Abstract：
:It is proposed that altered dendrite length and de novo formation of new dendrite branches in cholinoceptive cells are responsible for long-term memory storage, a process enabled by the degradation of microtubule-associated protein-2. These memories are encoded as modality-specific associable representations. Accordingly, associable representations are confined to cytoarchitectonic modules of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The proposed sequence of events leading to long-term storage in cholinoceptive dendrites begins with changes in neuronal activity, then in neurotrophin release, followed by enhanced acetylcholine release, muscarinic response, calcium influx, degradation of microtubule-associated protein-2, and finally new dendrite structure. Hypothetically, each associable representation consists of altered dendrite segments from approximately 5000-15,000 cholinoceptive cells contained within one or a few module(s). Simultaneous restructuring during consolidation of long-term memory is hypothesized to result in a similar infrastructure among dendrite sets, facilitating co-activation of those dendrite sets by neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, and conceivably enabling high energy interactions between those dendrites by phenomena such as quantum optical coherence. Based on the specific architecture proposed, it is estimated that the human telecephalon contains enough dendrites to encode 50 million associable representations in a lifetime, or put another way, to encode one new associable representation each minute. The implications that this proposal has regarding treatments for Alzheimer's disease are also discussed.
journal_name
Prog Neurobioljournal_title
Progress in neurobiologyauthors
Woolf NJdoi
10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00094-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-05-01 00:00:00pages
59-77issue
1eissn
0301-0082issn
1873-5118pii
S0301-0082(97)00094-4journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The brain circuitry of saccadic eye movements, from brainstem to cortex, has been extensively studied during the last 30 years. The wealth of data gathered allowed the conception of numerous computational models. These models proposed descriptions of the putative mechanisms generating this data, and, in turn, made pre...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.001
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of neuropeptide and peptide hormone signaling are coming of age in Drosophila due to rapid developments in molecular genetics approaches that overcome the difficulties caused by the small size of the fly. In addition we have genome-wide information on genes involved in peptide signaling, and growing pools of p...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.04.010
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be a successful therapeutic approach in several patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Hitherto its application was mainly restricted to advanced disease patients resistant to medication or with severe treatment side effects. However, there...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.002
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spectrum of inflammatory diseases is nowadays considered to include diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Current evidence suggests that syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have important inflammatory and immune components and may be amenable to treatment by anti-inflammatory and immunothera...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.08.001
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An important biological consequence of the initial interactions between the cell surface and its extracellular environment is the diversity of cellular responses ranging from overt repulsion or avoidance reaction to stable adhesion or final positioning. It is now evident that positive and negative guiding mechanisms a...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00061-1
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible molecule acting as an intercellular and intracellular messenger in many tissues, plays multiple roles in the nervous system. In addition to regulating proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons, NO is also involved in synaptic activity, neural plasticity and memory formation...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.01.002
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, which leads to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease - tremor, rigidity and postural instability. A number of non-motor symptoms are also associated with PD, including cognitive impairment, mood disturb...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New findings obtained during the past years, especially the discovery of mutations in the genes associated with brain iron metabolism, have provided key insights into the homeostatic mechanisms of brain iron metabolism and the pathological mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulated evidence...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.07.009
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After a long period of inconclusive observations, the intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the intestine have been identified. The intestine is thus equipped with two groups of afferent neurons, those with cell bodies in cranial and dorsal root ganglia, and these recently identified afferent neurons with cell bodies ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00051-8
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most important endemic encephalitis in the world especially in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. JE affects over 50,000 patients and results in 15,000 deaths annually. JE virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to family flaviviridae. JE virus is transmitted ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.008
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work in neuroscience has shown that the adult central nervous system contains neural progenitors, precursors, and stem cells that are capable of generating new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. While challenging previous dogma that no new neurons are born in the adult mammalian CNS, these findings brin...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.002
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cloning of K(Ca)2 channels revealed three subtypes, with each displaying distinct but partially overlapping expression distributions in the mammalian CNS and periphery. Activation of K(Ca)2 channels leads to membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of action potential firing. Block of K(Ca)2 channels has been sug...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.03.002
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here, we discuss the identity, heterogeneity and functions of radial glial cells mostly in the developing central nervous system (CNS). First, we define radial glial cells by morphological, cell biological and molecular criteria as true glial cells, akin to astroglia. We then describe the appearance of radial glial ce...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.02.010
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the genetics of neurodegenerative disease become better understood, opportunities for genetic susceptibility testing for at-risk individuals will increase. Such testing raises important ethical and practice issues related to test access, informed consent, risk estimation and communication, return of results, and po...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.02.005
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) have long been studied as particularly accessible examples of chemical synapses. Nonetheless, some important features of neuromuscular transmission are still poorly understood. One of these is the low statistical variability of the number of transmitter quanta released from motor nerve t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.004
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been an abundance of literature devoted to the involvement of noradrenaline in basic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep processes since the subject was first investigated in 1964. Nowadays, the great majority of studies highlight the need for silence in the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons as a condition fo...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.04.002
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is suggested that the brain undergoes plastic changes in order to adapt to changing environmental needs. Sensory deprivation results in decreased input to the brain leading to adaptive or maladaptive changes. Although several theories hypothesize the mechanism of these adaptive and maladaptive changes, the course o...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper focuses on the successive historical papers related to medulla oblongata (M.O.) intracerebral connections, its activities and ascending influences regulating sleep waking behavior. The M.O. certainly influences the quantitative and qualitative processes of waking. However, its neurophysiological properties ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00094-x
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It seems likely that the Alzheimer disease (AD)-related dendritic changes addressed in this article are induced by two principally different processes. One process is linked to the plastic response associated with deafferentation, that is, long-lasting transneuronally induced regressive changes in dendritic geometry a...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00022-7
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, cellular uptake, storage as well as export of copper have to be tightly regulated in order to guarantee sufficient copper ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While selective neuronal death has been an influential theme in Huntington's disease (HD), there is now a preponderance of evidence that significant neuronal dysfunction precedes frank neuronal death. The best evidence for neuronal dysfunction is the observation that gene expression is altered in HD brain, suggesting ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.03.004
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review is focused on the structure and function of Alzheimer's amyloid deposits. Amyloid formation is a process in which normal well-folded cellular proteins undergo a self-assembly process that leads to the formation of large and ordered protein structures. Amyloid deposition, oligomerization, and higher order p...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.10.004
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular proteolytic mechanism controlling the degradation of misfolded/abnormal proteins. A common hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in other neurodegenerative disorders is the accumulation of misfolded/abnormal proteins into the damaged neuron...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.001
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the population ages, the economic and societal impacts of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are expected to rise sharply. Like dementia, late-life depressive disorders are common and are linked to increased disability, high healthcare utilisation, cognitive decline and premature mortality. Considerab...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.009
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral responses to a perceptual stimulus are typically faster with repeated exposure to the stimulus (behavioral priming). This implicit learning mechanism is critical for survival but impaired in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Many studies of the neural bases for behavioral p...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the neurobiology of mental health (e.g., addiction, depression). This contributes to a gap in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of psy...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain sex differences are programmed largely by sex hormone secretions and direct sex chromosome effects in early life, and are subsequently modulated by early life experiences. The brain's resident immune cells, called microglia, actively contribute to brain development. Recent research has shown that microglia are s...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.002
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are characterized by tissue and mitochondrial changes that compromise brain function. Alterations can include increased reactive oxygen species production and impaired antioxidant capacity with a consequent increase in oxidative damage, mi...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.002
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maintenance of osmotic pressure is a primary regulatory process essential for normal cell function. The osmolarity of extracellular fluids is regulated by modifying the intake and excretion of salts and water. A major component of this regulatory process is the neuroendocrine hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00071-4
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review first we evaluate evidence on the role of the neurobiological alterations induced by chronic ethanol consumption in the development of ethanol tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. Secondly, we describe the neuropathological consequences of chronic ethanol on cognitive functions and on brain structures....
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00032-x
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
