Abstract:
:Beta-arrestins are scaffolding proteins implicated as negative regulators of TLR4 signaling in macrophages and fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, we found that beta-arrestin-1 (beta-arr-1) and -2 knockout (KO) mice are protected from TLR4-mediated endotoxic shock and lethality. To identify the potential mechanisms involved, we examined the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the wild-type (WT) and beta-arr-1 and -2 KO mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 ligand) injection. Consistent with lethality, LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma were markedly decreased in both beta-arr-1 and -2 KO, compared to WT mice. To further explore the cellular mechanisms, we obtained splenocytes (separated into CD11(b+) and CD11(b-) populations) from WT, beta-arr-1, and -2 KO mice and examined the effect of LPS on cytokine production. Similar to the in vivo observations, LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines were significantly blocked in both splenocyte populations from the beta-arr-2 KO compared to the WT mice. This effect in the beta-arr-1 KO mice, however, was restricted to the CD11(b-) splenocytes. Our studies further indicate that regulation of cytokine production by beta-arrestins is likely independent of MAPK and IkappaBalpha-NFkappaB pathways. Our results, however, suggest that LPS-induced chromatin modification is dependent on beta-arrestin levels and may be the underlying mechanistic basis for regulation of cytokine levels by beta-arrestins in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that beta-arr-1 and -2 mediate LPS-induced cytokine secretion in a cell-type specific manner and that both beta-arrestins have overlapping but non-redundant roles in regulating inflammatory cytokine production and endotoxic shock in mice.
journal_name
J Cell Physioljournal_title
Journal of cellular physiologyauthors
Porter KJ,Gonipeta B,Parvataneni S,Appledorn DM,Patial S,Sharma D,Gangur V,Amalfitano A,Parameswaran Ndoi
10.1002/jcp.22289subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
406-16issue
2eissn
0021-9541issn
1097-4652journal_volume
225pub_type
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