Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:There has been increasing recent recognition of the worldwide confusion in the terminology and definitions for abnormalities of menstrual and uterine bleeding. The present review was undertaken to objectively explore some of the origins and current uses of terms for symptoms, signs, and causes of abnormal uterine bleeding and to demonstrate the international lack of uniformity. DESIGN:A detailed, but not systematic, search of the huge current and historical literature across the range of menstrual terminology, definitions, and some causes, with an emphasis on "menorrhagia" and "dysfunctional uterine bleeding." SETTING:An international collaboration to study ways of reaching worldwide agreement on descriptive terms and definitions for abnormal bleeding. RESULT(S):A large number of synonyms and overlapping terms for heavy menstrual bleeding have been identified, as well as smaller numbers of terms for other symptoms and causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. The origins and meanings of several of these terms have been explored in detail and wide variations in meaning demonstrated. CONCLUSION(S):There is great confusion in the way these terminologies are used and there is an urgent need for international agreement on consistent use of terms and definitions for symptoms, signs, and causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.
journal_name
Fertil Steriljournal_title
Fertility and sterilityauthors
Woolcock JG,Critchley HO,Munro MG,Broder MS,Fraser ISdoi
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.060subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
2269-80issue
6eissn
0015-0282issn
1556-5653pii
S0015-0282(07)03946-5journal_volume
90pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To report a case of laparoscopic repair of bilateral inguinal hernias in a patient with müllerian agenesis. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:Hospital. PATIENT(S):An 18-year-old woman with müllerian agenesis who presented with symptomatic inguinal hernias containing ovaries. INTERVENTION(S):Laparoscopic repair ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00541-0
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present there is no agreement regarding the usefulness of monitoring the endometrial thickness in stimulated cycles. We tested prospectively the hypothesis of a linear relationship of the given individual uterine size and the endometrial thickness in stimulated cycles using a 240 degrees transvaginal sector scanner...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56716-8
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Daily leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAP), basal body temperature (BBT), fern test (FT) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined during 15 normal menstrual cycles and 10 cycles treated with clomiphene citrate. A rise in LAP activity, as determined by LAP-relative score (LAP-RS), was observed durin...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)39623-6
更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Semen analyses were performed and serum and seminal plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations were determined in 165 samples from 120 men seen with their wives because of infertility. The mean (+/- standard deviation) serum and seminal plasma PRL concentrations were 6.5 +/- 3.3 and 7.5 +/- 3.1 ng/ml, respectively. The mea...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59664-2
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the hormonal characteristics of a fecund menstrual cycle. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. SETTING:Clinical research center. PATIENT(S):Fourteen patients having artificial insemination with donor semen provided daily blood and urine samples in a nonconceptive cycle and the consecutive c...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01765-9
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a baseline for projected studies of a rat endometriosis model. DESIGN:We investigated the effects of two macrophage-related growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), on proliferation, in vitro differentiation, and protein secretion of ute...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) protein in endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) and their effect on the proliferation of ESC. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottor...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.04.038
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies to both anionic and zwitterionic phospholipids in women with early recurrent pregnancy losses (RPLs). DESIGN:Retrospective data analysis. SETTING:Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. PATIENT(S):One hundred thirty-nine patients with unexplaine...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00119-3
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To report the use of augmented reality (AR) in gynecology. DESIGN:AR is a surgical guidance technology that enables important hidden surface structures to be visualized in endoscopic images. AR has been used for other organs, but never in gynecology and never with a very mobile organ like the uterus. We have...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.016
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oocytes with three or more pronuclei and one or two polar bodies arising after intracytoplasmic sperm injection were analyzed cytogenetically, and the data were used to develop a general model explaining the possible origin of the abnormal pronuclear stages. The mechanisms, either separately or in variable combination...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.075
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To demonstrate the effectiveness of ultrarapid cryopreservation in human embryos. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:An IVF unit of a medical center. PATIENT(S):All cases received ultrarapid freezing (URF) of embryos and frozen embryo transfer. INTERVENTION(S):Embryos were placed in phosphate-buffered s...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00257-5
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between fetal and maternal catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met and methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T functional polymorphisms and preeclampsia, examining its influence on placental COMT and in maternal 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) plasma levels. DESIGN:Prospec...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.019
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether levothyroxine (LT4) treatment has beneficial effects on IVF results and pregnancy outcome in infertile patients with subclinical hypothyroidism undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN:Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING:University-affiliated infertility clini...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.004
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To use microarray analysis as an unbiased approach to identify genes involved in the induction and growth of uterine leiomyomata. DESIGN:Screen by arrays for up to 12,000 genes in leiomyoma (L) and control myometrium (M) from nine patients. SETTING:University research laboratories. PATIENT(S):Nine patients...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03191-6
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the presence of soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) affects implantation and pregnancy outcomes in vitro. DESIGN:A multicenter retrospective study. SETTING:Six certified in vitro fertilization (IVF) units. PATIENT(S):Embryos obtained from 2,040 patients from six different IVF cl...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1977
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the direct effects of progesterone (P) and its antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) on sperm hyperactivation (HA) and acrosome reaction. DESIGN:Prospective evaluation of semen samples incubated in capacitation media with P and/or RU486. SETTING:University-affiliated tertiary care center. PATIENTS:Norma...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the role of recipient age on the outcome of donor egg cycles. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study of aggregated national cycles of donor egg therapy that are collected by Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SETTING:Assisted reproductive ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03371-x
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports further observations on our previous study of 203 Copper 7 intrauterine insertions performed in 199 women. There have now been accumulated 3799 woman-months of use. At least a 2-year period of observation has been attained from first insertion until these data were analyzed. The Copper 7 intrauterin...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate sequential changes in fetal heart rate (FHR) during the first trimester of well-timed pregnancies resulting from infertility treatment and to correlate the data with fetal growth curve and beta-hCG levels. DESIGN:Serial measurements of FHR, crown-rump length (CRL) and beta-hCG at weekly interval...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55971-8
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the performance of the Cook Sydney IVF (SIVF) embryo transfer (ET) catheter and the Edwards-Wallace (EW) ET catheter. DESIGN:Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. SETTING:Two-center study. PATIENT(S):Four hundred consecutive women <40 years undergo...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.085
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of hormone therapy on brain activation patterns during verbal memory in postmenopausal women. DESIGN:A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study was performed. SETTING:A tertiary care university medical center. PATIENT(S):Ten healthy postmenopausal women (age range 5...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.04.040
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We found that there was no significant difference in endometrial responses to vaginal or IM P. But the response was suboptimal in cycles treated with dydrogesterone, suggesting that dydrogesterone treatment is not the preferred progestin for use in artificial cycles. ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56840-x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review selected environmental, occupational, and other important risk factors for the following adverse pregnancy outcomes: low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and preterm delivery (PTD). DESIGN:The evidence is explored in greater detail for environmental tobacco smoke, drinkin...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.041
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 80 normal puerperae, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG/LH), and prolactin (PRL) levels were evaluated 6 to 29 hours after vaginal delivery. In these puerperae, PRL levels were higher and FSH levels were lower than in menstruating women; h...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46103-0
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that oligo-ovulatory ovulation is associated with hyperandrogenemia in the absence of other clinical signs of androgen excess. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort controlled. SETTING:Tertiary care university-based outpatient clinic. PATIENT(S):Thirty-two consecutive nonhirsute oligo-ovulator...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(97)80089-1
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine all case reports and studies of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) that have been published since the condition was first reported, in an attempt to identify trends or common features that may expose possible risk or causative factors. DESIGN:Systematic review of all available literature obtained from...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1312
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether nerve fibers can be detected in the endometrium and myometrium in women with painful uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. DESIGN:A retrospective immunohistochemical study. SETTING:An academic training hospital. PATIENT(S):Thirty-seven women with uterine fibroids and 29 women with adenomyo...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.026
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to assess the ovarian response in the same patient in consecutive IVF cycles. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Assisted reproductive unit at a university hospital. PATIENT(S):One hundred ninety women who underwent three consecutive cycles of IVF. INTERVENTION(S):All women used a...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03237-x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven homozygotes for F-XIII deficiency were found in a large inbred Israeli-Arab kindred. One affected woman had early abortions. Two affected men and one probably affected man had children, two of whom also were affected. Paternity was confirmed by segregation of HLAs and erythrocyte antigens and enzymes. This is th...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49351-9
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report an incidental finding of unrecognized lithopedion resulting from an old abdominal pregnancy with 35 years' evolution. Structures of the calcified fetus are seen clearly on abdominopelvic computed tomographic images. ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.12.019
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
