Abstract:
:Pulmonary congestion is a hallmark feature of heart failure and is a major reason for hospital admissions in this patient population. Heart failure patients often demonstrate restrictive and obstructive pulmonary function abnormalities; however, the mechanisms of these changes remain controversial. It has been suggested that the bronchial circulation may play an important role in the development of these pulmonary abnormalities and in the symptoms associated with pulmonary congestion. Congestion may occur in the bronchial circulation from either a marked increase in flow or an increase in blood volume but with a reduction in flow due to high cardiac filling pressures and high pulmonary vascular pressures (a stasis like condition). Either may lead to thickened bronchial mucosal and submucosal tissues and reduced airway compliance resulting in airway obstruction and restriction and a lack of airway distensibility. These structural changes may contribute to "cardiac asthma" and dyspnea, characteristic features common in HF patients. Thus the bronchial circulation may be a potential target for therapeutic interventions. The aim of this paper is to review factors governing the control of the bronchial circulation, how bronchial vascular conductance may change with HF and to pose arguments, both supporting and in opposition to the bronchial circulation contributing to congestion and altered pulmonary function in HF. We ultimately hypothesize that the engorgement of the bronchial circulatory bed may play a role in pulmonary function abnormalities that occur in HF patients and contribute to symptoms such as orthopnea and exertional dyspnea.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Ceridon M,Wanner A,Johnson BDdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2009.03.033subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-09-01 00:00:00pages
414-9issue
3eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(09)00227-8journal_volume
73pub_type
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