Dispersal of first "workers" in social wasps: causes and implications of an alternative reproductive strategy.

abstract：:Many interactions in modern human societies are among strangers. Explaining cooperation in such interactions is challenging. The two most prominent explanations critically depend on individuals' willingness to punish defectors: In models of direct punishment, individuals punish antisocial behavior at a personal cost, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balafoutas L,Nikiforakis N,Rockenbach B

更新日期：2014-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Children with reading impairments have deficits in phonological awareness, phonemic categorization, speech-in-noise perception, and psychophysical tasks such as frequency and temporal discrimination. Many of these children also exhibit abnormal encoding of speech stimuli in the auditory brainstem, even though response...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hornickel J,Skoe E,Nicol T,Zecker S,Kraus N

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus infection in vitro immortalizes primary B cells. EBNA2 is an Epstein-Barr virus-encoded transcriptional transactivator that mimics the effects of activated Notch signaling and is essential for this proliferative response. An assay using Sindbis virus (SV) as a cell death inducer revealed that, like ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JM,Lee KH,Weidner M,Osborne BA,Hayward SD

更新日期：2002-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) catalyzes three reactions in the fatty acid β-oxidation process. Mutations in the two TFP subunits cause mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and acute fatty liver of pregnancy that can lead to death. Here we report a 4.2-Å cryo-electron microscopy α2β2 tetrameri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang K,Li N,Wang X,Dai J,Liu P,Wang C,Chen XW,Gao N,Xiao J

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosome crystal structures have revealed that two small subunit proteins, S9 and S13, have C-terminal tails, which, together with several features of 16S rRNA, contact the anticodon stem-loop of P-site tRNA. To test the functional importance of these protein tails, we created genomic deletions of the C-terminal regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoang L,Fredrick K,Noller HF

更新日期：2004-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Sinuous patterns traced by fluid flows are a ubiquitous feature of physical landscapes on Earth, Mars, the volcanic floodplains of the Moon and Venus, and other planetary bodies. Typically discussed as a consequence of migration processes in meandering rivers, sinuosity is also expressed in channel types that show lit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lazarus ED,Constantine JA

更新日期：2013-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Although peroxynitrite is harmful to the host, the beneficial effects of peroxynitrite are less well understood. We explored the role of peroxynitrite in the host immune response to Coxsackievirus infection. Peroxynitrite inhibits viral replication in vitro, in part by inhibiting viral RNA entry into the host cell. Ni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padalko E,Ohnishi T,Matsushita K,Sun H,Fox-Talbot K,Bao C,Baldwin WM 3rd,Lowenstein CJ

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of new antimicrobial drugs is a priority to combat the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This development is especially problematic in gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane (OM) permeability barrier and multidrug efflux pumps. Therefore, we screened for compounds that target...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hart EM,Mitchell AM,Konovalova A,Grabowicz M,Sheng J,Han X,Rodriguez-Rivera FP,Schwaid AG,Malinverni JC,Balibar CJ,Bodea S,Si Q,Wang H,Homsher MF,Painter RE,Ogawa AK,Sutterlin H,Roemer T,Black TA,Rothman DM,Walker

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin recognition complex (ORC) is an essential component of the prereplication complex (pre-RC) in mitotic cell cycles. The role of ORC as a foundation to assemble the pre-RC is conserved from yeast to human. Furthermore, in metazoans ORC plays a key role in determining the timing of replication initiation and o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park SY,Asano M

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:There are at least three short-range gap repressors in the precellular Drosophila embryo: Krüppel, Knirps, and Giant. Krüppel and Knirps contain related repression motifs, PxDLSxH and PxDLSxK, respectively, which mediate interactions with the dCtBP corepressor protein. Here, we present evidence that Giant might also i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nibu Y,Levine MS

更新日期：2001-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:For the purpose of clarifying the magneto-orientation mechanism of several biological membrane systems, xylene-suspended thin-layered single crystals of lecithin, which is a major component of membranes, were subjected to magnetic fields of various strengths, and the orientation behavior of the crystals was analyzed. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakurai I,Kawamura Y,Ikegami A,Iwayanagi S

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the widespread occurrence of spliceosomal introns in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, their origin remains controversial. One model proposes that the duplication of small genomic portions could have provided the boundaries for new introns. If this mechanism has occurred recently, the 5' and 3' boundaries of e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhuo D,Madden R,Elela SA,Chabot B

更新日期：2007-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:There are well-recognized sex differences in many pituitary endocrine axes, usually thought to be generated by gonadal steroid imprinting of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. However, the recognition that growth hormone (GH) cells are arranged in functionally organized networks raises the possibility that the responses...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanchez-Cardenas C,Fontanaud P,He Z,Lafont C,Meunier AC,Schaeffer M,Carmignac D,Molino F,Coutry N,Bonnefont X,Gouty-Colomer LA,Gavois E,Hodson DJ,Le Tissier P,Robinson IC,Mollard P

更新日期：2010-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Like other guanine nucleotide-exchange proteins (GEPs) that activate ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPases, brefeldin A-inhibited GEP2, BIG2, contains an approximately 200-aa Sec7 domain that is responsible for this catalytic activity and its inhibition by brefeldin A. The Sec7 domain is located near the center of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li H,Adamik R,Pacheco-Rodriguez G,Moss J,Vaughan M

更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:During cytokinesis, a cleavage furrow generated by actomyosin ring contraction is restructured into the midbody, a platform for the assembly of the abscission machinery that controls the final separation of daughter cells. The polymerization state of F-actin is important during assembly, ingression, disassembly, and c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terry SJ,Donà F,Osenberg P,Carlton JG,Eggert US

更新日期：2018-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of amyloid fibers in the brain, which can occur when a protein misfolds into an extended beta-sheet conformation. The nucleation of these beta-sheet aggregates is of particular interest, not only because it is the rate-determining step toward fiber ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Petty SA,Decatur SM

更新日期：2005-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Temperature lability of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; ADP: alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.27), a key starch biosynthetic enzyme, may play a significant role in the heat-induced loss in maize seed weight and yield. Here we report the isolation an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greene TW,Hannah LC

更新日期：1998-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The fusiform face area (FFA) is a region of human cortex that responds selectively to faces, but whether it supports a more general function relevant for perceptual expertise is debated. Although both faces and objects of expertise engage many brain areas, the FFA remains the focus of the strongest modular claims and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McGugin RW,Gatenby JC,Gore JC,Gauthier I

更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops. Surprisingly, the killing mechanism of B. thuringiensis remains controversial. In particular, the importance of the septicemia induced by the host midgut mic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caccia S,Di Lelio I,La Storia A,Marinelli A,Varricchio P,Franzetti E,Banyuls N,Tettamanti G,Casartelli M,Giordana B,Ferré J,Gigliotti S,Ercolini D,Pennacchio F

更新日期：2016-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Aire is a transcriptional regulator that induces expression of peripheral tissue antigens (PTA) in thymic medullary epithelial cells (MECs), driving immunological self-tolerance in differentiating T cells. To elucidate its mechanistic pathways, we examined its transcriptional impact in MECs in vivo by microarray analy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giraud M,Yoshida H,Abramson J,Rahl PB,Young RA,Mathis D,Benoist C

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:There are certain genes on the sex chromosome of Drosophila for which the female contains twice as many copies as the male. Some of the genes in this group produce the same phenotype in each sex despite the dosage difference and are said, therefore, to manifest dosage compensation. The structural genes for glucose-6-p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seecof RL,Kaplan WD,Futch DG

更新日期：1969-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of contrast enhancement of tumors using magnetic resonance imaging was investigated in MCF7 human breast cancer implanted in nude mice. Dynamic contrast-enhanced images recorded at high spatial resolution were analyzed by an image analysis method based on a physiological model, which included the blood c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Furman-Haran E,Margalit R,Grobgeld D,Degani H

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophins are essential for neuronal differentiation, but the onset and the intensity of neurotrophin signaling within the neuronal microenvironment are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that extracellular nucleotides and their cognate receptors regulate neurotrophin-mediated differentiation. We found th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arthur DB,Akassoglou K,Insel PA

更新日期：2005-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:An acetone extract of chloroplast particles, when layered on an aqueous surface, exhibited light-dependent phosphorylation. Studies with the firefly-tail enzyme assay, as well as with (32)P-labeled inorganic phosphate, show an initial release of adenosine triphosphate (a step that is apparently only light-triggered), ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McPhee J,Brody SS

更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this note the Weierstrass integral J is taken as L, the Riemann integral of length. Here M(n), n > 1, is a compact, connected manifold of class C(infinity) with a positive definite Riemann structure. Presentations (phi, U(phi)) in M(n) and geodesics (with the aid of the Euler-Riemann equations) are defined in Morse...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morse M

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) initially came to prominence because of its anti-tumor activity, most attention is now focused on its proinflammatory actions. TNF appears to play a critical role in both early and late events involved in inflammation, from localizing the noxious agent and amplifying the cellular a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marino MW,Dunn A,Grail D,Inglese M,Noguchi Y,Richards E,Jungbluth A,Wada H,Moore M,Williamson B,Basu S,Old LJ

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Three protein kinases (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) were detected when the soluble fraction of rabbit kidney medulla was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose with a linear NaC1 gradient. The first two kinases eluted (Peak 1 and Peak II) were cyclic-AMP-dependent, wheras Peak III was cyclic-AMP-independent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schlender KK,Reimann EM

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vasectomy is a well accepted global contraceptive approach frequently associated with epididymal granuloma and sperm autoantibody formation. To understand the long-term sequelae of vasectomy, we investigated the early immune response in vasectomized mice. Vasectomy leads to rapid epithelial cell apoptosis and necrosis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wheeler K,Tardif S,Rival C,Luu B,Bui E,Del Rio R,Teuscher C,Sparwasser T,Hardy D,Tung KS

更新日期：2011-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The recently characterized corticosteroid receptor on amphibian neuronal membranes appears to mediate rapid, stress-induced changes in male reproductive behaviors. Because the transduction mechanisms associated with this receptor are unknown, we performed radioligand binding studies to determine whether this steroid r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orchinik M,Murray TF,Franklin PH,Moore FL

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA-DO (DO) is a nonclassic class II heterodimer that inhibits the action of the class II peptide exchange catalyst, HLA-DM (DM), and influences DM localization within late endosomes and exosomes. In addition, DM acts as a chaperone for DO and is required for its egress from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These recip...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoon T,Macmillan H,Mortimer SE,Jiang W,Rinderknecht CH,Stern LJ,Mellins ED

更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00