Abstract：
:In animal models of global and focal ischemia neuroprotection is typically determined by quantifying the degree of cell loss or reduction in infarct volume shortly after the ischemic insult. These methods are unable to reliably detect more subtle forms of neuronal death and dysfunction that arise from injury to non-homogeneous cell populations (e.g. hilar and striatal neurons), or to dendrites (e.g. loss of structural proteins or decreased synaptic transmission). It is argued that this type of covert injury contributes to a wide range of functional impairments (e.g. decreased working memory, altered field potentials, loss of forelimb dexterity) that are rarely used as outcome measures in experimental studies even though they are of paramount importance clinically. The limitations of a purely histological approach in assessing neuroprotection are clearly illustrated using examples of protective drug therapies, mild hypothermia and ischemic preconditioning. An alternative strategy that incorporates behavioural, electrophysiological and histological endpoints is put forth as a more powerful method for gauging neuroprotection. The strength of this approach will be increased if these assessments are performed on the same animals. By incorporating functional measures and longer postischemic survival into their experimental protocols, investigators will increase the validity of their models and hopefully reduce the likelihood of advancing ineffective therapies into costly clinical trials.
journal_name
Prog Neurobioljournal_title
Progress in neurobiologyauthors
Corbett D,Nurse Sdoi
10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00078-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
531-48issue
5eissn
0301-0082issn
1873-5118pii
S0301-0082(97)00078-6journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Although more than 8000 papers of apoptosis are published annually, there are very few reports concerning necrosis in the past few years. A number of recent studies using lower species animals have suggested that the cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 neuronal death after brief global cerebral ischemia occurs by apoptosis, an activ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00006-x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most functional studies of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels have been confined to photoreceptors and olfactory epithelium, in which CNG channels are abundant and easy to study. The widespread distribution of CNG channels in tissues throughout the body has only recently been recognized and the functions of this c...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00029-x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, opioid receptor like1 (ORL1) receptor was identified. The ORL1 receptor is a G protein coupled receptor and the sequence of the ORL1 receptor is closely related to that of the opioid receptors. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ has been identified as a potent endogenous agonist of the ORL1 receptor and the sequence of ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00067-7
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Firstly, the noetic value of the ontogenetic approach to the problems of learning and memory is emphasized; then the heterochrony and uneven time course of the development of neural systems are accentuated, which fully holds for the basic cognitive functions. Contrary to a broadly accepted opinion, that inhibitory lea...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00036-1
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanotechnology employs engineered materials or devices that interact with biological systems at a molecular level and could revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) by stimulating, responding to and interacting with target sites to induce physiological responses while minimizing side-effects. C...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.05.002
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review is focused on the structure and function of Alzheimer's amyloid deposits. Amyloid formation is a process in which normal well-folded cellular proteins undergo a self-assembly process that leads to the formation of large and ordered protein structures. Amyloid deposition, oligomerization, and higher order p...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.10.004
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The S-100 is a group of low molecular weight (10-12 kD) calcium-binding proteins highly conserved among vertebrates. It is present in different tissues as dimers of homologous or different subunits (alpha, beta). In the nervous system, the S-100 exists as a mixture composed of beta beta and alpha beta dimers with the ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0301-0082(94)00062-m
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multivariate time series analysis is extensively used in neurophysiology with the aim of studying the relationship between simultaneously recorded signals. Recently, advances on information theory and nonlinear dynamical systems theory have allowed the study of various types of synchronization from time series. In thi...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.10.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews neuroimaging studies of conscious and voluntary regulation of various emotional states (sexual arousal, sadness, negative emotion). The results of these studies show that metacognition and cognitive recontextualization selectively alters the way the brain processes and reacts to emotional stimuli....
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.01.005
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to acute stress are important predictors of health outcomes in non-pregnant populations. Greater magnitude and duration of physiological responses have been associated with increased risk of hypertensive disorders and diabetes, greater susceptibility to infectious illnesses...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.07.003
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The scientific understanding of preproglucagon derived peptides has provided people with type 2 diabetes with two novel classes of glucose lowering agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. For the scientists, the novel GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors have evolved as us...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.07.003
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is suggested that the brain undergoes plastic changes in order to adapt to changing environmental needs. Sensory deprivation results in decreased input to the brain leading to adaptive or maladaptive changes. Although several theories hypothesize the mechanism of these adaptive and maladaptive changes, the course o...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the psychological level, the notion that emotional events may be better remembered is a long accepted view. Its translation into neurobiological mechanisms has led to the proposal of the 'emotional tag' concept, according to which, the activation of the amygdala by emotionality would result in modulation of neural ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.03.004
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homeoproteins are well known for their role in defining the shape of organs during early development. The late expression of some homeogenes in the nervous system suggests that they might have other, additional functions, possibly in neurite growth and target recognition. The 60 amino acid-long peptide corresponding t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0082(94)90070-1
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparative studies of behavioral responses to centrally acting drugs in inbred strains of mice which show differences in brain neurotransmitter activity represent a major strategy in the investigation of the neurochemical bases underlying behavioural expression. Moreover, these studies represent a preliminary stage i...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00008-7
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) occur in psychotic disorders, but also as a symptom of other conditions and even in healthy people. Several current theories on the origin of AVH converge, with neuroimaging studies suggesting that the language, auditory and memory/limbic networks are of particular relevance. Howev...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.11.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The freely diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS)-containing "nitroxergic" (NO-ergic) neurons, is unique among classical synaptic chemical transmitters because of its "non-specificity", molecular "NO-receptors" (e.g. guanylyl cyclase, iron complexes, nitrosylated proteins or DNA) in tar...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00062-7
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper focuses on the successive historical papers related to medulla oblongata (M.O.) intracerebral connections, its activities and ascending influences regulating sleep waking behavior. The M.O. certainly influences the quantitative and qualitative processes of waking. However, its neurophysiological properties ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00094-x
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system are quite different from all other peripheral neurons. The IPANs are transducers of physiological stimuli, including movement of the villi or distortion of the mucosa, contraction of intestinal muscle and changes in the chemistry of the contents ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.12.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.08.002
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spectrum of inflammatory diseases is nowadays considered to include diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Current evidence suggests that syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have important inflammatory and immune components and may be amenable to treatment by anti-inflammatory and immunothera...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.08.001
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells in the nervous system can respond to different kinds of stress, e.g. injury, with production and release of inflammatory molecules, including cytokines. One of the most important proinflammatory cytokines is interleukin-1, affecting most organs of the body. The high constitutive expression of interleukin-1 in th...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.015
更新日期：2010-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:It seems likely that the Alzheimer disease (AD)-related dendritic changes addressed in this article are induced by two principally different processes. One process is linked to the plastic response associated with deafferentation, that is, long-lasting transneuronally induced regressive changes in dendritic geometry a...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00022-7
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nervous system development, plasticity and regeneration require numerous, coordinated and finely tuned subcellular mechanisms. Phosphoproteins of the stathmin family, originally identified as intracellular signal relay proteins, are mostly or exclusively expressed in the nervous system with a high level of expression ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.002
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review summarizes recent work on the use of reporter genes to label selected neuronal populations in transgenic mice, with particular emphasis on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Reporter genes discussed are the lacZ, green fluorescent protein (GFP), luc, and bla genes, which encode the reporter pro...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00038-1
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which brief episodes of a sublethal insult induce robust protection against subsequent lethal injuries. Preconditioning has been observed in multiple organisms and can occur in the brain as well as other tissues. Extensive animal studies suggest that the brain can be preconditioned t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.005
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the primary source of new neurons in the brain and serve critical roles in tissue homeostasis and plasticity throughout life. Within the vertebrate brain, NSPCs are located within distinct neurogenic niches differing in their location, cellular composition, and proliferativ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.004
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging of the human brain is associated with "normal" functional, structural, and molecular changes that underlie alterations in cognition, memory, mood and motor function, amongst other processes. Normal aging also imposes a robust constraint on the onset of many neurological diseases, ranging from late onset neurodeg...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.11.006
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Removal from receptors of neurotransmitters just released into synapses is one of the major steps in neurotransmission. Transporters situated on the plasma membrane of nerve endings and glial cells perform the process of neurotransmitter (re)uptake. Because the density of transporters in the membranes can fluctuate, t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the cellular mechanisms underlying behaviours in mammals, the respective contributions of the individual properties characterizing each neuron, as opposed to the properties emerging from the organization of these neurons in functional networks, have to be evaluated. This requires the use, in the same spe...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00057-3
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
