Abstract:
:We provide a framework for structural multiscale geometric organization of graphs and subsets of R(n). We use diffusion semigroups to generate multiscale geometries in order to organize and represent complex structures. We show that appropriately selected eigenfunctions or scaling functions of Markov matrices, which describe local transitions, lead to macroscopic descriptions at different scales. The process of iterating or diffusing the Markov matrix is seen as a generalization of some aspects of the Newtonian paradigm, in which local infinitesimal transitions of a system lead to global macroscopic descriptions by integration. We provide a unified view of ideas from data analysis, machine learning, and numerical analysis.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Coifman RR,Lafon S,Lee AB,Maggioni M,Nadler B,Warner F,Zucker SWdoi
10.1073/pnas.0500334102keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-24 00:00:00pages
7426-31issue
21eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0500334102journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In a medium without Na+, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) binds at 0 degrees to freshly prepared crude synaptic membranes from rat cerebral cortex with an apparent dissociation constant of 218 nM. An endogenous inhibitor of the Na+-independent GABA binding was removed from these membranes by freezing and thawing and by ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.4024
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal variations in the properties of rabbit-liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase have now been linked to corresponding changes in the levels of proteolytic activity in the liver extracts. Incubation of native fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase with purified liver lysosomes causes a 3-fold increase in catalytic activity at p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.2.303
更新日期:1973-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are large amounts of histone mRNA present in mouse eggs. These RNAs are rapidly degraded, as are other mRNAs, after fertilization and prior to the second cleavage. During cleavage, the histone mRNA accumulates as the embryo divides. The same sets of histone genes are expressed in eggs and embryos, although there...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.17.5685
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Charybdotoxin (ChTX), a K+ channel blocker, depolarizes human peripheral T lymphocytes and renders them insensitive to activation by mitogen. We observed four types of K+ channels in human T cells: one voltage-activated, and three Ca(2+)-activated. To discern the mechanism by which ChTX depolarizes T cells, we examine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10094
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that requires preexisiting epithelial injury to cause acute infections. We report that P. aeruginosa inhibits mammalian cytokinesis in a type III secretion system and exotoxin T (ExoT)-dependent manner. ExoT is a bifunctional type III secretion system effector protei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605949103
更新日期:2006-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12] mRNA levels are induced by physiologic concentrations of insulin in cultured 3T3-F442A adipocyte and H35 hepatoma cell lines. To examine the mechanism by which insulin regulates GAPDH mRNA ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5092
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the approach to faulting in continental rocks is critical for identifying processes leading to fracturing in geomaterials and the preparation process of large earthquakes. In situ dynamic X-ray imaging and digital volume correlation analysis of a crystalline rock core, under a constant confining pressure...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1902994116
更新日期:2019-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Human populations have undergone dramatic expansions in size, but other than the growth associated with agriculture, the dates and magnitudes of those expansions have never been resolved. Here, we introduce two new statistical tests for population expansion, which use variation at a number of unlinked genetic markers ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8119
更新日期:1998-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::We have devised a class of isothermal reactions for amplifying DNA. These homogeneous reactions rapidly synthesize short oligonucleotides (8-16 bases) specified by the sequence of an amplification template. Versions of the reactions can proceed in either a linear or an exponential amplification mode. Both of these rea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0730811100
更新日期:2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a simi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.7.3019
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mutant factor IX, designated factor IXCambridge, was isolated from a patient with hemophilia B. This protein includes an 18-residue propeptide attached to the NH2 terminus of factor IX. A point mutation at residue -1, from an arginine to a serine, precludes cleavage of the propeptide by a processing protease and int...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.16.5803
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene delivery to skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle disorders and for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. However, present DNA delivery technologies have to be improved with regard to both the level of expression and interindividual variability. We report very efficient pla...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.8.4262
更新日期:1999-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::A transcript generated by the distal part of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) gene was initially detected in cells where the full size 14-kilobase (kb) messenger RNA is not found at a significant level. This transcript, approximately 4.5 kb long, corresponds to the cysteine-rich and carboxyl-terminal domains of d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7506
更新日期:1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::A family of nanoscale-sized supramolecular cage compounds with a polyhedral framework is prepared by self-assembly from tritopic building blocks and rectangular corner units via noncovalent coordination interactions. These highly symmetrical cage compounds are described as face-directed, self-assembled truncated tetra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.030264697
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Let t --> gamma(t) be a homogeneous curve in R(n). For suitable f, define [unk](f)(x) = sup(h > 0)|(1/h) [unk](0) (h)f(x - gamma(t)) dt|. Then parallel[unk](f) parallel(p) = A(p) parallelf parallel(p), 1 < p = infinity. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2176
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated yeast mitochondria, which synthesize identifiable polypeptides identical to those made in vivo, have been used in an invitro system to study cytoplasmic control of mitochondrial protein synthesis. It has been found that protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria is dependent on an endogenous pool of cytoplasm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3947
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In animals, fatty acid desaturases catalyze key reactions in the synthesis of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. A search of the Caenorhabditis elegans DNA databases, using the sequences of Arabidopsis genes, identified several putative desaturases. Here we describe the characterization of the fir...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142
更新日期:1997-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of gametic isolation has its origins in the 1937 edition of T. Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species. Involving either positive assortative fertilization (as opposed to self-incompatibility) or negative assortative fertilization, it occurs after mating but prior to fertilization. Gametic isolatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.7756
更新日期:1997-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Phage phi 29 terminal protein, p3, essentially pure, was isolated in a denatured form from viral particles, and anti-p3 antiserum was obtained. A radioimmunoassay to detect and quantitate protein p3 was developed. By using this assay, native protein p3 was highly purified from Escherichia coli cells harboring a gene 3...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.6.1639
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA extracted from Dane particles has been characterized by gel electrophoresis and restriction enzyme cleavage with endonuclease R-HaeIII (from Hemophilus aegyptius). Dane particle DNA is proposed to be a double-stranded circular DNA approximately 3600 nucleotides in length containing a single-stranded gap of 600-210...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.11.4597
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Societies are complex systems, which tend to polarize into subgroups of individuals with dramatically opposite perspectives. This phenomenon is reflected-and often amplified-in online social networks, where, however, humans are no longer the only players and coexist alongside with social bots-that is, software-control...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1803470115
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::RsbR is a regulator of sigma(B), the RNA polymerase sigma factor subunit responsible for transcribing the general stress response genes when environmental stress is imposed on Bacillus subtilis. The C-terminal domain of RsbR and its paralogues is a substrate for the kinase function of another sigma(B) regulator, RsbT,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506599102
更新日期:2005-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::The polymerization of individual RecA-DNA filaments, containing either single-stranded or double-stranded DNA, was followed in real time, and their mechanical properties were characterized with force-measuring laser tweezers. It was found that the stretch modulus of a filament is dominated by its (central) DNA compone...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10109
更新日期:1999-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids plays a key role in cellular regulation via the generation of intracellular second messengers. In addition, it represents a mechanism to regulate interactions of the lipid bilayer with proteins and protein scaffolds involved in vesicle budding, cytoskeletal organization, and s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0230488100
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-1-Antitrypsin is a serum protein that inhibits many proteolytic enzymes. Recently, it was suggested that the alpha-1-antitrypsin-trypsin complex is an acyl ester analogous to the acyl intermediate that forms between trypsin and its substrates. In previous work we showed that the alpha-1-antitrypsin-trypsin compl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.10.4311
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both stem cells and mast cells express c-kit and proliferate after exposure to c-kit ligand. Mutations in c-kit may enhance or interfere with the ability of c-kit receptor to initiate the intracellular pathways resulting in cell proliferation. These observations suggested to us that mastocytosis might in some patients...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.23.10560
更新日期:1995-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::In budding yeast, two transcription factors, Swi4 and Swi6, control the expression of important cell cycle regulatory proteins (the G1 cyclins, Cln1 and Cln2, and the cyclin-like Hcs26) as well as the HO gene, whose product initiates mating-type switching. Both Swi4 and Swi6 are components of a protein complex that fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.24.11852
更新日期:1992-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The use of proteasome inhibitors to target cancer's dependence on altered protein homeostasis has been greatly limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, we find that those with suppressed expression of one or more 19S proteasome subunits show intrinsic prot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619067114
更新日期:2017-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent article, Hunter uses the late George Varley and George Gradwell's long-term data on the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) and green tortrix (Tortrix viridana) populations to propose a method of quantifying the relative importance of top-down effects (because of natural enemies) and bottom-up effects (becau...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10661
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the human embryonic stem (hES) cell line H9, when cultured in the form of embryoid bodies, give rise to cells with markers of the keratinocyte of stratified squamous epithelia. Keratinocytes also form in nodules produced in scid mice by injected H9 cells; the hES-derived keratinocytes could be recovered in cu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0510953103
更新日期:2006-02-07 00:00:00