Abstract:
:We have investigated the interaction of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) with cultured primary granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, a suspected natural site of viral latency, and have established conditions for latent infection and reactivation in this cell population. Progenitor cells from human fetal liver or bone marrow maintained a CD14+, CD15+, CD33+ cell surface phenotype during propagation in suspension culture. Exposure to human CMV did not reduce growth or alter the phenotype of these cells during a 4-week culture period. Viral replication was not detectable in these cells, although viral DNA, as measured by PCR analysis, persisted in a high proportion of cultured cells in the absence of delayed early (beta) gene expression. Viral gene expression was restricted such that only ie1 region transcripts were detected by PCR analysis of cDNA, and these transcripts were estimated to be present in no less than 2-5% of latently infected cells. Most of these transcripts remained unspliced, a result that strikingly contrasts with the splicing pattern normally seen during viral replication in permissive cells. Latent virus reactivated after prolonged, 16- to 21-day cocultivation of infected granulocyte-macrophage progenitors with permissive cells, results that support a role for the myelomonocytic cell population as a biological reservoir of latent human CMV and suggest that these cells may be the source of CMV DNA PCR-positive monocytes found in the peripheral blood of healthy carriers.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kondo K,Kaneshima H,Mocarski ESdoi
10.1073/pnas.91.25.11879subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-12-06 00:00:00pages
11879-83issue
25eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To process plant-based renewable biofuels, pretreatment of plant feedstock with ionic liquids has significant advantages over current methods for deconstruction of lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, ionic liquids are often toxic to the microorganisms used subsequently for biomass saccharification and fermentation. W...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1112750109
更新日期:2012-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Cavitation, known as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquids are under tension, is of great interest both in condensed matter science as well as in diverse applications such as botany, hydraulic engineering, and medicine. Although widely studied in bulk and microscale-confined liquids, cavitation in the nanoscale ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1014075109
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection induces transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in both transiently and permanently transfected cells containing the HIV-LTR/CAT hybrid gene. To define the mechanism by wh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.21.7408
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, has become an attractive new model organism for comparative genomics and evolutionary developmental biology. Over the last few years, many genes have been isolated and their expression patterns studied to gain insight into their function. More recently, functional tools have be...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909148107
更新日期:2010-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian class A macrophage-specific scavenger receptors (SR-A) exhibit unusually broad binding specificity for a wide variety of polyanionic ligands. The properties of these receptors suggest that they may be involved in atherosclerosis and host defense. We have previously observed a similar receptor activity in Dro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.9.4056
更新日期:1995-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The synthetic, biologically active, [Phe4Val6] analog of natural antamanide has been crystallized from a solution containing calcium nitrate, acetone, and acetonitrile. The crystal does not contain any Ca2+ ions but does contain 12 water molecules per peptide molecule. The conformation of this dodecahydrate is identic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.7.2602
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study has been to determine which Na,K-ATPase isoforms are expressed in red blood cells and whether kinetic differences in the uncoupled sodium efflux mode between the human red blood cell Na,K-ATPase and other preparations can be explained by differences in the underlying subunit composition. To...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5943
更新日期:1997-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::The carbohydrate binding specificity of leukoagglutinin (La; Phaseolus vulgaris isolectin L4) was studied by using quantitative precipitation and precipitation-inhibition. A series of purified glycopeptides and synthetic oligosaccharides were used as inhibitors. The minimal structural unit required for La binding was ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.5.1611
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soot particles produced by incomplete combustion processes are one of the major components of urban air pollution. Chemistry at their surfaces lead to the heterogeneous conversion of several key trace gases; for example NO(2) interacts with soot and is converted into HONO, which rapidly photodissociates to form OH in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908341107
更新日期:2010-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::A system is described for assembling infectious bacteriophage phi 6 nucleocapsids in vitro. Procapsids encoded by cDNA copies of genomic segment L in Escherichia coli were used to package and replicate viral RNA segments. The resulting filled particles were shown to be capable of infecting host cell spheroplasts after...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9173
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operon model was proposed by Jacob and Monod in 1961 to explain the regulation of enzyme synthesis in bacteria. The model requires two genetic elements: a locus i which directs the synthesis of a repressor, and a locus called the operon which contains an operator gene and associated structural genes. The repressor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.2.550
更新日期:1969-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapidly expanding network of roads into the Amazon is permanently altering the world's largest tropical forest. Most proposed road projects lack rigorous impact assessments or even basic economic justification. This study analyzes the expected environmental, social and economic impacts of 75 road projects, totalin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1910853117
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of metabolic/energetic genes, programming cellular responses to nutrient and environmental adaptations such as fasting, cold, or exercise. Unlike other coactivators, PGC-1α contai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2000643117
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Patients treated with current chemotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have a survival rate of approximately 15% after 5 years. Novel approaches are needed to treat this disease. We show elevated NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702176104
更新日期:2007-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::We present a method for predicting protein folding class based on global protein chain description and a voting process. Selection of the best descriptors was achieved by a computer-simulated neural network trained on a data base consisting of 83 folding classes. Protein-chain descriptors include overall composition, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.19.8700
更新日期:1995-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has uncovered the existence of an Escherichia coli locus, groE, that is essential for bacterial growth, lambda phage and T4 phage head morphogenesis, and T5 phage tail assembly. Our genetic and biochemical analyses of lambda groE+ transducing phages and their deletion and point mutant derivatives show th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.3.1629
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::DEAD-box RNA helicase proteins use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the unwinding of duplex RNA. However, the mechanism that couples ATP utilization to duplex RNA unwinding is unknown. We measured ATP utilization and duplex RNA unwinding by DbpA, a non-processive bacterial DEAD-box RNA helicase specifically activ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913081107
更新日期:2010-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Two approaches have been explored for the synthesis of double-stranded DNA from single-stranded DNA template complementary to rabbit 9S globin mRNA (cDNA). (i) cDNA was elongated with dCMP or dTMP homopolymeric tracts using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.31; nucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyle...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.10.3418
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of the diverse fisheries of the world has had mixed success. While managing single species in data-rich environments has been largely effective, perhaps the greatest challenge facing fishery managers is how to deal with mixed stocks of fish with a range of life histories that reside in the same location. Be...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705169114
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Sex differences influence brain morphology and physiology during both development and aging. Here we apply a machine learning algorithm to a multiparametric brain PET imaging dataset acquired in a cohort of 20- to 82-year-old, cognitively normal adults (n = 205) to define their metabolic brain age. We find that throug...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1815917116
更新日期:2019-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Two cDNAs encoding two human receptors for retinoic acid (RA), RAR-alpha and RAR-beta, have been characterized recently. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequences unique to RAR-alpha and RAR-beta were used to generate anti-RAR-alpha antiserum (SP171) and anti-RAR-beta antisera (SP172 an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3089
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most macroscale robotic systems, propulsion and controls are enabled through a physical tether or complex onboard electronics and batteries. A tether simplifies the design process but limits the range of motion of the robot, while onboard controls and power supplies are heavy and complicate the design process. Here...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1800386115
更新日期:2018-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Of all the myosin filaments in muscle, the most important in terms of human health, and so far the least studied, are those in the human heart. Here we report a 3D single-particle analysis of electron micrograph images of negatively stained myosin filaments isolated from human cardiac muscle in the normal (undiseased)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1212708110
更新日期:2013-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Many "workers" in north temperate colonies of the eusocial paper wasp Polistes fuscatus disappear within a few days of eclosion. We provide evidence that these females are pursuing an alternative reproductive strategy, i.e., dispersing to overwinter and become nest foundresses the following spring, instead of helping ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13737
更新日期:1998-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Normal vision requires the precise control of vascular growth to maintain corneal transparency. Here we provide evidence for a unique mechanism by which the Forkhead box transcription factor FoxC1 regulates corneal vascular development. Murine Foxc1 is essential for development of the ocular anterior segment, and in h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1109540109
更新日期:2012-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies were prepared to the murine interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent HT2 cell line. One rat IgM monoclonal antibody (7D4) was identified that inhibited proliferation of the HT2 cells and of IL-2-dependent CTLL cells in the presence of crude rat IL-2 as well as of purified human IL-2. The level o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.18.5694
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surfaces with patterned wettability contrast are important in industrial applications such as heat transfer, water collection, and particle separation. Traditional methods of fabricating such surfaces rely on microfabrication technologies, which are only applicable to certain substrates and are difficult to scale up a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1522700113
更新日期:2016-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Few mechanisms are known that explain how transcription factors can adjust phenotypic outputs to accommodate differing environments. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the decision to mate or invade relies on environmental cues that converge on a shared transcription factor, Ste12. Specificity toward invasion occurs via Ste...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1805882115
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental mystery of plant cell biology is the occurrence of "stromules," stroma-filled tubular extensions from plastids (such as chloroplasts) that are universally observed in plants but whose functions are, in effect, completely unknown. One prevalent hypothesis is that stromules exchange signals or metabolites ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1511570112
更新日期:2015-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::Hox genes are conserved transcription factor-encoding genes that specify the identity of body regions in bilaterally symmetrical animals. In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, a member of the hemimetabolous insect group Orthoptera, the induction of a subset of mesodermal cells to form the primordial germ cells (PGCs) is...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1816024116
更新日期:2019-08-13 00:00:00