Abstract:
:Extracts of milk thistle have been recognized for centuries as "liver tonics" and are well-known to prevent or reverse hepatotoxicity of reactive drug metabolites or naturally occurring toxins. Milk thistle extracts are now under intense study in the experimental therapeutics of cancer for chemoprevention, treatment, and amelioration of chemotherapy side effects. Precision in nomenclature, however, has lagged behind this progress. The crude commercial product of milk thistle is termed silymarin, a complex of at least 7 flavonolignans and 1 flavonoid that comprises 65% to 80% of milk thistle extract. From silymarin is derived silibinin, a semipurified fraction once thought to be a single compound but now recognized as a 1:1 mixture of 2 diastereoisomers, silybin A and silybin B. The distinction between silymarin and silibinin is not only important to understanding the historical literature, but thorough characterization and use of chemically defined mixtures in preclinical and clinical studies are essential to the progress of these botanical compounds as human therapeutics. As a result, we urge clinicians and preclinical investigators alike to exercise rigor in nomenclature and use pure compounds or precisely defined chemical mixtures in subsequent studies. Herein, we provide a guide to the proper nomenclature and composition of milk thistle extracts and discuss the known pharmacokinetic studies of these botanical medicines. The drug-interaction potential of these extracts appears to be quite low, and in fact, silibinin appears to synergize with the antitumor effects of some commonly used chemotherapeutics. However, some precautions are advised as high-dose, phase II studies are conducted.
journal_name
Integr Cancer Therjournal_title
Integrative cancer therapiesauthors
Kroll DJ,Shaw HS,Oberlies NHdoi
10.1177/1534735407301825subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-06-01 00:00:00pages
110-9issue
2eissn
1534-7354issn
1552-695Xpii
6/2/110journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Carnosine has been demonstrated to play an antitumorigenic role in certain types of cancer. However, its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, the roles of carnosine in cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism were investigated in the cultured human cervical gland carcinoma cells HeLa and cervical squ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735416684551
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Increasingly physical activity (PA) is being recognized as an important outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated PA using novel global positioning system (GPS) tracking individuals with NSCLC and a group of similar-aged healthy individuals. METHODS:A prospective cross-sectional multi...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1177/1534735414542484
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study hypothesizes that, bromelain (BL) acts as radiosensitizer of tumor cells and that it protects normal cells from radiation effects. In vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out to prove that assumption. In vitro MTT cell proliferation assay has shown that the irradiated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735420950468
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oncology is currently a sector of medical science with accelerated progress due to rapid technological development, the advancement in molecular biology, and the invention of many innovative therapies. Immunotherapy partially accounts for this advance, since it is increasingly playing an important role in the treatmen...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735419827090
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity can be attenuated by exercise preconditioning, but little is known of whether this cardioprotection continues beyond 10 days post-DOX administration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise preconditioning on early chronic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Ma...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735410392577
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the limitations and side effects of conventional cancer treatment, especially in relation to quality of life (QOL), patients are increasingly utilizing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to supplement health-related outcomes. However, evidence for the safety and efficacy of such treatments i...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1534735411413268
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports the antimigration, anti-invasive effect of glabridin, a flavonoid obtained from licorice, in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Glabridin exhibited effective inhibition of cell metastasis by decreasing cancer cell migration and invasion of A549 cells. In addition, glabridin also decreased ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735410384860
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recurrence of cancer is a traumatic and stressful experience, and a number of approaches have been proposed to manage or treat the associated psychological distress. Meditative techniques such as mindfulness may be able to improve an individual's ability to cope with stressful life events such as cancer diagnosis or...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735420908341
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many patients with cancer seek complementary and alternative medicine treatments. We investigated the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by adult cancer patients in Taiwan. METHODS:We reviewed the Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients Database of Taiwan, and included all adult patients diagnosed...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735417716302
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effectiveness of traditional herbal medicine (THM) as treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of THM as adjunctive therapies for NPC using the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five electronic databases, includi...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1177/1534735415572881
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that tends to affect young women and has a high propensity to metastasize. No targeted treatments are available for this type of breast cancer due to a lack of estrogen or progesterone receptors or overexpression of human epidermal growth f...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735420917444
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although localized colon cancer is often successfully treated with surgery, advanced disease requires aggressive systemic therapy that has lower effectiveness. Approximately 30% to 75% of patients with colon cancer use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but there is limited formal evidence of survival effic...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735411406539
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nausea and vomiting are among the most common and distressing side effects of chemotherapy. Additional antiemetic drugs are urgently needed to effectively manage and ameliorate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The efficacy of ginger as an antiemetic modality for ameliorating CINV has not been establish...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/1534735417753541
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable number of patients with cancer have used or are using the Gerson therapy, an alleged anticancer metabolic diet. However, there is almost no scientific support for this regimen. Hence, the present case review study of 6 patients with metastatic cancer who used the Gerson therapy aims at critically evalua...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735406298258
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melatonin is a phylogenetically well-preserved molecule with diverse physiological functions. In addition to its well-known regulatory control of the sleep/wake cycle, as well as circadian rhythms generally, melatonin is involved in immunomodulation, hematopoiesis, and antioxidative processes. Recent human and animal ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1534735408322846
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) use human-animal interactions to positive effect in various contexts including cancer care. As the first installment of a 2-part series, this systematic literature review focuses on the research methods and quantitative results of AAI studies in oncology. We find methodological con...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735420943278
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that soybean fermentation products can act as cancer chemoprevention or therapeutic agents. In this study, the anticancer activities of a fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture (BN999) were investigated. We found that BN999 inhibited the growth of human breast c...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735412458828
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of multiple drugs in cancer therapy increases the efficacy of the potential therapeutic effects. In this study, the authors investigated the adjuvant effects of an ethanol extract of solid-state cultivated Taiwanofungus camphoratus (TCEE) and amphotericin B (AmB) in the human cancer cell lines RPMI7951 and MG6...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735412442379
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health care policies and guidelines that are clear and consistent with research evidence are important for maximizing clinical outcomes. To determine whether cancer centers in Canada and the United States had policies and/or guidelines about antioxidant use, and whether policies were aligned with the evidenc...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735415572884
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large majority of clinical prostate cancers remain dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activity for proliferation even as they lose their responsiveness to androgen deprivation or antagonism. AR activity can be maintained in these circumstances by increased AR synthesis--often reflecting increased NF-κB activation...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735414534728
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants from the Bursera genus are widely distributed in the tropical dry forests of Mexico. In traditional medicine, extracts from different species of Bursera have been used for a wide range of biological activities, including the treatment of cancer-related symptoms. Compounds present in the Bursera genus include li...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735418766416
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D supplements may prevent recurrence, prolong survival, and improve mood for women with breast cancer, although evidence for these effects is preliminary. METHODS:This report describes vitamin D supplement use by 553 breast cancer patient/survivors (193 who used a naturopathic oncology [NO] provider...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735418822056
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antineoplastic agents induce oxidative stress in biological systems. During cancer chemotherapy, oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation generates numerous electrophilic aldehydes that can attack many cellular targets. These products of oxidative stress can slow cell cycle progression of cancer cells and cause cel...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1534735404270335
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute apoptotic response to genotoxic carcinogens animal model has been extensively used to assess the ability of drugs and natural products like dietary components to promote apoptosis in the colon and protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). This work aimed to use this model to identify the main chemopreventativ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735417699880
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis are rare chronic hematological malignancies known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and are characterized by deregulated myeloid lineage cell production, splenomegaly, and heterogeneous symptom profiles. MPN patients suffer from a significant ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1534735416661417
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The British developmental biologist John Beard, DSc (1858-1924) is little remembered today. Yet, he made outstanding contributions to the life sciences. Beard deserves to be included among the leading biologists of the late 19th and early 20th century. He has been hailed as a forerunner of the present-day theory of th...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735408326174
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:GANODERMA LUCIDU:spore (GLS), an over-the-counter herbal supplement, is widely used by cancer patients in China. Although preclinical studies have shown it to be safe, complete safety data on GLS is still lacking. In this article, we report 5 cases of gastrointestinal cancer that were treated with GLS plus multiple str...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735413510022
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in cancer detection and treatment have resulted in an increase in the survival rate of individuals diagnosed with cancer. The increased survival rate brings new challenges for increasing the quality of life for cancer survivors. Debilitating side effects can result from the cancer itself and the cancer...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/153473540200100117
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: Postcancer cognitive impairment (PCCI) is observed in a substantial number of breast cancer survivors, persisting for as long as 20 years in some subgroups. Although compensatory strategies are frequently suggested, no restorative interventions have yet been identified. This study ...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735413477192
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background The role of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes in preventing or initiating colorectal cancer (CRC) is still uncertain. The aim of this study is to examine the possible association between the consumption of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes and the risk of developing CRC among Jordanian pop...
journal_title:Integrative cancer therapies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1534735415620010
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00