Abstract:
:It is a controversial issue whether 'real' movement, seen from the successive stimulation of retinal receptors by a moving image, and 'apparent' (phi) movement, which is produced by stimuli separated in space and time, are transmitted by the same or different neural channels. With this question in mind, we have devised ways to oppose real against opposite-direction apparent movement, to see whether they cancel. Cancelling, especially in a variety of conditions, would be expected for a single but not for separate neural movement channels. As we report here, we find that opposed-direction real and apparent movements will cancel, allowing null measurements to be made.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Gregory RL,Harris JPdoi
10.1038/307729a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-02-23 00:00:00pages
729-30issue
5953eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
307pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::When a portrait is coarsely quantized into blocks, the block structure hides the face, although lower spatial frequencies of the original image sufficient by themselves for recognition are preserved. Recognition can be recovered by blurring the image, or otherwise attenuating the spurious higher spatial frequency comp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305226a0
更新日期:1983-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two large-scale yeast two-hybrid screens were undertaken to identify protein-protein interactions between full-length open reading frames predicted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence. In one approach, we constructed a protein array of about 6,000 yeast transformants, with each transformant expressing on...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35001009
更新日期:2000-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The promoter for a weakly expressed constitutive gene, the lactose repressor gene (lacI), has been sequenced, along with an 'up' promoter mutation Iq. The 10-fold enhancement in I expression found in Iq is the result of a single base change at position -35. To facilitate the sequencing, the lacI gene was cloned in a s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/274762a0
更新日期:1978-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Proteolysis is essential for the execution of many cellular functions. These include removal of incorrectly folded or damaged proteins, the activation of transcription factors, the ordered degradation of proteins involved in cell cycle control, and the generation of peptides destined for presentation by class I molecu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/33443
更新日期:1998-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::The holotype of Deinocheirus mirificus was collected by the 1965 Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition at Altan Uul III in the southern Gobi of Mongolia. Because the holotype consists mostly of giant forelimbs (2.4 m in length) with scapulocoracoids, for almost 50 years Deinocheirus has remained one of the most...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13874
更新日期:2014-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::High-temperature superconductivity is achieved by doping copper oxide insulators with charge carriers. The density of carriers in conducting materials can be determined from measurements of the Hall voltage--the voltage transverse to the flow of the electrical current that is proportional to an applied magnetic field....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01890
更新日期:2003-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Type Ia supernovae are thought to result from thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars. Existing models generally explain the observed properties, with the exception of the sub-luminous 1991bg-like supernovae. It has long been suspected that the merger of two white dwarfs could give rise to a type I...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08642
更新日期:2010-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::The tumour suppressor p53 is required to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) by DNA-damaging agents. As p53 is a transcriptional activator that mediates gene induction after DNA damage, it has been proposed to be a genetic switch that activates apoptosis-mediator genes. Here we evaluate the role of p53 in DNA-dam...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/370220a0
更新日期:1994-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::High-energy cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CREs), which lose energy quickly during their propagation, provide a probe of Galactic high-energy processes and may enable the observation of phenomena such as dark-matter particle annihilation or decay. The CRE spectrum has been measured directly up to approximately 2 ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24475
更新日期:2017-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::With the discovery1 of superconductivity at 203 kelvin in H3S, attention returned to conventional superconductors with properties that can be described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer and the Migdal-Eliashberg theories. Although these theories predict the possibility of room-temperature superconductivity in metals th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is initiated by the binding of its extracellular envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the CD4 antigen on target cells. To map the residues of the HIV-1 glycoprotein that are critical for binding and to analyse the effects of binding on viral infectivity, we created 15 mu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/340571a0
更新日期:1989-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most well studied genetic model organisms; nonetheless, its genome still contains unannotated coding and non-coding genes, transcripts, exons and RNA editing sites. Full discovery and annotation are pre-requisites for understanding how the regulation of transcription, splicing and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09715
更新日期:2011-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of sweet, bitter and umami tastes requires the non-vesicular release from taste bud cells of ATP, which acts as a neurotransmitter to activate afferent neural gustatory pathways. However, how ATP is released to fulfil this function is not fully understood. Here we show that calcium homeostasis modulator 1 ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11906
更新日期:2013-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of the operator-binding domain of the lambda repressor has been determined at 3.2 A resolution. This domain contains an extended N-terminal arm and five alpha-helices. Model-building studies of the repressor-operator complex suggest that alpha-helices, especially the N-terminal parts of these helices, ma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/298443a0
更新日期:1982-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Important Ca2+ signals in the cytosol and organelles are often extremely localized and hard to measure. To overcome this problem we have constructed new fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ that are genetically encoded without cofactors and are targetable to specific intracellular locations. We have dubbed these fluorescen...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/42264
更新日期:1997-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::The observed number counts of high-redshift galaxy candidates have been used to build up a statistical description of star-forming activity at redshift z ≳ 7, when galaxies reionized the Universe. Standard models predict that a high incidence of gravitational lensing will probably distort measurements of flux and numb...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09619
更新日期:2011-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas short-term memory lasts from minutes to hours, long-term memory (LTM) can last for days or even an entire lifetime. LTM generally forms after spaced repeated training sessions and involves the regulation of gene expression, thereby implicating transcription factors in the initial steps of LTM establishment. Ho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02726
更新日期:2004-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::The extent to which an organism is selected to invest in defences against pathogens and parasites depends on the advantages that ensue should infection occur, but also on the costs of maintaining defences in the absence of infection. The presence of heritable variation in resistance suggests that costs exist, but we k...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/38483
更新日期:1997-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of an avirulent pathogen triggers the rapid production of the reactive oxygen intermediates superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This oxidative burst drives crosslinking of the cell wall, induces several plant genes involved in cellular protection and defence, and is necessary for the initiation ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/29087
更新日期:1998-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina hyperpolarize in response to light. The hyperpolarization elicited by a brief flash is approximately ten times slower in rods than in cones of the same retina. We have examined the amplification and temporal properties of synaptic transfer of rod and cone signals to a common pos...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/296862a0
更新日期:1982-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Arg-vasopressin (AVP) prolongs retention of a learned behaviour and elevates arterial blood pressure. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of a thousandfold lower dose of AVP than needed with s.c. injection produces the same behavioural effect, suggesting that AVP acts on th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/301608a0
更新日期:1983-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::All forms of locomotion are repetitive motor activities that require coordinated bilateral activation of muscles. The executive elements of locomotor control are networks of spinal neurons that determine gait pattern through the sequential activation of motor-neuron pools on either side of the body axis. However, litt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12286
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is the first step in the synthesis of more complex carbon-based fuels and feedstocks using renewable electricity. Unfortunately, the reaction suffers from slow kinetics owing to the low local concentration of CO2 surrounding typical CO2 reductio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature19060
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The internal organization of eukaryotic cells into functionally specialized, membrane-delimited organelles of unique composition implies a need for active, regulated lipid transport. Phosphatidylserine (PS), for example, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and then preferentially associates--through mechanisms...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12430
更新日期:2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::The mec-2 gene is required for the function of a set of six touch receptor neurons in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; mec-2 mutants, which are touch-insensitive, have touch cells that appear morphologically normal. Gene interaction studies suggest that mec-2 positively regulates the activity of the putative mecha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/378292a0
更新日期:1995-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Milankovitch proposed that summer insolation at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere directly causes the ice-age climate cycles. This would imply that times of ice-sheet collapse should correspond to peaks in Northern Hemisphere June insolation. But the penultimate deglaciation has proved controversial because Jun...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35003541
更新日期:2000-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Goo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03083
更新日期:2005-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system mediated by T cells specific for a myelin antigen. Myelin basic protein has been studied as a potential autoantigen in the disease because of its role as an encephalitogen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and post-viral...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/346183a0
更新日期:1990-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::When an intense laser pulse is focused into a gas, the light-atom interaction that occurs as atoms are ionized results in an extremely nonlinear optical process--the generation of high harmonics of the driving laser frequency. Harmonics that extend up to orders of about 300 have been reported, some corresponding to ph...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35018029
更新日期:2000-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::When a spatially uniform temperature change is imposed on a solid with more than one phase, or on a polycrystal of a single, non-cubic phase (showing anisotropic expansion-contraction), the resulting thermal strain is inhomogeneous (non-affine). Thermal cycling induces internal stresses, leading to structural and prop...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14674
更新日期:2015-08-13 00:00:00