Abstract：
:Parkinson's disease was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson. It is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the nigrostriatal pathways involved in the control of movement. Since the introduction of L-DOPA as a therapy in the mid-1960s, clinical management of the symptoms has progressed, but, at present, it remains impossible to stop the disease progression or to restore lost functions. A better understanding of neurodegeneration and of midbrain neuronal development has allowed the development of new pharmaceutical compounds with neuroprotective properties and has shown the potential of neurone replacement therapies in Parkinson's disease. Even though major obstacles remain before these can be transferred to the clinic, the progress made in the last 10 years brings hope of improved therapies for Parkinson's disease. In this paper we review the current knowledge of Parkinson's disease including its etiology, some of the current symptomatic therapeutic modalities, and recent progress in neuroprotective and cell replacement therapies.
journal_name
Prog Neurobioljournal_title
Progress in neurobiologyauthors
Toulouse A,Sullivan AMdoi
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.05.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
376-92issue
4eissn
0301-0082issn
1873-5118pii
S0301-0082(08)00056-7journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of desi...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dementia encapsulates a set of symptoms that include loss of mental abilities such as memory, problem solving or language, and reduces a person's ability to perform daily activities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, however dementia can also occur in other neurological disorders such as Hunting...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.008
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible molecule acting as an intercellular and intracellular messenger in many tissues, plays multiple roles in the nervous system. In addition to regulating proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons, NO is also involved in synaptic activity, neural plasticity and memory formation...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.01.002
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain damage can sometimes render a patient persistently unresponsive and yet apparently awake, admitting the possibility that the absence of overt voluntary behaviour might conceal a retained capacity for covert cognition. When given instructions to perform a cognitive task, a minority of patients in such a so-called...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.009
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The freely diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS)-containing "nitroxergic" (NO-ergic) neurons, is unique among classical synaptic chemical transmitters because of its "non-specificity", molecular "NO-receptors" (e.g. guanylyl cyclase, iron complexes, nitrosylated proteins or DNA) in tar...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00062-7
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High frequency oscillations (HFO) have a variety of characteristics: band-limited or broad-band, transient burst-like phenomenon or steady-state. HFOs may be encountered under physiological or under pathological conditions (pHFO). Here we review the underlying mechanisms of oscillations, at the level of cells and netw...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.02.005
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In animal models of global and focal ischemia neuroprotection is typically determined by quantifying the degree of cell loss or reduction in infarct volume shortly after the ischemic insult. These methods are unable to reliably detect more subtle forms of neuronal death and dysfunction that arise from injury to non-ho...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00078-6
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multivariate time series analysis is extensively used in neurophysiology with the aim of studying the relationship between simultaneously recorded signals. Recently, advances on information theory and nonlinear dynamical systems theory have allowed the study of various types of synchronization from time series. In thi...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.10.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite decades of study, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be a serious and significant health problem in the United States and worldwide. The mechanisms contributing to brain injury after SAH remain unclear. Traditionally, most in vivo research has heavily emphasized the basic mechanisms of SAH over the pat...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, cellular uptake, storage as well as export of copper have to be tightly regulated in order to guarantee sufficient copper ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system are quite different from all other peripheral neurons. The IPANs are transducers of physiological stimuli, including movement of the villi or distortion of the mucosa, contraction of intestinal muscle and changes in the chemistry of the contents ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.12.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the population ages, the economic and societal impacts of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are expected to rise sharply. Like dementia, late-life depressive disorders are common and are linked to increased disability, high healthcare utilisation, cognitive decline and premature mortality. Considerab...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.009
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proteolytical processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gives rise to beta-amyloid peptides, which accumulate in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Different soluble or insoluble higher molecular weight forms of beta-amyloid peptides have been postulated to trigger a complex pathological cascade ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.06.001
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is proposed that altered dendrite length and de novo formation of new dendrite branches in cholinoceptive cells are responsible for long-term memory storage, a process enabled by the degradation of microtubule-associated protein-2. These memories are encoded as modality-specific associable representations. Accordin...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00094-4
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the manifestation of motor symptoms, which are mainly attributed to the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the pars compacta of substantia nigra. Based on advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease,...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.003
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to acute stress are important predictors of health outcomes in non-pregnant populations. Greater magnitude and duration of physiological responses have been associated with increased risk of hypertensive disorders and diabetes, greater susceptibility to infectious illnesses...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.07.003
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral responses to a perceptual stimulus are typically faster with repeated exposure to the stimulus (behavioral priming). This implicit learning mechanism is critical for survival but impaired in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Many studies of the neural bases for behavioral p...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is suggested that the anatomical structures which mediate consciousness evolved as decisive embellishments to a (non-conscious) design strategy present even in the simplest unicellular organisms. Consciousness is thus not the pinnacle of a hierarchy whose base is the primitive reflex, because reflexes require a ner...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00058-7
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression in the elderly is nowadays a predominant health care problem, mainly due to the progressive aging of the population. It results from psychosocial stress, polypathology, as well as some biochemical changes which occur in the aged brain and can lead to cognitive impairments, increased symptoms from medical il...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00050-7
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanotechnology employs engineered materials or devices that interact with biological systems at a molecular level and could revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) by stimulating, responding to and interacting with target sites to induce physiological responses while minimizing side-effects. C...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.05.002
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The S-100 is a group of low molecular weight (10-12 kD) calcium-binding proteins highly conserved among vertebrates. It is present in different tissues as dimers of homologous or different subunits (alpha, beta). In the nervous system, the S-100 exists as a mixture composed of beta beta and alpha beta dimers with the ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0301-0082(94)00062-m
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene expression patterns in neurons are complex and are modulated in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. In addition, during development and as neurons differentiate into distinct neuronal phenotypes, there is a co-ordinated activation and repression of a variety of genes. It is becoming increasingly evident t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00041-x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review summarizes recent work on the use of reporter genes to label selected neuronal populations in transgenic mice, with particular emphasis on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Reporter genes discussed are the lacZ, green fluorescent protein (GFP), luc, and bla genes, which encode the reporter pro...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00038-1
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:White matter (WM) plasticity during adulthood is a recently described phenomenon by which experience can shape brain structure. It has been observed in humans using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and myelination has been suggested as a possible mechanism. Here, we set out to identify molecular and cellular changes ass...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101770
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) have long been studied as particularly accessible examples of chemical synapses. Nonetheless, some important features of neuromuscular transmission are still poorly understood. One of these is the low statistical variability of the number of transmitter quanta released from motor nerve t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.004
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive neuroscientists in the late 20th century began the task of identifying the part(s) of the brain concerned with normal behavior as manifest in the psychological capacities as affective powers, reasoning, behaving purposively and the pursuit of goals, following introduction of the 'functional magnetic resonanc...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.001
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper provides the first review of the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective metabolic mechanisms of action of methylene blue in vivo. These mechanisms have important implications as a new neurobiological approach to improve normal memory and to treat memory impairment and neurodegeneration associated with mitocho...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.007
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nervous system development, plasticity and regeneration require numerous, coordinated and finely tuned subcellular mechanisms. Phosphoproteins of the stathmin family, originally identified as intracellular signal relay proteins, are mostly or exclusively expressed in the nervous system with a high level of expression ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.002
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spectrum of inflammatory diseases is nowadays considered to include diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Current evidence suggests that syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have important inflammatory and immune components and may be amenable to treatment by anti-inflammatory and immunothera...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.08.001
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing neuronal networks evolve continuously, requiring that neurons modulate both their intrinsic properties and their responses to incoming synaptic signals. Emerging evidence supports roles for the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in this neuronal plasticity. HCN channels seem ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.007
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
