Abstract:
:Transforming growth factor-beta utilizes a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways in addition to Smads to regulate a wide array of cellular functions. These non-canonical, non-Smad pathways are activated directly by ligand-occupied receptors to reinforce, attenuate, or otherwise modulate downstream cellular responses. These non-Smad pathways include various branches of MAP kinase pathways, Rho-like GTPase signaling pathways, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathways. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of non-Smad pathways. In addition, functions of these non-Smad pathways are also discussed.
journal_name
Cell Resjournal_title
Cell researchauthors
Zhang YEdoi
10.1038/cr.2008.328subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
128-39issue
1eissn
1001-0602issn
1748-7838pii
cr2008328journal_volume
19pub_type
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