Hox genes limit germ cell formation in the short germ insect Gryllus bimaculatus.

abstract：:C1q, a member of the immune complement cascade, is implicated in the selective pruning of synapses by microglial phagocytosis. C1q-mediated synapse elimination has been shown to occur during brain development, while increased activation and complement-dependent synapse loss is observed in neurodegenerative diseases. H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Györffy BA,Kun J,Török G,Bulyáki É,Borhegyi Z,Gulyássy P,Kis V,Szocsics P,Micsonai A,Matkó J,Drahos L,Juhász G,Kékesi KA,Kardos J

更新日期：2018-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:APOBEC3 (A3) genes are members of the AID/APOBEC gene family that are found exclusively in mammals. A3 genes encode antiviral proteins that restrict the replication of retroviruses by inducing G-to-A mutations in their genomes and have undergone extensive amplification and diversification during mammalian evolution. E...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ito J,Gifford RJ,Sato K

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Amino acid residues that are critical in maintaining the framework structure of immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain variable (V) regions are strongly conserved in the V alpha and V beta proteins of the alpha beta T-cell antigen receptor (TCR alpha beta). Consequently, it has been proposed that TCR alpha beta has a c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gahm SJ,Fowlkes BJ,Jameson SC,Gascoigne NR,Cotterman MM,Kanagawa O,Schwartz RH,Matis LA

更新日期：1991-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences were inserted into adenovirus in place of the E1 region. The HIV-1 LTR contained in this recombinant adenovirus responds to trans-activation by tatIII in a HeLa cell line constitutively expressing that HIV-1 gene product. In addition, the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rice AP,Mathews MB

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyamides containing N-methylimidazole (Im) and N-methylpyrrole (Py) amino acids can be combined in antiparallel side-by-side dimeric complexes for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA. Six polyamides containing three to eight rings bind DNA sites 5-10 bp in length, respectively. Quantitative DNas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kelly JJ,Baird EE,Dervan PB

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative understanding of nucleic acid hybridization is essential to many aspects of biotechnology, such as DNA microarrays, as well as to the structure and folding kinetics of RNA. However, predictions of nucleic acid secondary structures have long been impeded by the presence of helices interior to loops, so-c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Isambert H,Siggia ED

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant B lymphocytes from several patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were examined for reactivity with murine monoclonal antibody 17.109. This antibody, prepared against the rheumatoid factor (RF) paraprotein Sie, recognizes a crossreactive idiotype on 48% of human IgM RF paraproteins, but does not re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kipps TJ,Fong S,Tomhave E,Chen PP,Goldfien RD,Carson DA

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the discovery in Lake Cuitzeo in central Mexico of a black, carbon-rich, lacustrine layer, containing nanodiamonds, microspherules, and other unusual materials that date to the early Younger Dryas and are interpreted to result from an extraterrestrial impact. These proxies were found in a 27-m-long core as p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Israde-Alcántara I,Bischoff JL,Domínguez-Vázquez G,Li HC,DeCarli PS,Bunch TE,Wittke JH,Weaver JC,Firestone RB,West A,Kennett JP,Mercer C,Xie S,Richman EK,Kinzie CR,Wolbach WS

更新日期：2012-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:We applied an innovation framework to sustainable livestock development research projects in Africa and Asia. The focus of these projects ranged from pastoral systems to poverty and ecosystems services mapping to market access by the poor to fodder and natural resource management to livestock parasite drug resistance....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kristjanson P,Reid RS,Dickson N,Clark WC,Romney D,Puskur R,Macmillan S,Grace D

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Sets of Burkitt lymphoma lines and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from the same individuals were compared for sensitivity to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones. Major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-restricted CTL clones were generated by stimulating the lymph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Torsteinsdottir S,Masucci MG,Ehlin-Henriksson B,Brautbar C,Ben Bassat H,Klein G,Klein E

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We performed the first genome-wide expression analysis directly comparing the expression profile of highly enriched normal human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and leukemic stem cells (LSC) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Comparing the expression signature of normal HSC to that of LSC, we identified 3...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Majeti R,Becker MW,Tian Q,Lee TL,Yan X,Liu R,Chiang JH,Hood L,Clarke MF,Weissman IL

更新日期：2009-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Chylomicron catabolism is known to be initiated by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (triacylglycero-protein acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.34). Chylomicron remnants, produced by lipolysis, are rapidly taken up by the liver via an apolipoprotein E (apoE)-mediated, receptor-dependent process. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beisiegel U,Weber W,Bengtsson-Olivecrona G

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallophilicity is defined as the interaction among closed-shell metal centers, the origin of which remains controversial, particularly for the roles of spd orbital hybridization (mixing of the spd atomic orbitals of the metal atom in the molecular orbitals of metal complex) and the relativistic effect. Our studies r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wan Q,Yang J,To WP,Che CM

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The mature gag and pol proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and all retroviruses derive from large gag and gag-pol polyprotein precursors by posttranslational cleavage. A highly specific, virally encoded protease is required for this essential proteolytic processing. In this study, the HIV protease gene prod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Debouck C,Gorniak JG,Strickler JE,Meek TD,Metcalf BW,Rosenberg M

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:pRK212.2, a derivative of the broad host range plasmid RK2, contains two EcoRI cleavage fragments, A and B, neither of which can replicate by itself in Escherichia coli. Fragment A (41.7 kilobases), but not fragment B (14.4 kilobases), can be cloned by insertion into the unrelated plasmids mini-F and ColE1. Fragment B...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Figurski DH,Helinski DR

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoter of the bean PAL2 gene (encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; EC 4.3.1.5) is a model for studies of tissue-restricted gene expression in plants. Petal epidermis is one of the tissues in which this promoter is activated in tobacco. Previous work suggested that a major factor establishing the pattern of PAL2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sablowski RW,Baulcombe DC,Bevan M

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Many important hominid-bearing fossil localities in East Africa are in regions that are extremely hot and dry. Although humans are well adapted to such conditions, it has been inferred that East African environments were cooler or more wooded during the Pliocene and Pleistocene when this region was a central stage of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Passey BH,Levin NE,Cerling TE,Brown FH,Eiler JM

更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of substance P-immunoreactive (SPI) varicose nerve networks and nerve fiber bundles in guinea pig prevertebral sympathetic ganglia has been confirmed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. No SPI neurons have been found in sympathetic ganglia, including lumbar paravertebral ganglia. Peroxidase-antiperoxida...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matthews MR,Cuello AC

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans (CN), an encapsulated, ubiquitous environmental yeast, is pathogenic for humans, primarily those with compromised immune function. CN is believed to be a facultative intracellular pathogen. Time-lapsed video microscopy revealed that yeast began to replicate and divide 2 hours after ingestion by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tucker SC,Casadevall A

更新日期：2002-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The ionophores A23187 and bromolasalocid (Br-X537A) acted synergistically in translocating Ca(2+) from an aqueous into an organic immiscible phase or in mediating Ca(2+) transport across the organic phase, the effects obtained in the simultaneous presence of both ionophores being greater than those expected from a sum...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deleers M,Gelbcke M,Malaisse WJ

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How cells achieve their final sizes is a pervasive biological question. One strategy to increase cell size is for the cell to amplify its chromosomal DNA content through endoreduplication cycles. Although endoreduplication is widespread in eukaryotes, we know very little about its molecular mechanisms. Successful prog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugimoto-Shirasu K,Roberts GR,Stacey NJ,McCann MC,Maxwell A,Roberts K

更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factors that act in hepatocyte-specific gene expression include proteins that are present mainly in liver cells (HNF-1/LFB1, C/EBP, HNF-3, HNF-4) (HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor; C/EBP, rat enhancer binding protein) and proteins that are widely distributed (AP-1, NF-1, NF-Y/ACF). We show here that th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xanthopoulos KG,Prezioso VR,Chen WS,Sladek FM,Cortese R,Darnell JE Jr

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is an essential regulator of colonic epithelial restitution, the rapid migration of colonocytes over mucosal wounds. High levels of ITF are frequently present in colorectal cancers and derived cell lines. Mucosal restitution requires the detachment of epithelium from substrate, which wo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taupin DR,Kinoshita K,Podolsky DK

更新日期：2000-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Expressions are developed for weak single pair emission probability and strong emission average number of pairs. The water transparency cutoff is closely realized, showing that the fundamental time scale is even shorter. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwinger J

更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary stability of cooperation is a problem of fundamental importance for the biological and social sciences. Different claims have been made about this issue: whereas Axelrod and Hamilton's [Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. (1981) Science 211, 1390-1398] widely recognized conclusion is that cooperative rules suc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bendor J,Swistak P

更新日期：1995-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A Drosophila cDNA encoding a human transcription factor TFIIB homologue was isolated by PCR methods. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates 85% sequence similarity with human TFIIB, and the corresponding cDNA product expressed in Escherichia coli is interchangeable with human TFIIB for both basal and GAL4-VP16-indu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamashita S,Wada K,Horikoshi M,Gong DW,Kokubo T,Hisatake K,Yokotani N,Malik S,Roeder RG,Nakatani Y

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular factors tightly regulate the architecture of bundles of filamentous cytoskeletal proteins, giving rise to assemblies with distinct morphologies and physical properties, and a similar control of the supramolecular organization of nanotubes and nanorods in synthetic materials is highly desirable. However, it is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Needleman DJ,Ojeda-Lopez MA,Raviv U,Miller HP,Wilson L,Safinya CR

更新日期：2004-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed an in vitro transcription system that uses nuclei isolated from Lemna gibba G-3. The in vitro transcripts include sequences homologous to hybridization probes for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39], the light-harv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silverthorne J,Tobin EM

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If climate change outpaces the rate of adaptive evolution within a site, populations previously well adapted to local conditions may decline or disappear, and banked seeds from those populations will be unsuitable for restoring them. However, if such adaptational lag has occurred, immigrants from historically warmer c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilczek AM,Cooper MD,Korves TM,Schmitt J

更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned one of the two human alpha-globin genes and report its complete nucleotide sequence. The gene is 832 base pairs (bp) long from the 5'-cap site to the 3'-polyadenylylation site. The amino acid coding sequences are separated into three segments (exons) by two short (117 and 140 bp) intervening sequences. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liebhaber SA,Goossens MJ,Kan YW

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00