Modeling RNA folding paths with pseudoknots: application to hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.

abstract：:The present investigation studied the influence of the blastocyst's state of activity on the "window" of implantation in the receptive uterus in the mouse. The receptive state of the uterus is defined as the limited time when the uterine milieu is favorable to blastocyst acceptance and implantation. In the mouse, impl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paria BC,Huet-Hudson YM,Dey SK

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of bovine TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and their subunits to the TSH receptor of beef thyroid membranes was compared to stimulation by these agents of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase(cyelizing), EC 4.6.1.1] in the same membranes, glucose oxidation in dog thyroid s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolff J,Winand RJ,Kohn LD

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that causes parkinsonism in humans and nonhuman animals, and its use has led to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, its molecular targets have not been defined. We show that mice lacking the gene for poly(ADP-rib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandir AS,Przedborski S,Jackson-Lewis V,Wang ZQ,Simbulan-Rosenthal CM,Smulson ME,Hoffman BE,Guastella DB,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Benthic foraminifers inhabit a wide range of aquatic environments including open marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Here we show that several different and diverse foraminiferal groups (miliolids, rotaliids, textulariids) and Gromia, another taxon also belonging to Rhizaria, accumulate and respire nitrates...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Piña-Ochoa E,Høgslund S,Geslin E,Cedhagen T,Revsbech NP,Nielsen LP,Schweizer M,Jorissen F,Rysgaard S,Risgaard-Petersen N

更新日期：2010-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A fragment of the cloned gene for the human myeloma ND epsilon chain, coding for the second, third, and fourth domains of the immunoglobulin, has been coupled to the tryptophan control region of an expression plasmid and subcloned in Escherichia coli. Induction of gene expression results in the synthesis of the expect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kenten J,Helm B,Ishizaka T,Cattini P,Gould H

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent excavations at Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) WF16 in southern Jordan have revealed remarkable evidence of architectural developments in the early Neolithic. This sheds light on both special purpose structures and "domestic" settlement, allowing fresh insights into the development of increasingly sedentary comm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Finlayson B,Mithen SJ,Najjar M,Smith S,Maričević D,Pankhurst N,Yeomans L

更新日期：2011-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:IFN-gamma treatment of cells leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 followed by dimerization through a reciprocal Src homology 2-phosphotyrosine interaction near the -COOH end of each monomer, forming a parallel structure that accumulates in the nucleus to drive ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhong M,Henriksen MA,Takeuchi K,Schaefer O,Liu B,ten Hoeve J,Ren Z,Mao X,Chen X,Shuai K,Darnell JE Jr

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Interaction between a peptide hormone and extracellular domains of its receptor is a crucial step for initiation of hormone action. We have developed a modification of the yeast two-hybrid system to study this interaction and have used it to characterize the interaction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with its...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu J,Kahn CR

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Phagocytes are a critical component of the innate immune response in humans and eliminate invading microorganisms through a process known as phagocytosis. Two distinct receptor-linked phagocytic pathways, one with Ab receptors (FcRs; FcR, Fc receptor) and the other complement receptors (CRs), mediate binding and inges...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kobayashi SD,Voyich JM,Buhl CL,Stahl RM,DeLeo FR

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans can undergo phenotypic switching between a benign, unicellular phenotype and an invasive, multicellular form that causes candidiasis. Increasingly, strains of Candida are becoming resistant to antifungal drugs, making the treatment of candidiasis difficult, especially in imm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Uchida M,McDermott G,Wetzler M,Le Gros MA,Myllys M,Knoechel C,Barron AE,Larabell CA

更新日期：2009-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison was made of the competence for neoplastic transformation in three different sublines of NIH 3T3 cells and multiple clonal derivatives of each. Over 90% of the neoplastic foci produced by an uncloned transformed (t-SA') subline on a confluent background of nontransformed cells were of the dense, multilayer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow M,Rubin H

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Allostatic load (AL) is a measure of overall physiological wear-and-tear over the life course, which could partially be the consequence of early life exposures. AL could allow a better understanding of the potential biological pathways playing a role in the construction of the social gradient in adult health. To explo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barboza Solís C,Kelly-Irving M,Fantin R,Darnaudéry M,Torrisani J,Lang T,Delpierre C

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute myeloid leukemia subtype M4 with eosinophilia is associated with a chromosome 16 inversion that creates a fusion gene CBFB-MYH11. We have previously shown that CBFB-MYH11 is necessary but not sufficient for leukemogenesis. Here, we report the identification of genes that specifically cooperate with CBFB-MYH11 in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castilla LH,Perrat P,Martinez NJ,Landrette SF,Keys R,Oikemus S,Flanegan J,Heilman S,Garrett L,Dutra A,Anderson S,Pihan GA,Wolff L,Liu PP

更新日期：2004-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the roles of IgE antibody in host responses to helminth infection, selective IgE-deficient SJA/9 mice were infected with the nematode parasites Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which elicits remarkable potentiated IgE production, and Trichinella spiralis, which induces strong anti-Trichinella IgE antibody pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watanabe N,Katakura K,Kobayashi A,Okumura K,Ovary Z

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ocean acidification describes the progressive, global reduction in seawater pH that is currently underway because of the accelerating oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO(2). Acidification is expected to reduce coral reef calcification and increase reef dissolution. Inorganic cementation in reefs describes the precipitati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Manzello DP,Kleypas JA,Budd DA,Eakin CM,Glynn PW,Langdon C

更新日期：2008-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell recognition molecules play a crucial role in the regulation of immune cells. We recently found that mast cells (MCs) express leukocyte recognition molecules, including ICAM-1 antigen, a natural ligand of LFA-1. We here report that interleukin 4 (IL-4), a pleiotropic cytokine and mast cell differentiation factor, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Valent P,Bevec D,Maurer D,Besemer J,Di Padova F,Butterfield JH,Speiser W,Majdic O,Lechner K,Bettelheim P

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) constitute perhaps the most tightly integrated pollination mutualism that is known. Figs are characterized by extraordinarily high global and local species diversity. It has been proposed that the diversification of this mutualism has oc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Machado CA,Robbins N,Gilbert MT,Herre EA

更新日期：2005-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:An array of photoreceptors including cryptochromes, phototropin, and phytochromes regulates various light responses in plants. Among these photoreceptors, phytochromes perceive red and far-red light by switching between two interconvertible spectral forms (Pr and Pfr). The Pfr form promotes light responses partly by d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paik I,Yang S,Choi G

更新日期：2012-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-TRAP (AT) is a small zinc-binding protein that regulates tryptophan biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis by binding to tryptophan-bound trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP), thereby preventing it from binding RNA, and allowing transcription and translation of the trpEDCFBA operon. Crystallographic and sediment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sachleben JR,McElroy CA,Gollnick P,Foster MP

更新日期：2010-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The human gamma herpesviruses, Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV) and EBV, are associated with multiple cancers. Recent evidence suggests that EBV and possibly other viruses can manipulate the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of specific viral and cellular components into exosomes, small endocytically ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meckes DG Jr,Gunawardena HP,Dekroon RM,Heaton PR,Edwards RH,Ozgur S,Griffith JD,Damania B,Raab-Traub N

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Activity-dependent means of altering calcium (Ca(2)(+)) influx are assumed to be of great physiological consequence, although definitive tests of this assumption have only begun to emerge. Facilitation and inactivation offer two opposing, activity-dependent means of altering Ca(2+) influx via cardiac Ca(v)1.2 calcium ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blaich A,Welling A,Fischer S,Wegener JW,Köstner K,Hofmann F,Moosmang S

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cleavage of precursor proteins occurs during assembly of numerous viruses. Seven bacteriophage T4 head-related proteins areknown to be cleaved during morphogenesis. Sequences surrounding the cleavage sites in T4 head precursors P23 and IPIII are reported here. We previously determined the sequences of precursor and pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Isobe T,Black LW,Tsugita A

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate gene transfer into rat heart in vivo by the direct injection of plasmid DNA. Injection of gene constructs driven by retroviral and cellular promoters resulted in detectable levels of reporter gene activities. The cellular promoter and 5' flanking sequence (positions -613 to +32) were derived from the ra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitsis RN,Buttrick PM,McNally EM,Kaplan ML,Leinwand LA

更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Phenotypic plasticity is presumed to be involved in adaptive change toward species diversification. We thus examined how candidate genes underlying natural variation across populations might also mediate plasticity within an individual. Our implementation of an integrative "plasticity space" approach revealed that the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosas U,Cibrian-Jaramillo A,Ristova D,Banta JA,Gifford ML,Fan AH,Zhou RW,Kim GJ,Krouk G,Birnbaum KD,Purugganan MD,Coruzzi GM

更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Resting- or baseline-state low-frequency (0.01-0.2 Hz) brain activity is observed in fMRI, EEG, and local field potential recordings. These fluctuations were found to be correlated across brain regions and are thought to reflect neuronal activity fluctuations between functionally connected areas of the brain. However,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krishnan GP,González OC,Bazhenov M

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Although they lie at the conceptual core of a wide range of scientific questions, the notions of irregular or "random" arrangement and the process of randomization itself have never been unambiguously defined. Algorithmic implementation of these concepts requires a combinatorial, rather than a probability-theoretic, f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Singer BH,Pincus S

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic gut inflammatory diseases are associated with disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers and impaired mucosal immunity. HIV-1 (HIV) causes depletion of mucosal CD4+ T cells early in infection and disruption of gut epithelium, resulting in chronic inflammation and immunodeficiency. Although antiretroviral the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crakes KR,Santos Rocha C,Grishina I,Hirao LA,Napoli E,Gaulke CA,Fenton A,Datta S,Arredondo J,Marco ML,Sankaran-Walters S,Cortopassi G,Giulivi C,Dandekar S

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Variable regions of Ig chains provide the antigen recognition portion of B-cell receptors and derivative antibodies. Ig heavy-chain variable region exons are assembled developmentally from V, D, J gene segments. Each variable region contains three antigen-contacting complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), with CDR...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang JK,Wang C,Du Z,Meyers RM,Kepler TB,Neuberg D,Kwong PD,Mascola JR,Joyce MG,Bonsignori M,Haynes BF,Yeap LS,Alt FW

更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Criegee intermediates are thought to play a role in atmospheric chemistry, in particular, the oxidation of SO2, which produces SO3 and subsequently H2SO4, an important constituent of aerosols and acid rain. However, the impact of such oxidation reactions is affected by the reactions of Criegee intermediates with water...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang HL,Chao W,Lin JJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HU, the major DNA binding protein of Escherichia coli, exists in solution as a heterodimer composed of two highly homologous subunits: HU1, encoded by hupB; HU2, encoded by hupA. The purification of the HU protein from hupA- or hupB- bacteria showed that the hupB mutant strains synthesize normal amounts of the HU2 sub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonnefoy E,Almeida A,Rouviere-Yaniv J

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00