Abstract:
:Chronic inflammation results in increased nitrogen monoxide (.NO) formation and the accumulation of nitrite (NO(2-)). Neutrophils stimulated by various inflammatory mediators release myeloperoxidase to produce the cytotoxic agent hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Exposure of chondrocytic SW1353 cells to HOCl resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent loss in viability, ATP, and glutathione levels. Treatment of cells with NO(2-) but not nitrate (NO(3-)) substantially decreased HOCl-dependent cellular toxicity even when NO(2-) was added at low (microM) concentrations. In contrast, NO(2-) alone (even at 1 mM concentrations) did not affect cell viability or ATP and glutathione levels. These data suggest that NO(2-) accumulation at chronic inflammatory sites, where both HOCl and.NO are overproduced, may be cytoprotective against damage caused by HOCl. We propose that this is because HOCl is removed by reacting with NO(2-) to give nitryl chloride (NO2Cl), which is less damaging in our cell system.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Whiteman M,Hooper DC,Scott GS,Koprowski H,Halliwell Bdoi
10.1073/pnas.152462399keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-17 00:00:00pages
12061-6issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
152462399journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Tyrosine kinases of the Janus kinase family initiate cellular responses through their association with receptors for alpha-helical cytokines. In addition to a tyrosine kinase domain, these enzymes possess a kinase-like (KL) domain, whose function remains elusive. To investigate the role of the KL domain of Tyk2 in int...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.160130297
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex social behavior in Microtus voles and other mammals has been postulated to be under the direct genetic control of a single locus: the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (avpr1a) gene. Using a phylogenetic approach, we show that a repetitive element in the promoter region of avpr1a, which reportedly causes social...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602380103
更新日期:2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers (RCs) of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus were purified and characterized. The PSI RC was obtained in two forms, monomeric and trimeric. The two forms contained the same number of pigments per P700 and displayed similar photochemical activities. The two forms...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5312
更新日期:1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of hemoglobin synthesis by dimethylsulfoxide in cells infected with Friend leukemia virus has been shown to depend on the number of cell divisions after the addition of the inducing agent. In asynchronous cultures the cells have a generation time of 24 hr, and hemoglobin synthesis occurs after 48 hr in t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.11.4551
更新日期:1974-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the basis for the template specificities of the bacteriophage T3 and T7 RNA polymerases (EC 2.7.7.6), we determined the nucleotide sequences of six promoters recognized by the T3 RNA polymerase and compared them with the previously determined promoter sequences recognized by the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymer...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.10.2814
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic electron flow is increasingly recognized as being essential in plant growth, generating a pH gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) that contributes to ATP synthesis and triggers the protective process of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) under stress conditions. Here, we report experiments demonstrating the i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1110189108
更新日期:2011-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::In movies or on TV, a wheel can seem to rotate backwards, due to the temporal subsampling inherent in the recording process (the wagon wheel illusion). Surprisingly, this effect has also been reported under continuous light, suggesting that our visual system, too, might sample motion in discrete "snapshots." Recently,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409172102
更新日期:2005-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Specific m6A writer, eraser, and reader proteins have been identified. As an m6A eraser, ALKBH5 specifically removes m6A from target mRNAs and inactivation of Alkbh5 leads to male infertility in mice. However, the underlying mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1717794115
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In five experiments, participants (n = 701) were shown two silhouett...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1321664111
更新日期:2014-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::We provide evidence that normal human presenilins can substitute for Caenorhabditis elegans SEL-12 protein in functional assays in vivo. In addition, six familial Alzheimer disease-linked mutant human presenilins were tested and found to have reduced ability to rescue the sel-12 mutant phenotype, suggesting that they ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14940
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Type II platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH (II)] is an N-myristoylated enzyme that contains a lipase/esterase catalytic motif and selectively hydrolyzes the sn-2 acetyl ester of PAF and other short-chain acyl groups attached to phosphoglycerides. However, the physiological role of this enzyme remains t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0405507101
更新日期:2004-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The visual system of the macaque monkey has provided a useful model for understanding the neural basis of human vision, yet, there are few detailed comparisons of neural populations other than photoreceptors for the two species. Using intracellular staining in an in vitro preparation of the isolated and intact human r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.20.9666
更新日期:1992-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for variational calculation of the energy and the spin densities derived from a single-determinant wavefunction. Sum and difference coordinates [unk]R = (1/2)([unk]r(1) + [unk]r(1)) and [unk]r = [unk]r(1) - [unk]r(1) are introduced, and the density matrix P([unk]r(1),[unk]r(1)) is expanded in par...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.11.6293
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prions are infectious agents which cause rapidly lethal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals following long, clinically silent incubation periods. They are composed of multichain assemblies of misfolded cellular prion protein. While it has long been assumed that prions are themselves neurotoxic, recent dev...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2007406117
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::A protein methylation reaction involved in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli has been identified. The involvement of this reaction in chemotaxis in indicated by four lines of evidence. (a) The methylation reaction is altered in several classes of generally nonchemotactic mutants and is coreverted with the chemotaxis defe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.10.3939
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In feeding, aphids inject saliva into plant tissues, gaining access to phloem sap and eliciting (and sometimes overcoming) plant responses. We are examining the involvement, in this aphid-plant interaction, of individual aphid proteins and enzymes, as identified in a salivary gland cDNA library. Here, we focus on a sa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708958105
更新日期:2008-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Bt toxins derived from the arthropod bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used for insect control as insecticides or in transgenic crops. Bt resistance has been found in field populations of several lepidopteran pests and in laboratory strains selected with Bt toxin. Widespread planting of crops expres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1120698109
更新日期:2012-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Direct cell-cell communication is crucial for many processes in biology, particularly embryogenesis, interactions between hematopoetic cells, and in the nervous system. This communication is often mediated by the binding of receptors to cognate ligands at a cell-cell junction. One such interaction that is very importa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0510991103
更新日期:2006-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about stem cell biology or the specialized environments or niches believed to control stem cell renewal and differentiation in self-renewing tissues of the body. Functional assays for stem cells are available only for hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis, and the microenvironment, or niche, for hematopoie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.111158198
更新日期:2001-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The myocardin family proteins (myocardin, MRTF-A, and MRTF-B) are serum response factor (SRF) cofactors and potent transcription activators. Gene-ablation studies have indicated important developmental functions for myocardin family proteins primarily in regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle development. Using Xenop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703918105
更新日期:2008-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::In the majority of human tumors, expression of the c-MYC oncogene becomes constitutive. Here, we report that c-MYC directly regulates the expression of AP4 via CACGTG motifs in the first intron of the AP4 gene. Induction of AP4 was required for c-MYC-mediated cell cycle reentry of anti-estrogen arrested breast cancer ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801773105
更新日期:2008-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Energy-storing artificial-photosynthetic systems for CO2 reduction must derive the reducing equivalents from a renewable source rather than from sacrificial donors. To this end, a homogeneous, integrated chromophore/two-catalyst system is described that is thermodynamically capable of photochemically driving the energ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1321375111
更新日期:2014-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteriophage T4-encoded RegB endoribonuclease is produced during the early stage of phage development and targets mostly (but not exclusively) the Shine-Dalgarno sequences of early genes. In this work, we show that the degradation of RegB-cleaved mRNAs depends on a functional T4 polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1119802109
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different experimental structures of the same protein or of proteins with high sequence similarity contain many small variations. Here we construct ensembles of "high-sequence similarity Protein Data Bank" (HSP) structures and consider the extent to which such ensembles represent the structural heterogeneity of the na...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0511156103
更新日期:2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) initiates intracellular triglyceride (TG) catabolism. In humans, ATGL deficiency causes neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) characterized by a systemic TG accumulation. Mice with a genetic deletion of ATGL (AKO) also accumulate TG in many tissues. However, neither NLS...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1516004112
更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The maintenance of robust blood flow to the brain is crucial to the health of brain tissue. We examined the pial network of the middle cerebral artery, which distributes blood from the cerebral arteries to the penetrating arterioles that source neocortical microvasculature, to characterize how vascular topology may su...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1007239107
更新日期:2010-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying targets is critical for understanding the biological effects of microRNA (miRNA) expression. The challenge lies in characterizing the cohort of targets for a specific miRNA, especially when targets are being actively down-regulated in miRNA- RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-messengerRNA (mRNA) complexe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1218887109
更新日期:2012-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple cues, across multiple sensory modalities, are involved in mate choice in a wide range of animal taxa. This multiplicity leads to the prediction that, in adaptive radiations, sexual isolation results from divergence in multiple dimensions. However, difficulties in directly measuring preferences and detecting m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1003537107
更新日期:2010-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription of T7 DNA by T7 RNA polymerase in vitro gives rise to six major size classes of RNAs comprising seven major T7 RNA species. These RNAs are all read from the r-strand of T7 DNA and are not derived from the early (leftmost on the conventional genetic map) region of the molecule. When artifically shortened ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.3.760
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hoxb13 is robustly transcribed in derivatives of posterior endoderm including the colon, rectum, and the prostate gland. Transcriptional activity in the prostate persists unabated under conditions of androgen deprivation and throughout the course of disease progression in a mouse prostate cancer model. To elucidate th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902001107
更新日期:2010-01-05 00:00:00