Abstract:
:The RNA polymerase elongation complex (EC) is both highly stable and processive, rapidly extending RNA chains for thousands of nucleotides. Understanding the mechanisms of elongation and its regulation requires detailed information about the structural organization of the EC. Here we report the 2.5-A resolution structure of the Thermus thermophilus EC; the structure reveals the post-translocated intermediate with the DNA template in the active site available for pairing with the substrate. DNA strand separation occurs one position downstream of the active site, implying that only one substrate at a time can specifically bind to the EC. The upstream edge of the RNA/DNA hybrid stacks on the beta'-subunit 'lid' loop, whereas the first displaced RNA base is trapped within a protein pocket, suggesting a mechanism for RNA displacement. The RNA is threaded through the RNA exit channel, where it adopts a conformation mimicking that of a single strand within a double helix, providing insight into a mechanism for hairpin-dependent pausing and termination.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Vassylyev DG,Vassylyeva MN,Perederina A,Tahirov TH,Artsimovitch Idoi
10.1038/nature05932subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-12 00:00:00pages
157-62issue
7150eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature05932journal_volume
448pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::In lung diseases such as asthma, expiratory flow becomes limited, airways can collapse and the vital exchange of gases is compromised. Here we model the inflation of collapsed regions of the lung during inspiration in terms of avalanches propagating through a bifurcating network of airways, and find that the accompany...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/417809b
更新日期:2002-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::D-type cyclins, in association with the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 or Cdk6, promote progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle by phosphorylating the retinoblastoma protein (RB). The activities of Cdk4 and Cdk6 are constrained by inhibitors such as p16, the product of the CDKN2 gene on human chromosome 9p21...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/375503a0
更新日期:1995-06-08 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07706-1
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enhancers increase the frequency of transcription initiation from linked promoter elements, most probably as a result of the binding of specific proteins to the enhancer. The polyomavirus early region is expressed in differentiated mouse cells but not in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. This host range...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/328087a0
更新日期:1987-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells, are necessary for the maintenance of immune self-tolerance and homeostasis1,2. Recent studies have demonstrated that Treg cells exhibit a unique metabolic profile, characterized by an increase in mitochondrial metabolism relative to other CD4+ effecto...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0846-z
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the transcription factor FOXA1 define a unique subset of prostate cancers but the functional consequences of these mutations and whether they confer gain or loss of function is unknown1-9. Here, by annotating the landscape of FOXA1 mutations from 3,086 human prostate cancers, we define two hotspots in the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1318-9
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen isotope analyses of Spondylus shells from neolithic sites suggest that the source for the shells used as ornaments in the Balkans and central Europe during the fourth millennium BC was the Aegean and not the Black Sea. The trade in Spondylus may have taken the form of an exchange of gifts. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/2281062a0
更新日期:1970-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane, the second most important greenhouse gas. Methane flux to the atmosphere depends strongly on the climate; however, by far the largest part of the methane formed in wetland ecosystems is recycled and does not reach the atmosphere. The biogeochemical contro...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03802
更新日期:2005-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2958-5
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis is commonly associated with a local humoral immune response within the central nervous system. A hallmark of this intrathecal response is the presence of electrophoretically demonstrable oligoclonal bands of IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of up to 95% of patients. Observations indicating that ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/338769a0
更新日期:1989-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Information--be it classical or quantum--is measured by the amount of communication needed to convey it. In the classical case, if the receiver has some prior information about the messages being conveyed, less communication is needed. Here we explore the concept of prior quantum information: given an unknown quantum ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03909
更新日期:2005-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpes group of viruses and the aetiological agent of infectious mononucleosis, is usually thought of as a lymphotrophic virus with the ability to transform B lymphocytes. So the association of EBV with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is puzzling, especially given the lack of success...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/306480a0
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reaction mechanism of protein folding by the chaperonin GroEL and its regulator GroES has been defined. GroES and substrate protein counteract each other's effects on GroEL: whereas GroES stabilizes GroEL in the ADP-bound state, binding of unfolded polypeptide within the cavity of the GroEL cylinder triggers ADP a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/366228a0
更新日期:1993-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::The small martian satellites Phobos and Deimos orbit in synchronous rotation with inclinations of only 0.01 degrees and 0.92 degrees , respectively, relative to the planet's equatorial plane. Thus, an observer at near-equatorial latitudes on Mars could occasionally observe solar eclipses by these satellites (see ref. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03437
更新日期:2005-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations seem to have been several times modern levels during much of the Palaeozoic era (543-248 million years ago), but decreased during the Carboniferous period to concentrations similar to that of today. Given that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it has been proposed that surfa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06085
更新日期:2007-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Transport vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus are thought to mediate biosynthetic transport across the Golgi stack. These vesicles are surrounded by a protein coat whose principal constituents are coatomer (a complex of seven distinct subunits or COPs) and ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF, an N-myristylated small GT...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/364732a0
更新日期:1993-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Novel biochemical processes using magnetic particles have been automated to provide a robotic system to perform processes for large-scale shotgun sequencing. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/362569a0
更新日期:1993-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between phenoty...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09210
更新日期:2010-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Gross chromosome rearrangements (GCRs), such as translocations, deletion of a chromosome arm, interstitial deletions and inversions, are often observed in cancer cells. Spontaneous GCRs are rare in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, the existence of mutator mutants with increased genome instability suggests that GCRs ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35082608
更新日期:2001-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cell line misidentification, contamination and poor annotation affect scientific reproducibility. Here we outline simple measures to detect or avoid cross-contamination, present a framework for cell line annotation linked to short tandem repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism profiles, and provide a catalogue of sy...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14397
更新日期:2015-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a result of complex gene-environment interactions, and several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Statistical models that combine known risk factors for T2D can partly identify individuals at high risk of developing the dise...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12198
更新日期:2013-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Cancers emerge from an ongoing Darwinian evolutionary process, often leading to multiple competing subclones within a single primary tumour. This evolutionary process culminates in the formation of metastases, which is the cause of 90% of cancer-related deaths. However, despite its clinical importance, little is known...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14347
更新日期:2015-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptosporidium species cause acute gastroenteritis and diarrhoea worldwide. They are members of the Apicomplexa--protozoan pathogens that invade host cells by using a specialized apical complex and are usually transmitted by an invertebrate vector or intermediate host. In contrast to other Apicomplexans, Cryptosporid...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02977
更新日期:2004-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is the first transcription event in life1. However, it is unclear how RNA polymerase is engaged in initiating ZGA in mammals. Here, by developing small-scale Tn5-assisted chromatin cleavage with sequencing (Stacc-seq), we investigated the landscapes of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2847-y
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is important in adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis and which depends on interactions with co-activators, including steroid receptor co-activating factor-1 (SRC-1). Here we present the X-ray ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/25931
更新日期:1998-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum cryptography exploits the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics to provide a secure way to exchange private information. Such an exchange requires a common random bit sequence, called a key, to be shared secretly between the sender and the receiver. The basic idea behind quantum key distribution (QKD) has wide...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13303
更新日期:2014-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last twenty years, there has been rapid growth of a new approach to understanding the evolution of organismic form. This evolutionary developmental biology, or 'evo-devo', is focused on the developmental genetic machinery that lies behind embryological phenotypes, which were all that could be studied in the p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/415757a
更新日期:2002-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Large panels of comprehensively characterized human cancer models, including the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), have provided a rigorous framework with which to study genetic variants, candidate targets, and small-molecule and biological therapeutics and to identify new marker-driven cancer dependencies. To imp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1186-3
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06849
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities sufficient to immunise large populations. We report the preclinical development of two BNT162b vaccine candidates, which contain lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-derived imm...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03275-y
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00