Abstract:
:Monoclonal antibodies were used to isolate nonneutralizable antigenic variants in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus. It had been found that a large percentage of virus retains infectivity despite binding neutralizing antibody. This high persistent fraction of nonneutralized virus precluded the isolation of variants by the standard treatment with antibody alone. Rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin was used to reduce the percentage of virus that remains infectious despite the presence of bound antibody. This procedure made possible the isolation of variants of two distinct types: classical variants, not neutralized because they do not bind the antibody used to select them; and unique variants that, although still capable of binding the selecting antibody, are only slightly neutralized. The general applicability of this method for the isolation of antigenic variants in nonneutralizing epitopes is also discussed.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Iorio RM,Bratt MAdoi
10.1073/pnas.82.20.7106subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-10-01 00:00:00pages
7106-10issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A mutant subline of V79 Chinese hamster cells resistant to antimycin A (ANT) was obtained by treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate followed by serial selection in ANT-containing medium. Clonal derivatives of the resistant line are less susceptible than parent cells to growth inhibition by ANT in mass populations and s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.11.5604
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation analysis, we have examined the lung tumor-forming ability of a series of parallel clones derived from the KHT tumor, grown to small defined sizes. From these studies, we conclude that metastatic variants arise spontaneously in the clonal lines during their growth, at an apparent ra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.18.5547
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1) has been central to the long-standing controversy on the origin and evolutionary significance of spliceosomal introns by virtue of its pivotal support for the introns-early view, or exon theory of genes. Putative correlations between ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8507
更新日期:1995-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient degradation of plant cell walls by selected anaerobic bacteria is performed by large extracellular multienzyme complexes termed cellulosomes. The spatial arrangement within the cellulosome is organized by a protein called scaffoldin, which recruits the cellulolytic subunits through interactions between cohes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1809283115
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::We compared whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in six unrelated individuals. In the regions targeted by WES capture (81.5% of the consensus coding genome), the mean numbers of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (indels) detected per sample were 84,192 and 13,32...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1418631112
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of Escherichia coli sensitive to phage T4 gene 2 mutants were obtained following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. By mapping and complementation analysis, the mutations in each of the six mutants are in recB and recC. By both in vivo and in vitro analyses, the nuclease activity of RecBC enzyme is undetectab...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.24.7850
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural environments are filled with multiple, often competing, signals. In contrast, biological systems are often studied in "well-controlled" environments where only a single input is varied, potentially missing important interactions between signals. Catabolite repression of galactose by glucose is one of the best-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1418058112
更新日期:2015-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Plants in dense vegetation compete for resources, including light, and optimize their growth based on neighbor detection cues. The best studied of such behaviors is the shade-avoidance syndrome that positions leaves in optimally lit zones of a vegetation. Although proximate vegetation is known to be sensed through a r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205437109
更新日期:2012-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, bisindole alkaloids derived from the dimerization of the terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine. Full elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds is a prerequisite for met...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1009003107
更新日期:2010-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Diverse motivations for preserving nature both inspire and hinder its conservation. Optimal conservation strategies may differ radically depending on the objective. For example, creating nature reserves may prevent extinctions through protecting severely threatened species, whereas incentivizing farmland hedgerows may...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504788112
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::PdxB (erythronate 4-phosphate dehydrogenase) is expected to be required for synthesis of the essential cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in Escherichia coli Surprisingly, incubation of the ∆pdxB strain in medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source for 10 d resulted in visible turbidity, suggesting that PLP ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1915569116
更新日期:2019-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Soot particles produced by incomplete combustion processes are one of the major components of urban air pollution. Chemistry at their surfaces lead to the heterogeneous conversion of several key trace gases; for example NO(2) interacts with soot and is converted into HONO, which rapidly photodissociates to form OH in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908341107
更新日期:2010-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Widespread belief in misinformation circulating online is a critical challenge for modern societies. While research to date has focused on psychological and political antecedents to this phenomenon, few studies have explored the role of digital media literacy shortfalls. Using data from preregistered survey experiment...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1920498117
更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic activity of low-dimensional electrocatalysts is highly dependent on their local atomic structures, particularly those less-coordinated sites found at edges and corners; therefore, a direct probe of the electrocatalytic current at specified local sites with true nanoscopic resolution has become critically...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1821091116
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic RNA from the human prototype strain H of the hepatitis C virus (HCV-H) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. The HCV-H sequence reported consists of 9416 nucleotides including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. HCV-H shows 96% amino acid identity with the American isolate HCV-1 but only 84.9% with the Ja...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.10292
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Visual receptive fields (RFs) were mapped inside and outside the cortical representation of the optic disk in the striate cortex (area V1) of anesthetized and paralyzed Cebus monkeys. Unexpectedly, most cells were found to be binocularly driven, and the RFs mapped with contralateral-eye stimulation progressed in a top...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8547
更新日期:1992-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Specific viral transformation rather than cell selection can explain the previously observed increase in the proportion of type III procollagen compared to type I procollagen in BALB 3T3 cells transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV). Two subclones of BALB 3T3 A31 were productively infected with with a tem...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.10.6028
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of the anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT5, and OKT8 on T-cell surface properties and cell functions were evaluated. Incubation of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood for 48 hr with each monoclonal antibody in the absence of complement resulted in modulation of their respective surface an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3330
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Euplotes raikovi of the wild-type strain 13 was found to be heterozygous (mat-1/mat-2) for the genetic locus mat, which is supposed to control the mating-type specificity of freely released mating pheromones ("euplomones"), and capable of yielding the two types of corresponding homozygotes (mat-1/mat-1, mat-2/mat-2). ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.9.2889
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice display an increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation compared with the parental, C.B-17, strain due to a deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair. The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKCS) has previously been identified as a strong candidate for ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13825
更新日期:1996-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::FUS3 is functionally redundant with KSS1, a homologous yeast protein kinase, for a step(s) in signal transduction between the beta subunit of the guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), STE4, and the mating type-specific transcriptional activator, STE12. Either FUS3 or KSS1 can execute this function; when neit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9392
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have screened about 1.4 million colonies of Escherichia coli K-12 for their ability to grow on nutrient agar at 30 degrees and 41 degrees. Among the 2266 temperature-sensitive mutants found, 110 were defective in DNA synthesis but not in protein synthesis at 41 degrees. Three of these dna mutations mapped at two pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.8.3485
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A specific fraction of chromosomal DNA from both yeast and a wide variety of other eukaryotes, but not from Escherichia coli, promotes high-frequency transformation in yeast. The plasmids containing these sequences are maintained as extra-chromosomal molecules in transformed cells. These results suggest that similar o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.5.3128
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is no theoretical limit in using molecular networks to harvest diffusive sun photons on large areas and funnel them onto much smaller areas of highly efficient but also precious energy-converting materials. The most effective concept reported so far is based on a pool of randomly oriented, light-harvesting donor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2019198117
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic selections that use proteinaceous transdominant inhibitors encoded by DNA libraries to cause mutant phenocopies may facilitate genetic analysis in traditionally nongenetic organisms. We performed a selection for random short peptides and larger protein fragments (collectively termed "perturbagens") that inhibi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7508
更新日期:1998-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::VEGF and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are two major angiogenic factors being investigated for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Targeting VEGF and Ang1 expression in the ischemic myocardium can increase their local therapeutic effects and reduce possible adverse effects. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) expre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1018925108
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the biologically active mouse mdr1 cDNA clone indicates that the protein is formed by two highly homologous halves, each containing six putative transmembrane domains and a nucleotide-binding site. The duplicated unit shows high sequence homology to the pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.17.6488
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various biological processes exhibit characteristics that vary dramatically in response to different input conditions or changes in the history of the process itself. One of the examples studied here, the Ras-PKC-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) bistable pathway, follows two distinct dynamics (modes) depending ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500554102
更新日期:2005-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of two variant cDNAs [rat brain thyroid hormone receptor (rTR alpha) vI and vII], isolated from a rat brain cDNA library by using the Pst I fragment of v-erbA, showed virtual identity with the rat brain thyroid hormone receptor (rTR alpha) [Thompson, C. C., Weinberger,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.16.5804
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The energetics of the TiO(2) polymorphs (rutile, anatase, and brookite) were studied by high temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry. Relative to bulk rutile, bulk brookite is 0.71 +/- 0.38 kJ/mol (6) and bulk anatase is 2.61 +/- 0.41 kJ/mol higher in enthalpy. The surface enthalpies of rutile, brookite, and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.251534898
更新日期:2002-04-30 00:00:00