/K+-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37, formerly EC 3.6.1.3) was labeled with an ATP analogue, 5'-(p-fluorosulfonyl)benzoyladenosine (FSBA), there was a concomitant loss of ATPase activity. The presence of ATP protected the enzyme from both labeling and inactivation. The ATP-sensitive incorporatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohta T,Nagano K,Yoshida M

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The apparent detection of an exoplanet orbiting Fomalhaut was announced in 2008. However, subsequent observations of Fomalhaut b raised questions about its status: Unlike other exoplanets, it is bright in the optical and nondetected in the infrared, and its orbit appears to cross the debris ring around the star withou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gáspár A,Rieke GH

更新日期：2020-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A coarse-grained model for protein-folding dynamics is introduced based on a discretized representation of torsional modes. The model, based on the Ramachandran map of the local torsional potential surface and the class (hydrophobic/polar/neutral) of each residue, recognizes patterns of both torsional conformations an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernández A,Kostov K,Berry RS

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Etioplasts isolated from barley leaves and purified on a Sephadex G-50 (coarse) column were characterized by electron microscopy and nucleic acid analysis. The majority of etioplasts retained an intact outer envelope, and contamination by other fragments was extremely low. The level of gibberellin-like substances extr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans A,Smith H

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate hearing and balance are based in complex asymmetries of inner ear structure. Here, we identify retinoic acid (RA) as an extrinsic signal that acts directly on the ear rudiment to affect its compartmentalization along the anterior-posterior axis. A rostrocaudal wave of RA activity, generated by tissues surro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bok J,Raft S,Kong KA,Koo SK,Dräger UC,Wu DK

更新日期：2011-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a strategy to "revive" putatively pathogenic T cells from frozen specimens of human inflammatory target organs. To distinguish pathogenic from irrelevant bystander T cells, we focused on cells that were (i) clonally expanded and (ii) in direct morphological contact with a target cell. Using CDR3 spectratyp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seitz S,Schneider CK,Malotka J,Nong X,Engel AG,Wekerle H,Hohlfeld R,Dornmair K

更新日期：2006-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Photoperiodic control of flowering time is believed to affect latitudinal distribution of plants. The blue light receptor CRY2 regulates photoperiodic flowering in the experimental model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is unclear whether genetic variations affecting cryptochrome activity or expression is broad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Q,Li H,Li R,Hu R,Fan C,Chen F,Wang Z,Liu X,Fu Y,Lin C

更新日期：2008-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A phylogeny of marine Rhodophyta has been inferred by a number of methods from nucleotide sequences of nuclear genes encoding small subunit rRNA from 39 species in 15 orders. Sequence divergences are relatively large, especially among bangiophytes and even among congeners in this group. Subclass Bangiophycidae appears...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ragan MA,Bird CJ,Rice EL,Gutell RR,Murphy CA,Singh RK

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino-terminal 20 amino acids are required for microinjected ribonuclease A (RNase A) to be taken up by lysosomes and degraded at an enhanced rate during serum withdrawal. We used water-soluble carbodiimides to covalently attach the RNase S-peptide (residues 1-20) to [3H]RNase S-protein (residues 21-124) at unspec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Backer JM,Dice JF

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying analgesia related to social touch are not clear. While recent research highlights the role of the empathy of the observer to pain relief in the target, the contribution of social interaction to analgesia is unknown. The current study examines brain-to-brain coupling during pain with interpers...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein P,Weissman-Fogel I,Dumas G,Shamay-Tsoory SG

更新日期：2018-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Small ubiquitin modifier 1 (SUMO1) is shown to regulate K2P1 background channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of live mammalian cells. Confocal microscopy reveals native SUMO1, SAE1, and Ubc9 (the enzymes that activate and conjugate SUMO1) at PM where SUMO1 and expressed human K2P1 are demonstrated to colocalize. Silen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Plant LD,Dementieva IS,Kollewe A,Olikara S,Marks JD,Goldstein SA

更新日期：2010-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid electrical conduction in the His-Purkinje system tightly controls spatiotemporal activation of the ventricles. Although recent work has shed much light on the regulation of early specification and morphogenesis of the His-Purkinje system, less is known about how transcriptional regulation establishes impulse con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang SS,Kim KH,Rosen A,Smyth JW,Sakuma R,Delgado-Olguín P,Davis M,Chi NC,Puviindran V,Gaborit N,Sukonnik T,Wylie JN,Brand-Arzamendi K,Farman GP,Kim J,Rose RA,Marsden PA,Zhu Y,Zhou YQ,Miquerol L,Henkelman RM,Sta

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Although sexual selection theory has proved successful in explaining a wide array of male ornaments, the function of ornaments occurring in females is largely unknown. Traditionally, female ornaments have been considered nonfunctional, being merely a genetically correlated response to selection for male ornamentation....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amundsen T,Forsgren E

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been recognized since ancient times that malaria fever is highly periodic but the mechanism has been poorly understood. Malaria fever is related to the parasite growth cycle in erythrocytes. After a fixed period of replication, a mature parasite (schizont) causes the infected erythrocyte to rupture, releasing p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwiatkowski D,Nowak M

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The photopigment melanopsin supports reflexive visual functions in people, such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment. What contribution melanopsin makes to conscious visual perception is less studied. We devised a stimulus that targeted melanopsin separately from the cones using pulsed (3-s) spectral m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spitschan M,Bock AS,Ryan J,Frazzetta G,Brainard DH,Aguirre GK

更新日期：2017-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:G9a is an epigenetic regulator that methylates H3K9, generally causing repression of gene expression, and participates in diverse cellular functions. G9a is genetically deregulated in a variety of tumor types and can silence tumor suppressor genes and, therefore, is important for carcinogenesis. Although hypoxia is re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Casciello F,Al-Ejeh F,Kelly G,Brennan DJ,Ngiow SF,Young A,Stoll T,Windloch K,Hill MM,Smyth MJ,Gannon F,Lee JS

更新日期：2017-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor monomers and noncovalently associated dimers were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and their respective binding and autophosphorylation activities were determined. We find that monomers are low-affinity receptors and dimers are high-affinity receptors. In the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Böni-Schnetzler M,Pilch PF

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Atg20 and Snx4/Atg24 proteins have been identified in a screen for mutants defective in a type of selective macroautophagy/autophagy. Both proteins are connected to the Atg1 kinase complex, which is involved in autophagy initiation, and bind phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate. Atg20 and Snx4 contain putative BAR dom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Popelka H,Damasio A,Hinshaw JE,Klionsky DJ,Ragusa MJ

更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Associative memory of the mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis, previously correlated with changes of specific K+ currents, protein phosphorylation, and increased synthesis of mRNA and specific proteins, is here shown to be accompanied by macroscopic alteration in the structure of a single identified neuron, the medial ty...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alkon DL,Ikeno H,Dworkin J,McPhie DL,Olds JL,Lederhendler I,Matzel L,Schreurs BG,Kuzirian A,Collin C

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An immature state of cellular differentiation--characterized by stem cell-like tendencies and impaired differentiation--is a hallmark of cancer. Using glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as a model system, we sought to determine whether molecular determinants that drive cells toward terminal differentiation are also genetic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu J,Ho AL,Yuan L,Hu B,Hua S,Hwang SS,Zhang J,Hu T,Zheng H,Gan B,Wu G,Wang YA,Chin L,DePinho RA

更新日期：2013-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify genetic factors that interact with social environments to impact human health, we used a bioinformatic strategy that couples expression array-based detection of environmentally responsive transcription factors with in silico discovery of regulatory polymorphisms to predict genetic loci that modulate transc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cole SW,Arevalo JM,Takahashi R,Sloan EK,Lutgendorf SK,Sood AK,Sheridan JF,Seeman TE

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Topical application of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) elicits intense local inflammation that facilitates outgrowth of premalignant lesions in skin after carcinogen exposure. The inflammatory response to PMA treatment activates immune stimulatory mechanisms. However, we show here that PMA exposure also induces plasma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Muller AJ,Sharma MD,Chandler PR,Duhadaway JB,Everhart ME,Johnson BA 3rd,Kahler DJ,Pihkala J,Soler AP,Munn DH,Prendergast GC,Mellor AL

更新日期：2008-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Several groups have attempted to develop gene therapy strategies to treat cancer via introduction of the wild-type (wt) p53 cDNA into cancer cells. Unfortunately, these approaches do not result in regulated expression of the p53 gene and do not reduce expression of the mutant p53 that is overexpressed in cancerous cel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watanabe T,Sullenger BA

更新日期：2000-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The high-pressure behavior of amorphous selenium has been investigated with time-resolved diamond anvil cell synchrotron x-ray diffraction and computed microtomography techniques. A two-step dynamic crystallization process is observed in which the monoclinic phase crystallized from the amorphous selenium and gradually...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu H,Wang L,Xiao X,De Carlo F,Feng J,Mao HK,Hemley RJ

更新日期：2008-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) at high field (3T) to track the time course of activation in the entire basal ganglia circuitry, as well as other motor-related structures, during the explicit learning of a sequence of finger movements over a month of training. Fourteen right-handed healthy volunteers had ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lehéricy S,Benali H,Van de Moortele PF,Pélégrini-Issac M,Waechter T,Ugurbil K,Doyon J

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00